Reference: Dung
American
Among the Israelites, the dung of animals was used only for manure, but, when dried, for fuel. In districts where wood is scarce, the inhabitants are very careful in collecting the dung of camels and asses; it is mixed with chopped straw, and dried. It is not unusual to see a whole village with portions of this material adhering to the walls of the cottages to dry; and towards the end of autumn it is piled in conical heaps or stacks on the roof. It is employed in heating ovens, and for other similar purposes, Eze 4:12-16. The use of dung for manure is intimated in Isa 25:10.
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For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain, And Moab will be trodden down in his place As straw is trodden down in the water of a manure pile.
"You shall eat it as a barley cake, having baked it in their sight over human dung." Then the LORD said, "Thus will the sons of Israel eat their bread unclean among the nations where I will banish them." read more. But I said, "Ah, Lord GOD! Behold, I have never been defiled; for from my youth until now I have never eaten what died of itself or was torn by beasts, nor has any unclean meat ever entered my mouth." Then He said to me, "See, I will give you cow's dung in place of human dung over which you will prepare your bread." Moreover, He said to me, "Son of man, behold, I am going to break the staff of bread in Jerusalem, and they will eat bread by weight and with anxiety, and drink water by measure and in horror,
Easton
(1.) Used as manure (Lu 13:8); collected outside the city walls (Ne 2:13). Of sacrifices, burned outside the camp (Ex 29:14; Le 4:11; 8:17; Nu 19:5). To be "cast out as dung," a figurative expression (1Ki 14:10; 2Ki 9:37; Jer 8:2; Ps 18:42), meaning to be rejected as unprofitable.
(2.) Used as fuel, a substitute for firewood, which was with difficulty procured in Syria, Arabia, and Egypt (Eze 4:12-15), where cows' and camels' dung is used to the present day for this purpose.
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"But the flesh of the bull and its hide and its refuse, you shall burn with fire outside the camp; it is a sin offering.
'But the hide of the bull and all its flesh with its head and its legs and its entrails and its refuse,
But the bull and its hide and its flesh and its refuse he burned in the fire outside the camp, just as the LORD had commanded Moses.
'Then the heifer shall be burned in his sight; its hide and its flesh and its blood, with its refuse, shall be burned.
therefore behold, I am bringing calamity on the house of Jeroboam, and will cut off from Jeroboam every male person, both bond and free in Israel, and I will make a clean sweep of the house of Jeroboam, as one sweeps away dung until it is all gone.
So I went out at night by the Valley Gate in the direction of the Dragon's Well and on to the Refuse Gate, inspecting the walls of Jerusalem which were broken down and its gates which were consumed by fire.
Then I beat them fine as the dust before the wind; I emptied them out as the mire of the streets.
"They will spread them out to the sun, the moon and to all the host of heaven, which they have loved and which they have served, and which they have gone after and which they have sought, and which they have worshiped They will not be gathered or buried; they will be as dung on the face of the ground.
"You shall eat it as a barley cake, having baked it in their sight over human dung." Then the LORD said, "Thus will the sons of Israel eat their bread unclean among the nations where I will banish them." read more. But I said, "Ah, Lord GOD! Behold, I have never been defiled; for from my youth until now I have never eaten what died of itself or was torn by beasts, nor has any unclean meat ever entered my mouth." Then He said to me, "See, I will give you cow's dung in place of human dung over which you will prepare your bread."
"And he answered and said to him, 'Let it alone, sir, for this year too, until I dig around it and put in fertilizer;
Fausets
Used as manure and fuel. Straw was trodden in the water of the dungheap to make it manure (compare Ps 83:10). Isa 25:10, "Moab shall be trodden down ... as straw is trodden down for the dunghill"; also Isa 5:25, margin The dung sweepings of the streets were collected in heaps at fixed places outside the walls, e.g. "the dung gate" at Jerusalem (Ne 2:13), and thence removed to the fields. The dunghill is the image of the deepest degradation (Ps 113:7; La 4:5; 1Sa 2:8). Manure is inserted in holes dug about the roots of fruit trees to the present day in S. Italy (Lu 13:8). The dung of sacrifices was burnt outside the camp (Ex 29:14). In Mal 2:3, "I will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your solemn feasts," the point is, the maw was the priests' prequisite (De 18:3); you shall get the dung in the maw, instead of the maw.
The sanctity of the Israelites' camp through Jehovah's presence is made the ground for rules of cleanliness such as in De 23:12. The removal to separate receptacles, and exposure of human and other ordure, gives the force to the threats, Da 2:5; 3:29; Ezr 6:11; 2Ki 10:27; "a draught house," 2Ki 9:37; 1Ki 14:10; Jer 8:2. In Isa 36:12 the sense is, "Is it to thy master and thee I am sent? Nay, it is to the men off the wall, to let them know that (so far am I from wishing them not to hear), if they do not surrender they shall be reduced to eating their own excrement." (2Ch 32:11). Scarcity of fuel necessitated the use of cows' dung and camels' dung, formed in cakes with straw added, for heating ovens as at this day; but to use human dung implied cruel necessity (Eze 4:12). In Php 3:8, "I do count them dung," skubala means "refuse cast to the dogs."
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"But the flesh of the bull and its hide and its refuse, you shall burn with fire outside the camp; it is a sin offering.
"Now this shall be the priests' due from the people, from those who offer a sacrifice, either an ox or a sheep, of which they shall give to the priest the shoulder and the two cheeks and the stomach.
and the corpse of Jezebel will be as dung on the face of the field in the property of Jezreel, so they cannot say, "This is Jezebel."'"
'Is not Hezekiah misleading you to give yourselves over to die by hunger and by thirst, saying, "The LORD our God will deliver us from the hand of the king of Assyria"?
"And I issued a decree that any man who violates this edict, a timber shall be drawn from his house and he shall be impaled on it and his house shall be made a refuse heap on account of this.
So I went out at night by the Valley Gate in the direction of the Dragon's Well and on to the Refuse Gate, inspecting the walls of Jerusalem which were broken down and its gates which were consumed by fire.
He raises the poor from the dust And lifts the needy from the ash heap,
On this account the anger of the LORD has burned against His people, And He has stretched out His hand against them and struck them down And the mountains quaked, and their corpses lay like refuse in the middle of the streets For all this His anger is not spent, But His hand is still stretched out.
For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain, And Moab will be trodden down in his place As straw is trodden down in the water of a manure pile.
But Rabshakeh said, "Has my master sent me only to your master and to you to speak these words, and not to the men who sit on the wall, doomed to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you?"
"They will spread them out to the sun, the moon and to all the host of heaven, which they have loved and which they have served, and which they have gone after and which they have sought, and which they have worshiped They will not be gathered or buried; they will be as dung on the face of the ground.
Those who ate delicacies Are desolate in the streets; Those reared in purple Embrace ash pits.
"You shall eat it as a barley cake, having baked it in their sight over human dung."
The king replied to the Chaldeans, "The command from me is firm: if you do not make known to me the dream and its interpretation, you will be torn limb from limb and your houses will be made a rubbish heap.
"Therefore I make a decree that any people, nation or tongue that speaks anything offensive against the God of Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-nego shall be torn limb from limb and their houses reduced to a rubbish heap, inasmuch as there is no other god who is able to deliver in this way."
"Behold, I am going to rebuke your offspring, and I will spread refuse on your faces, the refuse of your feasts; and you will be taken away with it.
"And he answered and said to him, 'Let it alone, sir, for this year too, until I dig around it and put in fertilizer;
More than that, I count all things to be loss in view of the surpassing value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them but rubbish so that I may gain Christ,
Hastings
1. Used in the East as manure (Lu 13:8) and for fuel; especially that of cattle, where wood and charcoal are scarce or unattainable. Directions for personal cleanliness are given in De 23:10-14; and in the case of sacrifices the dung of the animals was burnt outside the camp (Ex 29:14; Le 4:11-12; 8:17; Nu 19:5). 2. The word is used (a) to express contempt and abhorrence, as in the case of the carcase of Jezebel (2Ki 9:37); and in that of the Jews (Jer 9:22; Zep 1:17). (b) To spread dung upon the face was a sign of humiliation (Mal 2:3). (c) As representing worthlessness, Paul counted all things but dung that he might win Christ (Php 3:8).
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"But the flesh of the bull and its hide and its refuse, you shall burn with fire outside the camp; it is a sin offering.
'But the hide of the bull and all its flesh with its head and its legs and its entrails and its refuse, that is, all the rest of the bull, he is to bring out to a clean place outside the camp where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire; where the ashes are poured out it shall be burned.
But the bull and its hide and its flesh and its refuse he burned in the fire outside the camp, just as the LORD had commanded Moses.
'Then the heifer shall be burned in his sight; its hide and its flesh and its blood, with its refuse, shall be burned.
"If there is among you any man who is unclean because of a nocturnal emission, then he must go outside the camp; he may not reenter the camp. "But it shall be when evening approaches, he shall bathe himself with water, and at sundown he may reenter the camp. read more. "You shall also have a place outside the camp and go out there, and you shall have a spade among your tools, and it shall be when you sit down outside, you shall dig with it and shall turn to cover up your excrement. "Since the LORD your God walks in the midst of your camp to deliver you and to defeat your enemies before you, therefore your camp must be holy; and He must not see anything indecent among you or He will turn away from you.
and the corpse of Jezebel will be as dung on the face of the field in the property of Jezreel, so they cannot say, "This is Jezebel."'"
Speak, "Thus says the LORD, 'The corpses of men will fall like dung on the open field, And like the sheaf after the reaper, But no one will gather them.'"
I will bring distress on men So that they will walk like the blind, Because they have sinned against the LORD; And their blood will be poured out like dust And their flesh like dung.
"Behold, I am going to rebuke your offspring, and I will spread refuse on your faces, the refuse of your feasts; and you will be taken away with it.
"And he answered and said to him, 'Let it alone, sir, for this year too, until I dig around it and put in fertilizer;
More than that, I count all things to be loss in view of the surpassing value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them but rubbish so that I may gain Christ,
Smith
Dung.
The uses of dung were two-fold --as manure and as fuel. The manure consisted either of straw steeped in liquid manure,
or the sweepings,
of the streets and roads, which were carefully removed from about the houses, and collected in heaps outside the walls of the towns at fixed spots --hence the dung-gate at Jerusalem --and thence removed in due course to the fields. The difficulty of procuring fuel in Syria, Arabia and Egypt has made dung in all ages valuable as a substitute. It was probably used for heating ovens and for baking cakes,
the equable heat which it produced adapting it pecularily for the latter operation. Cow's and camels dung is still used for a similar purpose by the Bedouins.
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let it be known to the king that the Jews who came up from you have come to us at Jerusalem; they are rebuilding the rebellious and evil city and are finishing the walls and repairing the foundations.
so that a search may be made in the record books of your fathers. And you will discover in the record books and learn that that city is a rebellious city and damaging to kings and provinces, and that they have incited revolt within it in past days; therefore that city was laid waste.
On this account the anger of the LORD has burned against His people, And He has stretched out His hand against them and struck them down And the mountains quaked, and their corpses lay like refuse in the middle of the streets For all this His anger is not spent, But His hand is still stretched out.
For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain, And Moab will be trodden down in his place As straw is trodden down in the water of a manure pile.