Reference: Samuel, Books of
Easton
The LXX. translators regarded the books of Samuel and of Kings as forming one continuous history, which they divided into four books, which they called "Books of the Kingdom." The Vulgate version followed this division, but styled them "Books of the Kings." These books of Samuel they accordingly called the "First" and "Second" Books of Kings, and not, as in the modern Protestant versions, the "First" and "Second" Books of Samuel.
The authors of the books of Samuel were probably Samuel, Gad, and Nathan. Samuel penned the first twenty-four chapters of the first book. Gad, the companion of David (1Sa 22:5), continued the history thus commenced; and Nathan completed it, probably arranging the whole in the form in which we now have it (1Ch 29:29).
The contents of the books. The first book comprises a period of about a hundred years, and nearly coincides with the life of Samuel. It contains (1) the history of Eli (1-4); (2) the history of Samuel (5-12); (3) the history of Saul, and of David in exile (13-31). The second book, comprising a period of perhaps fifty years, contains a history of the reign of David (1) over Judah (1-4), and (2) over all Israel (5-24), mainly in its political aspects. The last four chapters of Second Samuel may be regarded as a sort of appendix recording various events, but not chronologically. These books do not contain complete histories. Frequent gaps are met with in the record, because their object is to present a history of the kingdom of God in its gradual development, and not of the events of the reigns of the successive rulers. It is noticeable that the section (2SA 11:2-12: 29) containing an account of David's sin in the matter of Bathsheba is omitted in the corresponding passage in 1Ch 20.
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Do not live in your stronghold, the prophet Gad told David. Go to the land of Judah. So David went to the forest of Hereth.
Late one afternoon, David got up from his nap and went to the palace roof. He walked around on the roof. He saw a woman taking a bath. She was very beautiful. He sent a messenger to find out who she was. He learned that she was Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam and the wife of Uriah the Hittite. read more. So David sent messengers to get her. She came to him and they had sexual intercourse. She had just cleansed herself after her monthly period. Then she went home. The woman became pregnant. So she sent someone to tell David that she was pregnant. David sent a messenger to Joab, saying: Send me Uriah the Hittite. So Joab sent Uriah to David. When Uriah arrived, David asked him how Joab and the troops were and how the war was going. Go home, David said to Uriah, and wash your feet. Uriah left the royal palace, and the king sent a present to him. But Uriah slept at the entrance of the royal palace among his superior's mercenaries. He did not go home. Someone told David that Uriah did not go home. So the next morning David asked him: Why did you not go home? Have you been away for a long time? Uriah answered: The Ark of the Covenant and the armies of Israel and Judah are camping out somewhere in the fields with our commander Joab and his officers and troops. Do you think I would go home to eat and drink and sleep with my wife? I swear by your life that I would not! David said: Stay here in Jerusalem and I will send you back tomorrow. Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day and the next day.
The history of King David from beginning to end is recorded in the records of the three prophets, Samuel, Nathan, and Gad.
Hastings
SAMUEL, BOOKS OF
1. Title.
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There was a certain man of Ramathaim, a Zuphite of the mountains of Ephraim. His name was Elkanah. He was the son of Jeroham son of Elihu son of Tohu son of Zuph an Ephraimite.
There was a certain man of Ramathaim, a Zuphite of the mountains of Ephraim. His name was Elkanah. He was the son of Jeroham son of Elihu son of Tohu son of Zuph an Ephraimite. He had two wives, one named Hannah and the other Peninnah. Peninnah was the mother of children. Hannah had no children. read more. This man went to Shiloh every year to worship and to make offerings to Jehovah (YHWH) of Hosts. The two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas were the priests of Jehovah at Shiloh. The day came for Elkanah to make his offering. So he gave a part of the feast to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and daughters. He gave a double portion to Hannah. Hannah was very dear to him even though Jehovah had not given her children. The other wife did everything possible to make her unhappy. This is because Jehovah had not given her children. Year after year when Peninnah went to the Temple of Jehovah, she kept on provoking Hannah. It bothered Hannah so much she wept and did not eat. Her husband Elkanah said to her: Hannah, why are you weeping? Why are you not eating? Why is your heart troubled? Am I not more to you than ten sons? So after they finished eating and drinking in Shiloh Hannah got up. The priest Eli sat by the pillars near the door in the Temple of Jehovah. Hannah was filled with grief and wept bitterly. She prayed and pledged an oath to Jehovah: O Jehovah of Hosts: If you will truly notice the sorrow of your servant. Remember me. Do not turn away from me. If you will give me a son, then I will give him to you, Jehovah, all the days of his life. His hair will never be cut. Hannah prayed to Jehovah for a long time. Eli watched her lips. She prayed silently. Her lips were moving, but she made no sound. So Eli thought that she was drunk. He said to her: Stop making a drunken show of yourself! Stop your drinking and sober up! No, I am not drunk, she answered. I have not been drinking! I am desperate. I have prayed and poured out my troubles to Jehovah. Do not consider your maidservant a worthless woman. I pray like this because I am miserable and filled with grief. Eli answered: Go in peace. May the God of Israel give you what you have asked of him. Let your maidservant find favor in your sight, she replied. Then she went away, ate some food, and was no longer sad (self-concerned). The next morning Elkanah and his family got up early. After worshiping Jehovah, they went back home to Ramah. Elkanah had intercourse with his wife Hannah and Jehovah answered her prayer. So it was that she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. She named him Samuel. She explained: I asked Jehovah for him. The time came again for Elkanah and his family to go to Shiloh and offer to Jehovah the yearly sacrifice and the special sacrifice he promised. This time Hannah did not go. She told her husband: As soon as the child is weaned, I will take him to the Temple of Jehovah, where he will stay all his life. Elkanah answered: All right, do what seems best to you. Stay at home until you have weaned him. May Jehovah make your promise come true. So Hannah stayed at home and nursed her child. After she weaned him she took him to Shiloh. She also took a three-year-old bull, a bushel of flour, and a leather bag full of wine. She took Samuel, young as he was, to the Temple of Jehovah at Shiloh. First they slaughtered the bull. Then they took the child to Eli the priest. Hannah said to him: My lord. Do you remember me? I am the woman you saw standing here, praying to Jehovah. I asked him for this child. He gave me what I asked of him. So I am dedicating (giving) (granting) him to Jehovah. As long as he lives, he will belong to Jehovah. Then they worshiped Jehovah there.
Hannah prayed: My heart rejoices in Jehovah. My horn (strength) (power) is exalted in Jehovah. I speak against (mock) my enemies because I rejoice in your salvation. No one is as holy as Jehovah. There is none beside you. Neither is there any rock like our God. read more. Boast no more so proudly. Remove arrogance from your mouth. Jehovah is a God of knowledge, and he measures his actions (deeds). The bows of the mighty are broken. Those who stumbled are girded with strength. Those who were full have hired themselves out for food. The hungry have ceased to hunger. The barren has borne seven. She who has had many sons has languished. Jehovah kills and makes alive. He brings down to the grave and brings up. Jehovah takes away and He gives riches. He brings low and lifts up high. He raises the poor from the dust. He lifts up the needy from the dunghill to set them among the princes. He causes them to inherit a throne of glory (honor). The pillars of the earth are Jehovah's. He sets the world on them. He guards the feet of his holy ones. The wicked are silenced in darkness. Man will not prevail by strength. The adversaries of Jehovah will be broken to pieces. He thunders in the heavens against them. Jehovah will judge the ends of the earth. He will give strength to His king and exalt the horn (power) of His anointed. Elkanah went home to Ramah. The child served Jehovah before Eli the priest. The sons of Eli were corrupt. They did not know Jehovah. The priests had a custom with the people. If any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came while the flesh was boiling, with a fork of three teeth in his hand. He stuck it into the pan, kettle, caldron or pot. All that the flesh-hook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in Shiloh to all the Israelites that came there. Before they burned the fat the priest's servant came and said to the man who sacrificed: Give flesh to roast for the priest. For he will not have boiled flesh from you, but raw! If any man said to him: Let them burn the fat first, you may take as much as you desire. Then he would answer him, No! But you will give it now! If not, I will take it by force. The sin of the young men was very great before Jehovah. For men despised the offering of Jehovah. Samuel served before Jehovah as a child girded with a linen ephod. His mother made him a little robe. She brought it to him when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice. Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said: May Jehovah give you children from this woman for the loan made to Jehovah. They returned to their home. Jehovah visited Hannah so that she conceived. She bore three sons and two daughters. At the same time the child Samuel grew before Jehovah. Eli was very old. He heard everything his sons did to Israel. He heard how they slept with the women who served at the door of the tabernacle of meeting.
Eli was very old. He heard everything his sons did to Israel. He heard how they slept with the women who served at the door of the tabernacle of meeting. So he said to them: Why do you do such things? I hear of your evil dealings by all the people. read more. No, my sons. It is not a good report that I hear. You make Jehovah's people transgress. If one man sins against another, God will judge him. But if a man sins against Jehovah, who will intercede for him? But his sons did not listen to the voice of their father. Jehovah desired to put them to death. The child Samuel grew both in stature and in goodness with Jehovah and also with men. A man of God came to Eli. He said: Thus says Jehovah: 'Did I plainly appear to the house of your father when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh's house?
A man of God came to Eli. He said: Thus says Jehovah: 'Did I plainly appear to the house of your father when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh's house? Did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon my altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod in my presences me? Did I give to the house of your father all the offerings made by fire from the sons of Israel?
Did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to offer upon my altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod in my presences me? Did I give to the house of your father all the offerings made by fire from the sons of Israel? Why do you kick at my sacrifice and my offering, which I have commanded in my house? Do you honor your sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the best of all the offerings of Israel my people?'
Why do you kick at my sacrifice and my offering, which I have commanded in my house? Do you honor your sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the best of all the offerings of Israel my people?' Jehovah, the God of Israel says: 'I said indeed that your house and the house of your father should walk before me all the days of your life.' Now Jehovah says: Far be it from me. I will honor those who honor me. I will not regard those who think little of me.
Jehovah, the God of Israel says: 'I said indeed that your house and the house of your father should walk before me all the days of your life.' Now Jehovah says: Far be it from me. I will honor those who honor me. I will not regard those who think little of me. The days are coming when I will cut off your arm (reduce your strength) and the arm of your father's house. No old man shall be in your house!
The days are coming when I will cut off your arm (reduce your strength) and the arm of your father's house. No old man shall be in your house! You will see the enemy in my house even though God does good for Israel. There will not be an old man in your house forever.
You will see the enemy in my house even though God does good for Israel. There will not be an old man in your house forever. Yet I will keep one of your descendants alive. He will serve me as priest. But he will become blind and lose all hope. All your other descendants will die in the prime of life.
Yet I will keep one of your descendants alive. He will serve me as priest. But he will become blind and lose all hope. All your other descendants will die in the prime of life. Your two sons Hophni and Phinehas will both die on the same day. This will show you a sign that everything I have said will come true.
Your two sons Hophni and Phinehas will both die on the same day. This will show you a sign that everything I have said will come true. I will choose a priest who will be faithful to me and do everything I desire him to do. I will give him descendants, who will always serve in the presence of my anointed ones forever.
I will choose a priest who will be faithful to me and do everything I desire him to do. I will give him descendants, who will always serve in the presence of my anointed ones forever. Your descendants who survive will have to go to that priest and ask him for money and food, and beg to be allowed to help the priests, in order to have something to eat.'
Your descendants who survive will have to go to that priest and ask him for money and food, and beg to be allowed to help the priests, in order to have something to eat.'
When the boy Samuel was serving Jehovah under the direction of Eli, there were very few messages from Jehovah. Visions from him were rare.
When the boy Samuel was serving Jehovah under the direction of Eli, there were very few messages from Jehovah. Visions from him were rare. Eli was lying down in his usual place. His eyes became dim and he could not see. read more. The lamp of God went out in the Temple of Jehovah. Samuel was lying down where the Ark of God was. Jehovah called Samuel. He answered: Here am I. He ran to Eli and said: Here I am. You called me? I did not call you, Eli replied. Go back to bed. So Samuel went back to bed. Jehovah called Samuel again. Samuel got up, went to Eli, and said: Here I am. You called me. Eli responded: I did not call you, son. Go back to bed. Samuel had no experience with Jehovah, because the word of Jehovah had not yet been revealed to him. Jehovah called Samuel a third time. Samuel got up, went to Eli, and said: Here I am. You called me! Eli realized (discerned) that Jehovah was calling the boy. Go, lie down, Eli told Samuel. When he calls you, say: Speak Jehovah I am listening. So Samuel went back to bed in his room. Jehovah came and stood there. He called as he had called the other times: Samuel! Samuel! Samuel replied: Speak! Your servant is listening. Jehovah said to Samuel: I will do something in Israel that will make the ears of everyone who hears it tingle.
Jehovah said to Samuel: I will do something in Israel that will make the ears of everyone who hears it tingle. On that day I am going to do to Eli and his family everything I said from beginning to end. read more. I told him I would hand down a long lasting judgment against his household because he knew about his sons' sin. They were cursing God but he did not restrain them. I have taken an oath concerning Eli's family line. No offering or sacrifice will ever be able to make peace for the sins that Eli's family committed. Samuel remained in bed until morning. Then he opened the doors of Jehovah's house. But Samuel was afraid to tell Eli about the vision. Eli called Samuel and said: Samuel, my son. Here I am, he responded. What did Jehovah tell you? He asked. Please do not hide it from me. May God strike you dead if you hide anything he told you from me. Then Samuel told Eli everything. Eli replied: He is Jehovah! He will do what he thinks is right. Samuel grew up. Jehovah was with him and did not let any of his words go unfulfilled (fail). All Israel from Dan to Beersheba knew Samuel was Jehovah's appointed prophet. Jehovah continued to appear in Shiloh, since Jehovah revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh through the word of Jehovah. And Samuel spoke to all Israel.
Samuels words came to all Israel. Israel went out to battle against the Philistines. They camped near Ebenezer while the Philistines camped at Aphek. The Philistines deployed their troops to meet Israel in battle. The Philistines defeated Israel and killed about four thousand soldiers in the field. read more. The army of Israel retreated to their camp. The leaders of Israel asked: Why has Jehovah used the Philistines to defeat us today? Let us get the Ark of Jehovah's Covenant from Shiloh so that he may be with us and save us from our enemies. They sent men to Shiloh to bring back the Ark of the Covenant of Jehovah of Hosts who is enthroned over the angels. Eli's two sons, Hophni and Phinehas came along with God's ark. When Jehovah's Ark came into the camp, all Israel shouted so loudly that the earth shook. When the Philistines heard the noise, they asked: What is all this shouting in the Hebrew camp? The Philistines found out that Jehovah's ark was brought into the camp. Then they were frightened and said: A god has come into their camp. They also said: Oh no! Nothing like this has ever happened before. We are in trouble now! Who will deliver us from the power of these mighty gods? These are the gods who struck the Egyptians with plagues in the desert wilderness. Be strong, Philistines, and conduct your selves like men (with courage). Or else you will serve the Hebrews as they served you. Act like men and fight. The Philistines fought and defeated Israel. Every Israelite soldier fled to his tent. It was a major defeat in which thirty thousand Israelite foot soldiers died. The Ark of the Covenant was captured. Eli's two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, died. A man from the tribe of Benjamin ran all the way from the battlefield to Shiloh and arrived there the same day. To show his grief he had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head. Eli was very worried about the Ark of the Covenant. He sat besides the road staring. When the man spread the news throughout the town everyone cried out in fear. Eli heard the noise and asked: What is all this noise about? The man hurried to Eli to tell him the news. Eli was now ninety-eight years old and almost completely blind.
Eli was now ninety-eight years old and almost completely blind. The man said: I have escaped from the battle and ran all the way here today. Eli asked him: What happened, my son? read more. The messenger answered: Israel ran away from the Philistines. It was a great slaughter and a terrible defeat for us! Besides that, your sons Hophni and Phinehas were killed, and God's Ark of the Covenant was captured! When the man mentioned the Ark of God Eli fell backward from his seat beside the gate. He was so old and fat that the fall broke his neck and he died. He was a leader in Israel for forty years.
They laid the Ark of Jehovah on the cart, and the box with the mice of gold and the images of their tumors.
The Levites removed the cart the Ark of Jehovah and the box that contained the gold objects. They put them on the large rock. The people of Bethshemesh presented burnt offerings and sacrifices to Jehovah that day.
The Philistines sent the five gold tumors to Jehovah as a gift (guilt offering) to pay for their sins. They included one for each of the cities of Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron. They also sent gold mice, one for each of the cities ruled by the five Philistine kings, both the fortified towns and the villages without walls. The large rock in the field of Joshua of Bethshemesh, on which they placed the Ark of Jehovah's Covenant, is still there as a witness to what happened. read more. Some of the men of Bethshemesh looked inside the Ark. Jehovah killed seventy of them. This made the people of Bethshemesh very sad.
The people of Kiriath Jearim got the Ark and took it to Abinadab's house on a hill in their town. His son Eleazar took care of it.
The people of Kiriath Jearim got the Ark and took it to Abinadab's house on a hill in their town. His son Eleazar took care of it. It stayed there for twenty years. During this this long period of time everyone in Israel was very sad and begged Jehovah for help.
It stayed there for twenty years. During this this long period of time everyone in Israel was very sad and begged Jehovah for help. Samuel told the entire nation of Israel: If you return to Jehovah with all your hearts you must get rid of the foreign gods you have, including the statues of the goddess Astarte. You must dedicate your lives to Jehovah and serve him only. Then he will rescue you from the Philistines. read more. So the Israelites got rid of their idols of Baal and Astarte. They worshiped only Jehovah. Samuel called all the Israelites to meet at Mizpah. He told them: I will pray to Jehovah for you there. The Israelites gathered at Mizpah. They drew some water, poured it out in front of Jehovah and fasted that day. They confessed: We have sinned against Jehovah. So Samuel judged Israel in Mizpah. The Philistines heard that the Israelites gathered at Mizpah. So the Philistine rulers came to attack Israel. The Israelites heard about the Philistine plan and were afraid of them. The Israelites said to Samuel: Do not stop crying to Jehovah our God for us! Ask him to deliver us from the Philistines! Samuel killed a young lamb and burned it whole as a sacrifice to Jehovah. Then he prayed to Jehovah to help Israel. Jehovah answered his prayer. While Samuel was offering the burnt sacrifice, the Philistines moved forward to attack. Just then Jehovah thundered from heaven against them. They became completely confused and fled in panic. The Israelites marched out from Mizpah and pursued the Philistines and drove them back as far as Bethcar. They killed them along the way. Samuel took a stone and set it up between Mizpah and Shen. He said: Jehovah helped us all the way. He named it: Stone of Help. The Philistines were defeated. Jehovah prevented them from invading Israel's territory as long as Samuel lived.
Jehovah answered: Do what they want. Give them a king. Then Samuel told all the men of Israel to go back home.
Jehovah answered: Do what they want. Give them a king. Then Samuel told all the men of Israel to go back home.
There was a wealthy and influential man named Kish. He was from the tribe of Benjamin. He was the son of Abiel and grandson of Zeror. He belonged to the family of Becorath, a part of the clan of Aphiah. He had a son named Saul. Saul was a handsome young man in the prime of life. Saul was a foot taller than anyone else in Israel and more handsome as well.
Saul said: How can we talk to the prophet when I do not have anything to give him? We do not even have any food left in our sacks. What can we give him?
Formerly in Israel, when a person went to ask God a question, he would say: Come; let's go to the seer. This is because a prophet used to be called a seer.
After that you will come to Gibeah, the hill of God, where an armed force of the Philistines is stationed. When you come to the town, you will see a band of prophets coming down from the high place with instruments of music before them. They will be acting like prophets:
When you see these signs be sure to take what is offered to you. For God is with you. Go ahead of me to Gilgal. I will come to sacrifice burnt offerings and make fellowship offerings. Wait seven days until I come to tell you what to do. read more. When Saul tried to leave Samuel, God changed his mind. That day all these signs happened.
When Saul tried to leave Samuel, God changed his mind. That day all these signs happened. When Saul came to the hill a group of prophets came to meet him. God's Spirit came over him. He prophesied with them. read more. All those who knew him before saw how he prophesied with the prophets. They asked one another: What has happened to the son of Kish? Is Saul one of the prophets? A man from that place asked: Who is their father? So it became a proverb: Is Saul one of the prophets? When he finished prophesying he went to the worship site. Saul's uncle asked him and his servant: Where did you go? Saul answered: To look for the donkeys. When we could not find them, we went to Samuel. Saul's uncle said: Please tell me what Samuel said to you. He assured us the donkeys had been found, Saul answered his uncle. But Saul did not tell him what Samuel said about his becoming king.
He assured us the donkeys had been found, Saul answered his uncle. But Saul did not tell him what Samuel said about his becoming king.
Saul also went home to Gibeah. With him went some soldiers whose hearts God had touched. Some good-for-nothing people asked: How can this man save us? They despised him and would not bring him presents. He did not respond.
Saul took a pair of oxen, cut them in pieces, and sent them by messengers throughout the territory of Israel with the following message: This is what will be done to the oxen of anyone who does not follow Saul and Samuel into battle. The people were afraid of Jehovah. They came out united behind Saul. When Saul counted them at Bezek, there were three hundred thousand troops from Israel and thirty thousand troops from Judah.
The people asked Samuel: Who said: 'Saul should not rule us?' Let us have them, and we will kill them.' Saul said: No man is to be put to death today, for today Jehovah has saved Israel. read more. Then Samuel said to the people: Come to Gilgal. Let us make the kingdom strong in the hands of Saul.
Do not go after false gods and empty things. They cannot help you or save you. They are useless.
Saul was thirty years old when he became king. He was king of Israel forty-two years. Saul chose three thousand men from Israel. Two thousand of them were stationed with Saul at Michmash and in the mountains of Bethel. One thousand were stationed with Jonathan at Gibeah in Benjamin. He sent the rest of the people home. read more. Jonathan defeated the Philistine troops at Geba. The Philistines heard about it. With the sounding of the trumpet throughout the land, Saul announced: Let the Hebrews listen! All Israel listened as Saul told that he had defeated the Philistine troops. Now Israel has gone on the offensive against the Philistines. All the troops rallied behind Saul at Gilgal. The Philistines assembled to fight Israel. They had thirty thousand chariots, six thousand horsemen, and as many soldiers as the sand on the seashore. They camped at Michmash, east of Beth Aven. The Israelite army realized that they were outnumbered and were going to lose the battle. Some of the Israelite men hid in caves, thickets and rocks. Others hid in tombs or in deep dry pits. Some of them went to Gad and Gilead on the other side of the Jordan River. Saul stayed at Gilgal. His soldiers trembled with fear.
Some of them went to Gad and Gilead on the other side of the Jordan River. Saul stayed at Gilgal. His soldiers trembled with fear.
Some of them went to Gad and Gilead on the other side of the Jordan River. Saul stayed at Gilgal. His soldiers trembled with fear. They were starting to run off and leave him. Saul waited there seven days, just as Samuel had ordered him to do. But Samuel did not come.
They were starting to run off and leave him. Saul waited there seven days, just as Samuel had ordered him to do. But Samuel did not come. Saul commanded: Bring me some animals so we can offer sacrifices to please Jehovah. Then we can ask for his help. Saul slaughtered one of the animals,
Saul commanded: Bring me some animals so we can offer sacrifices to please Jehovah. Then we can ask for his help. Saul slaughtered one of the animals, and just as he was placing it on the altar, Samuel arrived. So Saul went out to welcome him.
and just as he was placing it on the altar, Samuel arrived. So Saul went out to welcome him. Samuel asked: What have you done? Saul replied: I saw the troops were scattering. You did not come when you said you would and the Philistines were assembling at Michmash.
Samuel asked: What have you done? Saul replied: I saw the troops were scattering. You did not come when you said you would and the Philistines were assembling at Michmash. So I thought the Philistines will come against me at Gilgal. I have not sought Jehovah's favor. I felt pressured into sacrificing the burnt offering.
So I thought the Philistines will come against me at Gilgal. I have not sought Jehovah's favor. I felt pressured into sacrificing the burnt offering. You did a foolish thing, Samuel told Saul. You did not follow the command of Jehovah your God. If you had, Jehovah would have established your kingdom over Israel from generation to generation (for a very long time).
You did a foolish thing, Samuel told Saul. You did not follow the command of Jehovah your God. If you had, Jehovah would have established your kingdom over Israel from generation to generation (for a very long time). Your kingdom will not last. Jehovah searched for a man after his own heart. Jehovah appointed him as ruler of his people. This is because you did not follow the command of Jehovah.
Your kingdom will not last. Jehovah searched for a man after his own heart. Jehovah appointed him as ruler of his people. This is because you did not follow the command of Jehovah. Samuel left Gilgal. The rest of the people followed Saul to meet the soldiers. They went from Gilgal to Gibeah in Benjamin. Saul counted the troops who were still with him. There were about six hundred men.
Samuel left Gilgal. The rest of the people followed Saul to meet the soldiers. They went from Gilgal to Gibeah in Benjamin. Saul counted the troops who were still with him. There were about six hundred men.
Samuel left Gilgal. The rest of the people followed Saul to meet the soldiers. They went from Gilgal to Gibeah in Benjamin. Saul counted the troops who were still with him. There were about six hundred men. Saul and his son Jonathan and the troops with them stayed at Geba (Gebeah) in Benjamin. The Philistines camped at Michmash. read more. Raiding parties left the Philistine camp in three companies. One company turned on the road to Ophrah to the region of Shual. Another company turned to the road to Beth Horon. Another turned onto the road toward the region that overlooks the valley of Zeboim and the desert.
Another company turned to the road to Beth Horon. Another turned onto the road toward the region that overlooks the valley of Zeboim and the desert. No blacksmith could be found in all of Israel. In this way the Philistines kept the Hebrews from making swords and spears.
No blacksmith could be found in all of Israel. In this way the Philistines kept the Hebrews from making swords and spears. Everyone in Israel had to go to the Philistines to sharpen the blade of his plow, his mattock, ax, or sickle.
Everyone in Israel had to go to the Philistines to sharpen the blade of his plow, his mattock, ax, or sickle. The charge for sharpening plowshares and for the mattocks, and for the mattocks, and for the three-pronged forks, and for the axes was a pim.
The charge for sharpening plowshares and for the mattocks, and for the mattocks, and for the three-pronged forks, and for the axes was a pim. So in the day of battle there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people with Saul and Jonathan. But with Saul and with his son Jonathan there was found sword and spear.
So in the day of battle there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people with Saul and Jonathan. But with Saul and with his son Jonathan there was found sword and spear.
Jonathan the son of Saul said to the young man who carried his armor: Come and let us go over to the Philistine outpost on the other side. He did not tell his father. Saul stayed on the edge of Gibeah under a pomegranate tree in Migron. There were about six hundred men with him. read more. Ahiah son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, son of Phinehas, son of Eli, Jehovah's priest in Shiloh, who was wearing an ephod were with him. The people did not know that Jonathan was gone. Johathan tried to go over to the Philistines garrison between the passes. There was a rocky crag on each side. The name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other crag was Seneh. One cliff was on the north side of the pass facing Michmash. The other was on the south side facing Geba. Jonathan said to the young man: Let us cross over to the camp of those heathen Philistines. Maybe Jehovah will help us. If he does, nothing can keep him from giving us the victory no matter how few of us there are. His armor bearer answered him: Do whatever you have in mind. Go ahead! I agree with you. We will do this, Jonathan said. We will go across so they can see us. If they agree to come to us down the hill and fight where we are, then we will not climb up to their camp. But we will go to them if they tell us to come up the hill and fight. That will mean Jehovah will help us win. So they let the Philistines see them. The Philistines said: Some Hebrews are coming out of the holes they were hiding in! They called out to Jonathan and the young man: Come up here! We have something to tell you! Jonathan said to the young man: Follow me, for Jehovah gives Israel victory over them. Jonathan climbed out of the pass on his hands and knees. The young man followed him. Jonathan attacked the Philistines and knocked them down. The young man killed them. In that first slaughter Jonathan and the young man killed about twenty men in an area of about half an acre. There was panic among the army in the field. All the troops in the military post trembled with fear. The raiding party also trembled in fear. The earth shook, and there was a panic sent from God. Saul's watchmen at Gibeah of Benjamin could see the crowd in the Philistine camp dispersing in all directions. Call the roll, Saul told the troops who were with him, See who has left our camp. They looked and found that Jonathan and his armor bearer were not there. Then Saul said to Ahijah: Bring the Ark of God here. At that time it was with the Israelites. While Saul was talking to the priest, the confusion in the Philistine camp grew worse. Then Saul said to the priest: Remove your hand. Saul and all the people with him came together and went forward to the battle. Every man's sword was turned against the man at his side. There was a very great noise. The Hebrews who had been with the Philistines for some time went to their camp. They joined the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan. All the men of Israel who had taken cover in the mountains of Ephraim, hearing that the Philistines had been put to flight chased them and attacked them. Jehovah made Israel safe that day. The battle shifted to Beth-aven. And all the people were with Saul. There were about twenty thousand men. The fight was general through all the mountains of Ephraim. Saul made a great error that day. He put the people under an oath, saying: Let that man be cursed who eats any food before evening. I have taken vengeance on my enemies. So the people did not eat. All the people came to the forest. There was honey on the ground. The bees had gone from it. When the people entered the woods, the honey was flowing. But no one put his hand to his mouth. The people were afraid of violating their oath. Jonathan had not heard that his father forced the people to take an oath. So he stretched out the tip of the staff he had in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb. When he put it to his mouth his eyes lit up. Then one of the people told him: Your father forced the people to take a solemn oath, saying: 'Cursed is anyone who eats food today.' That is why the people were exhausted. Jonathan answered: My father brought trouble to the country. See how my eyes lit up when I tasted a little of this honey? If only the people had eaten some of the enemies' food they found today. We would have killed more Philistines. That day they struck down the Philistines from Michmash to Aijalon, but the people were thoroughly exhausted. They grabbed the food they had captured from the Philistines and started eating. They even killed sheep and cows and calves right on the ground and ate the meat without draining the blood. Someone told Saul: The army is disobeying Jehovah by eating meat before the blood drains out. You are right, Saul answered. They are being unfaithful to Jehovah! Hurry! Roll a big rock over here. Then tell everyone in camp to bring their cattle and lambs to me. They can kill the animals on this rock and then eat the meat. That way no one will disobey Jehovah by eating meat with blood still in it. That night the people brought their cattle over to the big rock and killed them there. It was the first altar Saul had built for offering sacrifices to Jehovah. Saul said: Let us attack the Philistines again while it is still dark. We can fight them all night. Let us kill them and take everything they own! The people answered: We will do whatever you want. Ahijah the priest said: Wait! Let us ask God what we should do. Saul asked God: Should I attack the Philistines? Will you help us win? This time God did not answer. Saul called his army officers together and said: We have to find out what sin has kept God from answering. I promise by the living Jehovah, who gives Israel victory, that the guilty one will be put to death, even if he is my son Jonathan. But no one said anything. Then Saul said to them: All of you stand over there. Jonathan and I will stand over here. Do whatever you think best, they answered. Saul said to Jehovah the God of Israel, give a perfect lot. Jonathan and Samuel were taken, but the people escaped. Then Saul said: Cast lots to decide between my son Jonathan and me. And Jonathan was indicated. Then Saul asked Jonathan: What have you done? Jonathan answered: I ate a little honey with the stick I was holding. Here I am. I am ready to die. Saul said: May God strike me dead if you are not put to death! But the people said to Saul: Will Jonathan, who won this great victory for Israel, be put to death? No! We promise by the living Jehovah that he will not lose even a hair from his head. What he did today was done with God's help. So the people saved Jonathan from being put to death. After that, Saul stopped pursuing the Philistines. The Philistines went back to their own territory. After Saul became king of Israel, he fought all his enemies everywhere: the people of Moab, of Ammon, and of Edom, the kings of Zobah, and the Philistines. He was victorious wherever he fought. He fought heroically and defeated even the people of Amalek. He saved the Israelites from all attacks. Saul's sons were Jonathan, Ishvi, and Malchishua. The names of his two daughters were Merab the firstborn daughter and Michal the younger daughter. The name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam daughter of Ahimaaz. The name of the commander of his army was Abner son of Saul's uncle Ner. Kish, Saul's father and Ner, Abner's father, were the sons of Abiel. There was intense warfare with the Philistines as long as Saul lived. Whenever any warrior or any skilled fighting man came to Saul's attention, Saul would enlist him in the army.
The Israelites were on their way out of Egypt when the nation of Amalek attacked them. I am Jehovah All-Powerful. I am going to make Amalek pay for what he did to Israel! Go and attack the Amalekites! Destroy them and all their possessions. Do not have any pity. Kill their men, women, children, and even their babies. Slaughter their cattle, sheep, camels, and donkeys.' read more. Saul called his forces together and inspected them at Telem. There were two hundred thousand soldiers from Israel and ten thousand from Judah. Then he and his men went to the city of Amalek. They waited in ambush in a dry riverbed. He sent a warning to the Kenites, a people whose ancestors had been kind to the Israelites when they came from Egypt: Go away and leave the Amalekites. That way I will not kill you along with them. So the Kenites left. Saul defeated the Amalekites. He fought all the way from Havilah to Shur, east of Egypt. He captured King Agag of Amalek alive and with the sword he killed all the people. Saul and his men spared Agag's life and did not kill the best sheep and cattle, the best calves and lambs, or anything else that was good. They destroyed only what was useless or worthless. Jehovah spoke to Samuel: I am sorry that I made Saul king. He has turned away from me and disobeyed my commands. Samuel was angry. All night long he pleaded with Jehovah. Early the following morning he went off to find Saul. He heard that Saul had gone to the town of Carmel. There in Carmel he built a monument to himself. Then he went to Gilgal. Samuel went up to Saul. Saul said: Jehovah bless you, Samuel! I have obeyed Jehovah's command. Samuel asked: Why do I hear the sound of cows and sheep? Saul answered: The army brought them from the Amalekites. They spared the best sheep and cows to sacrifice to Jehovah your God. But the rest they claimed for God and destroyed them. Be quiet, Samuel told Saul, Let me tell you what Jehovah told me last night. Speak, Saul replied. Samuel said to Saul: You are little in your own eyes. Even though you are a leader of all of the tribes of Israel that Jehovah anointed king over Israel. Jehovah sent you on a mission. He said: Go and destroy those sinners, the Amalekites. Fight against them until every one is dead. Why then did you not obey the voice of Jehovah? Why did you pounce on the plunder? Why did you do evil in the sight of Jehovah? Then Saul said to Samuel: I did obey the voice of Jehovah. I went on the mission Jehovah sent me. I brought back Agag the king of Amalek. I have utterly destroyed the Amalekites. The people took from the plunder of the flock the best of the sheep and cattle to sacrifice to Jehovah your God in Gilgal. Samuel said: What is more pleasing to Jehovah, burnt offerings and sacrifices or your obedience to his voice? Obeying is better than sacrifice. To pay attention is better than the fat of rams. The sin of divination is rebellion. Wickedness and idolatry are arrogance. They are evil. Because you rejected the word of Jehovah, he rejects you as king. Then Saul told Samuel: I have sinned by not following Jehovah's command or your instructions. I was afraid of the people and listened to them. But now I beg you, forgive my sin and return with me, so that I can worship Jehovah. I will not return with you, Samuel answered. You rejected Jehovah's command. He has rejected you as king of Israel. Samuel turned to leave, but Saul caught hold of his cloak, and it tore. Samuel said to him: Jehovah has torn the kingdom of Israel away from you today. He gave it to someone who is a better man than you. The Glory of Israel does not lie or change his mind. He is not a mortal who changes his mind. Saul replied: I have sinned! Now please honor me in front of the elders of my people and in front of Israel. Come back with me. Let me worship Jehovah your God! Then Samuel turned and followed Saul. Saul worshiped Jehovah. Bring me King Agag of the Amalekites, Samuel said. Agag came to him trembling. Surely, the bitterness of death is past, Agag said.
Jehovah said to Samuel: How long will you mourn for Saul? After all I have rejected him from being king over Israel? Take oil in your vessel and go. I will send you to Jesse, the Beth-lehemite. I have a king from among his sons.
Jehovah said to Samuel: How long will you mourn for Saul? After all I have rejected him from being king over Israel? Take oil in your vessel and go. I will send you to Jesse, the Beth-lehemite. I have a king from among his sons. How can I go? Samuel asked. When Saul hears about it he will kill me Jehovah said: Take a heifer with you and say: 'I have come to sacrifice to Jehovah.' read more. Then invite Jesse to the sacrifice. I will reveal to you what you should do. You will anoint the one I point out to you. Samuel did what Jehovah told him. When he came to Bethlehem the elders of the city trembled at his coming. They greeted him and said: May peace be with you. Greetings, he replied, I have come to sacrifice to Jehovah. Perform the ceremonies to make yourselves holy, and come with me to the sacrifice. He performed the ceremonies for Jesse and his sons and invited them to the sacrifice. When they entered he looked at Eliab and thought: Surely Jehovah's anointed is before Him. But Jehovah said to Samuel: Do not look at his appearance or at the height of his stature. I have rejected him. God does not see as man sees. Man looks at the outward appearance. Jehovah looks at the heart (inner man). Jesse called Abinadab and made him pass before Samuel. Samuel said: Jehovah has not chosen this one either. Next Jesse made Shammah pass by. He said: Jehovah has not chosen this one either. So Jesse brought seven more of his sons to Samuel, but Samuel told Jesse: Jehovah has not chosen any of these. Are these all the sons you have? Samuel asked. There is still the youngest one, Jesse answered. He is tending sheep. Samuel responded: Send someone to get him. We will not continue until he gets here. Jesse sent for him. He was a handsome, healthy young man, and his eyes sparkled. Jehovah said to Samuel: This is the one. Anoint him! Samuel took the olive oil and anointed David in front of his brothers. Immediately the Spirit of Jehovah took control of David and was with him from that day on. Then Samuel returned to Ramah. Jehovah's Spirit left Saul, and a distressing spirit sent by Jehovah tormented him. His servants said to him: We know that a distressing spirit sent by God is tormenting you. So give us the order and we will look for a man who knows how to play the harp. Then when the distressing spirit comes on you, the man can play his harp, and you will be all right again. Saul ordered: Find me a man who plays well and bring him to me.
Saul ordered: Find me a man who plays well and bring him to me. One of his attendants said: Jesse of the town of Bethlehem has a son who is a good musician. He is also a brave and handsome man, a good soldier, and an able speaker. Jehovah is with him. read more. Saul sent a message to Jesse: Tell your son David to leave your sheep and come here to me. Jesse loaded a donkey with bread and a goatskin full of wine. He told David to take the donkey and a young goat to Saul. David went to Saul and worked for him. Saul liked him so much that he put David in charge of carrying his weapons. Not long after this, Saul sent another message to Jesse: I really like David. Please let him stay with me. Whenever the distressing spirit from God bothered Saul, David would play his harp. Saul would relax and feel better. The distressing spirit would go away.
David was a son of a man named Jesse from the region of Ephrath and the city of Bethlehem in Judah. Jesse had eight sons. In Saul's day he was an old man.
When Saul saw David going out against the Philistine, he asked Abner the commander of the army: Abner, whose son is this young man? Abner said: By your life, O king, I do not know.
So David did everything Saul sent him to do successfully. Saul made him a commander in his army. This pleased the people and Saul's servants. David returned from a campaign against the Philistines. That same day women from all of Israel's cities came to meet King Saul. They sang and danced. Tambourines, joyful music, and triangles accompanied them. read more. The women who celebrated sang: Saul has defeated thousands but David tens of thousands! Saul became very angry because he considered this saying to be insulting. He said: To David they credit tens of thousands but to me they credit only a few thousand. The only thing left for David is my kingdom. He was jealous and suspicious of David from that day on. The next day Jehovah let a distressing spirit take control of Saul. He began acting like a crazy man inside his house. David came to play the harp for Saul as usual. This time Saul had a spear in his hand. Saul balanced the spear in his hand and said: I will give David a blow! I will pin him to the wall. David got away from him twice.
Saul's daughter Michal fell in love with David. When Saul heard of this he was pleased. He said to himself: I will give Michal to David. I will use her to trap him. The Philistines will kill him. So for the second time Saul said to David: You will be my son-in-law.
He said to himself: I will give Michal to David. I will use her to trap him. The Philistines will kill him. So for the second time Saul said to David: You will be my son-in-law. Saul ordered his officials to speak to David in private. They went to David and said: Look, the king likes you, and all of his officials are loyal to you. Why not ask the king if you may marry his daughter Michal? read more. Saul's servants said these things to David. And David said: I am not rich or famous enough to marry Princess Michal. Saul's servants told him: David asked, do you think it is easy to become the king's son-in-law? I am a poor and unimportant person. When the officers told Saul what David had said, Saul's officials reported to David what Saul had said. David was delighted with the thought of becoming the king's son-in-law. Before the day set for the wedding, David and his men killed two hundred Philistines. He took their foreskins to the king and counted them all out to him. This was so he might become his son-in-law. So Saul had to give his daughter Michal in marriage to David. Saul knew she loved David. He also realized that Jehovah was helping David. Knowing those things made Saul even more afraid of David. He was David's enemy for the rest of his life. The Philistine rulers kept coming to fight Israel. David always won when he fought them. He won more battles against the Philistines than any of Saul's other officers. This made him famous.
Saul told Jonathan his son and all his servants to kill David. But Jonathan was very fond of David. Jonathan told David: My father Saul is seeking to kill you. Please be on guard in the morning, and stay in a secret place and hide yourself.
Jonathan spoke well of David to his father Saul. You should not commit a sin against your servant David, he said. He has not sinned against you. He has in fact done some very fine things for you. He risked his life and killed the Philistine Goliath. Jehovah gave all Israel a great victory. You rejoiced when you saw it. Why should you sin by shedding David's innocent blood for no reason? read more. Jonathan convinced Saul, so Saul made a vow in Jehovah's name that he would not kill David. Jonathan called to David and told him what Saul said. Then he brought David to Saul. David served in Saul's army just as he had done before.
Jonathan called to David and told him what Saul said. Then he brought David to Saul. David served in Saul's army just as he had done before. Then there was a war with the Philistines. David fought hard and forced them to retreat. read more. One night, David was in Saul's home, playing the harp for him. Saul sat there with a spear in his hand. The distressing spirit from Jehovah took control of him. Saul tried to pin David to the wall with his spear. David dodged it, and Saul's spear struck the wall. David escaped from Saul that night. Saul sent messengers to watch David's house and kill him in the morning. Michal, David's wife advised him: If you do not save yourself tonight, you will be dead tomorrow! Michal lowered David through a window. He ran away to escape. Then Michal took some idols, laid them in the bed, put a goat-hair blanket at its head, and covered the idols with a garment.
Then Michal took some idols, laid them in the bed, put a goat-hair blanket at its head, and covered the idols with a garment. Saul sent messengers to get David. Michal said: He is sick. read more. Then Saul sent messengers to see David. They said: Bring him up to me on his bed. I will put him to death. The messengers entered. There, on the bed was the household idol with the quilt of goats' hair at its head. Saul said to Michal: Why have you deceived me like this? You let my enemy go. He has escaped! Michal said to Saul: He said to me: 'Let me go! Why should I kill you?' David escaped to Samuel at Ramah. He told him all that Saul had done to him. He and Samuel stayed in Naioth.
David escaped to Samuel at Ramah. He told him all that Saul had done to him. He and Samuel stayed in Naioth. Saul was told: David is at Naioth in Ramah. read more. Saul sent messengers to get David. They saw a group of prophets prophesying with their leader Samuel. God's Spirit came over Saul's messengers so that they also prophesied. Saul heard what happened. So he sent another group of messengers, but they prophesied the same way. He sent a third group of messengers, but the same thing happened to them. Finally, Saul left for Ramah himself. He went as far as the deep pit at the town of Secu. He asked: Where are Samuel and David? The people answered: At Prophets Village in Ramah. He went on from there to Naioth in Ramah. The spirit of God came on him and he acted like a prophet. Then he arrived at Naioth in Ramah. He even took off his clothes as he prophesied in front of Samuel. He lay there naked all day and all night. The saying: Is Saul one of the prophets? came from there.
David fled from the pastures at Ramah. He went to Jonathan and asked: What have I done? What crime am I guilty of? What sin have I committed against your father that he tries to kill me? He said to him: It will not happen. You will not die! My father does nothing either great or small without disclosing it to me. So why should my father hide this thing from me? It is not so! read more. David again said: Your father has certainly known that I have found favor in your eyes. He said: Do not let Jonathan know this, that he not be grieved. And yet, as Jehovah lives, and you live, there is only a step between death and me. Jonathan said: I will do anything you want. Tomorrow is the New Moon Festival, David replied, and I am supposed to eat with the king. But if it is all right with you, I will go and hide in the fields until the evening of the day after tomorrow. If your father notices that I am not at the table, tell him that I begged your permission to hurry home to Bethlehem. It is after all the time for the annual sacrifice there for my whole family. If he says: 'It is well. I will be safe.' But if he becomes angry, you will know that he is determined to harm me. Therefore deal kindly with your servant. You brought your servant into a covenant of Jehovah with you. But if there is iniquity in me kill me yourself. Why should you take me to your father?' Jonathan replied: Far be it from you! For if I should indeed learn my father decided to bring evil on you then would I not tell you about it? David asked: Who will tell me whether or not your father gives you a harsh answer? Jonathan said: Let us go out to the field. So they went to the field. As Jehovah God of Israel is my witness, Jonathan continued, I will find out in the next two or three days how my father feels about you. If he does feel kindly toward you I will send someone to tell you. If my father plans to harm you and I do not send you away safely, may Jehovah harm me even more. Jehovah should be with you just as he used to be with my father. Someday Jehovah will wipe out all of your enemies. Then if I am still alive, please be as kind to me as Jehovah has been. But if I am dead, be kind to my family. Show the same kind of loyalty to my family as long as you live. When Jehovah has completely destroyed all your enemies, May our promise to each other still be unbroken. If it is broken, Jehovah will punish you. Once again Jonathan made David promise to love him. Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself. Jonathan said to him: Tomorrow is the New Moon Festival. Your absence will be noticed if you are not at the meal. The day after tomorrow you will be missed even more. So go to the place where you hid on that other occasion. Stay by the rock. I will shoot three arrows at a target off to the side of the rock. Then I will send my servant to find the arrows. You will know if it is safe to come out by what I tell him. If it is safe, I swear by the living God Jehovah that I will say: 'The arrows are on this side of you! Pick them up! If it is not safe, I will say to the boy: The arrows are farther away! This will mean that Jehovah wants you to leave. You must go. He will always watch us to make sure that we keep the promise we made to each other.' David hid there in the field. It was the New Moon Festival. Saul sat down to eat. He ate by the wall, just as he always did. Jonathan sat across from him. Abner sat next to him. But David's place was empty. Saul was in deep thought. So he did not say anything that day. Something must have happened to make David unfit to be at the Festival. Yes, something must have happened. David's place was still empty the day after the New Moon Festival. Saul asked Jonathan: Why has that son of Jesse not come to eat with us? He was not here yesterday, and he still is not here today! Jonathan answered Saul: David earnestly asked permission of me to go to Bethlehem. David said to me: 'Please let me go, since our family must make a sacrifice in the city. My brother has commanded me to attend. If I have found favor in your sight, please let me get away that I may see my brothers.' For this reason he has not come to the king's table.' Saul got angry with Jonathan and he said, You are Son of a crooked and rebellious woman Jonathan! I know you have sided with Jesse's son, Saul accused. You have no shame. You act as if you are your mother's son not mine. As long as Jesse's son lives on earth, neither you nor your right to be king is secure. Send some men to bring him to me. He is a dead man! Jonathan asked his father: Why should he be killed? What has he done? Saul threw his spear at Jonathan and tried to kill him. Then Jonathan was sure that his father really did want to kill David. Jonathan was angry that his father had insulted David. He got up and left the table. He did not eat anything all that day. In the morning Jonathan went out to the field to meet David. He took a servant boy along. Jonathan told him: When I shoot the arrows, you run and find them for me. The boy started running, and Jonathan shot an arrow so that it would go beyond him. When the boy reached the place where the arrow fell Jonathan shouted to him: The arrow is farther on! Do not just stand there! Hurry up! The boy picked up the arrow and returned to his master. The boy did not know what it all meant. Only Jonathan and David knew. Jonathan gave his weapons to the boy and told him to take them back to town. After the boy left, David got up from behind the pile of stones. He fell on his knees and bowed with his face to the ground three times. Both he and Jonathan cried as they kissed each other. David's grief was even greater than Jonathan's. Jonathan said to David: God be with you. Jehovah will make sure that you and I, and your descendants and mine, will keep the sacred promise we have made to each other for as long as we live. Then David left and Jonathan went back to town.
David went to the priest Ahimelech at Nob. Ahimelech was afraid when he met David. Why are you alone? He asked David. Why is no one with you? The king ordered me to do something, David answered the priest Ahimelech, and he told me: No one must know anything about this mission I am sending you to do. I have stationed my young men at a certain place.
David kept running from Saul that day until he came to Gath. There he met with King Achish. The officers of King Achish were also there. They asked Achish: Is David a king back in his own country? Do the Israelites not dance and sing: 'Saul has killed a thousand enemies; David has killed ten thousand enemies?' read more. David thought about what they said. It made him afraid of Achish. Right there in front of everyone, he pretended to be insane. He acted confused and scratched up the doors of the town gate. He drooled in his beard. Look at him! Achish said to his officers. You can see he is crazy. Why did you bring him to me? I have enough crazy people without your bringing another one here. Keep him away from my palace!
David escaped from the town of Gath and he went to Adullam Cave. Once they found out where he was his brothers and the rest of his family followed him there. A lot of other people joined him too. Some were in trouble. Others were angry or in debt. David was soon the leader of four hundred men. read more. David went from there to Mizpah in Moab. He said to the king of Moab: Please let my father and my mother come and stay with you until I know what God will do for me. He left them with the king of Moab. So they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold.
He left them with the king of Moab. So they stayed with him all the time that David was in the stronghold.
Saul heard that David and his men were found. Saul stayed in Gibeah under the tamarisk tree at the worship site. He held his spear in his hand. All his officials stood around him. He said to his officials: Listen to me men of Benjamin! Will Jesse's son give every one of you fields and vineyards? Will he make you all officers over a regiment or a battalion of soldiers? read more. All of you are plotting against me. No one informed me when my son entered into a loyalty pledge with Jesse's son. No one felt sorry for me. And no one informed me that my son has encouraged my servant David to ambush me, as he is doing now. Doeg from Edom, standing with Saul's officials, answered him: I saw Jesse's son when he came to Ahimelech, Ahitub's son, in Nob. Ahimelech prayed to Jehovah for David. He gave him food and the sword of Goliath the Philistine.
Ahimelech prayed to Jehovah for David. He gave him food and the sword of Goliath the Philistine. Then the king sent for the priest Ahimelech son of Ahitub's and his entire family who were the priests in Nob. All of them came to the king. read more. Saul said: Listen here, son of Ahitub! He responded: Here I am lord. Saul asked him: Why did you and Jesse's son plot against me? You gave him bread and a sword. You even prayed to God that he could rise up against me and ambush me, as he is doing now. Ahimelech asked the king: But whom among all your officials can you trust like David? Your Majesty, he is your son-in-law, the commander of your bodyguard. He is honored in your own household. Is this the first time I have prayed to God for him? Not at all! You should not blame my family or me for this. I knew nothing at all about this. The king said: Ahimelech, you and your entire family are going to die. The king said to the guards who were attending him: Turn around and kill the priests of Jehovah! They are also with David. They knew that he was fleeing and did not reveal it to me. But the servants of the king were not willing to lift a hand to attack the priests of Jehovah. The king said to Doeg: You turn around and attack the priests. Doeg the Edomite turned around and attacked the priests. That day he killed eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod.
Ahimelech, Ahitub's son had one son who escaped. His name was Abiathar. He fled to David.
When Ahimelech's son Abiathar fled to David at Keilah, Abiathar brought a priestly ephod with him. When Saul was told that David went to Keilah, Saul said: God has delivered him into my hands. He has trapped himself by going into a city which has a gate with a double door held shut by a bar. read more. So Saul called all the troops to go to war. They wanted to blockade Keilah, where David and his men were. David learned that Saul was planning to harm him. He told the priest Abiathar: Bring the ephod! Then David said: Jehovah God of Israel, I have actually heard that Saul is going to come to Keilah and destroy the city on account of me. Will the citizens of Keilah hand me over to him? Will Saul come here as I have heard? Jehovah God of Israel, please tell me. Jehovah answered: He will come. Will the citizens of Keilah hand my men and me over to Saul? David asked. Jehovah answered: They will hand you over.
David lived in fortified camps in the desert. He lived in fortified camps in the mountains of the desert of Ziph. Saul was always searching for him. But God did not let him capture David.
Some people from the town of Ziph went to Saul at Gibeah. They said: Your Majesty, David has a hideout not far from us! It is near Horesh. It is somewhere on Mount Hachilah south of Jeshimon.
Some people from the town of Ziph went to Saul at Gibeah. They said: Your Majesty, David has a hideout not far from us! It is near Horesh. It is somewhere on Mount Hachilah south of Jeshimon.
Some people from the town of Ziph went to Saul at Gibeah. They said: Your Majesty, David has a hideout not far from us! It is near Horesh. It is somewhere on Mount Hachilah south of Jeshimon. We know how much you want to capture him. Come to our territory and we will make sure you catch him.
I know now you will be the next king. You will be a powerful king too. Promise me with Jehovah as your witness, that you will not destroy my descendants. Let them live to keep my family name alive. read more. David promised and Saul went home. David and his men returned to their hideout.
Samuel died. All Israel gathered to mourn him. They buried him at his home in Ramah. Then David went to the desert of Paran.
Samuel died. All Israel gathered to mourn him. They buried him at his home in Ramah. Then David went to the desert of Paran. There was a man in Maon whose business was in Carmel. He was a very rich man. He had three thousand sheep and one thousand goats. He sheared his sheep in Carmel.
Some people from Ziph went to Gibeah to talk with Saul, they said: David has a hideout on Mount Hachilah near Jeshimon out in the desert.
Please let my lord the king listen to the words of his servant. If Jehovah has stirred you up against me, let Him accept an offering. If it is men, cursed are they before Jehovah. They have driven me out today so that I would have no attachment with the inheritance of Jehovah, saying: 'Go serve other gods.'
David thought to himself: One of these days Saul will kill me. The best thing for me to do is escape to Philistia. Saul will give up looking for me in Israel. Then I will be safe.
David thought to himself: One of these days Saul will kill me. The best thing for me to do is escape to Philistia. Saul will give up looking for me in Israel. Then I will be safe.
After Samuel died all the Israelites mourned for him. They buried him in his hometown of Ramah. Saul forced all the fortunetellers and mediums to leave Israel.
Samuel said to Saul: Why have you disturbed me? Why did you make me come back? Saul answered: I am in great trouble! The Philistines are at war with me. God has abandoned me. He does not answer me any more by prophets or by dreams. Please tell me what to do. Samuel said: Why do you call me when Jehovah has abandoned you and become your enemy? read more. Jehovah did to you what he told you through me. He took the kingdom away from you and gave it to David instead. You disobeyed Jehovah's command and did not completely destroy the Amalekites. That is why Jehovah is doing this to you. He will give you and Israel over to the Philistines. Tomorrow you and your sons will join me. Jehovah will also give the army of Israel over to the Philistines.
The Amalekites also captured David's two wives, Ahinoam from Jezreel and Abigail, Nabal's widow, from Carmel.
David rescued his two wives. They rescued everyone else the Amalekites captured at Ziklag.
They buried the bones under a small tree in Jabesh. Then for seven days, they went without eating to show their sorrow.
David asked: How do you know that Saul and Jonathan are dead? He answered: I was on Mount Gilboa. I saw Saul leaning on his spear. The chariots and cavalry of the enemy closed in on him. read more. He looked my way and called me. I said: 'Yes here I am.' He asked: 'Who are you.' I told him I was an Amalekite. Then he said: 'Come here and kill me! I am badly wounded and about to die.' I went up to him and killed him. I knew that he would die anyway as soon as he fell. Then I took the crown from his head and the bracelet from his arm. Here, I have brought them to you.
David asked the young man who brought him the news: Where are you from? He answered: I am an Amalekite, son of a foreign resident. David asked: Why were you not afraid to take it upon yourself to destroy Jehovah's (YHWH) anointed king? read more. David called one of the young men and said: Execute him! So he struck him and he died. David said to him: Your blood is on your head. Your mouth has testified against you. For you admit that you killed Jehovah's anointed.
Later David asked Jehovah: Shall I go to the towns of Judah? Yes, Jehovah answered. Which one? David asked. Hebron, Jehovah told him.
However, Asahel would not turn back. So Abner struck him in the stomach with the back end of his spear. The spear went all the way through and came out of his back. Asahel fell down and died. Everyone who saw Asahel lying dead just stopped and stood still.
The fighting continued between David's forces and the forces loyal to Saul's family. Abner became more and more powerful among Saul's followers.
Joab and his brother Abishai took revenge and murdered Abner for killing their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon.
All the elders of Israel came to King David at Hebron. He made a sacred alliance with them. They anointed him, and he became king of Israel.
All the elders of Israel came to King David at Hebron. He made a sacred alliance with them. They anointed him, and he became king of Israel. David was thirty years old when he became king. He ruled for forty years.
David was thirty years old when he became king. He ruled for forty years. In Hebron he ruled Judah for seven years and six months. In Jerusalem he ruled for thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.
In Hebron he ruled Judah for seven years and six months. In Jerusalem he ruled for thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah. The king and his men went to Jerusalem to attack the Jebusites, who lived in that region. The Jebusites told David: You will never get in here. Even the blind and the lame could turn you away. In other words he could not enter there.
The king and his men went to Jerusalem to attack the Jebusites, who lived in that region. The Jebusites told David: You will never get in here. Even the blind and the lame could turn you away. In other words he could not enter there. However, David captured the fortress Zion, that is, the City of David.
However, David captured the fortress Zion, that is, the City of David. That day David said: Whoever wants to defeat the Jebusites must reach the lame and the blind that hate me by using the water tunnel. So there is a saying: The blind and the lame will not get into the palace.
That day David said: Whoever wants to defeat the Jebusites must reach the lame and the blind that hate me by using the water tunnel. So there is a saying: The blind and the lame will not get into the palace. David lived in the fortress and called it the City of David. He built the city of Jerusalem around it from the stronghold (citadel) to the palace. read more. David continued to grow more powerful because Jehovah God of Hosts was with him. King Hiram of Tyre sent some officials to David. Carpenters and stone workers came with them. They brought cedar logs so they could build a palace for David. David knew that Jehovah made him king of Israel and that he had made him a powerful ruler for the good of his people. David left Hebron and moved to Jerusalem. He married many women from Jerusalem, and he had a lot of children. The following are the names of his sons born in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon, Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet. The Philistines heard that David was now king of Israel. They mobilized all their forces to capture him. But David found out and went into his fortress. So the Philistines camped in Rephaim Valley. David asked Jehovah: Shall I attack the Philistines? Will you hand them over to me? Jehovah answered David: Attack! I will certainly deliver the Philistines to you. David went to Baal Perazim and defeated the Philistines. He said: Jehovah has overwhelmed my enemies in front of me like an overwhelming flood. That is why that place is called Baal Perazim (Master of Breaking Through) The Philistines left their idols there. David and his men carried them all away. The Philistines again attacked and overran the valley of Rephaim. Once again David consulted Jehovah. Jehovah answered David: Do not attack them from here. Go around and get ready to attack them from the other side, near the balsam trees. Attack when you hear the sound of marching in the treetops. I will be marching ahead of you to defeat the Philistine army.
I will allow no one to take his long lasting kingdom away from him. He will be the one to build a temple for me.
For this reason you are great, O Sovereign Lord Jehovah. There is none like you. There is no God besides you according to all that we have heard with our ears.
Then he set up military camps in their territory. They became his subjects and paid taxes to him. Jehovah made David victorious everywhere.
King David also took a large quantity of copper from Betah and Berothai, Hadadezer's cities. Soon King Toi of Hamath heard that David had defeated Hadadezer's entire army. read more. He sent his son Joram to greet King David and congratulate him for fighting and defeating Hadadezer. There had often been war between Hadadezer and Toi. Joram brought articles of gold, silver, and copper with him. King David dedicated these articles to Jehovah, along with the silver and gold he dedicated from all the nations he conquered.
King David dedicated these articles to Jehovah, along with the silver and gold he dedicated from all the nations he conquered. These nation included: Edom, Moab, Ammon, the Philistines, Amalek, and from the goods taken from Zobah's King Hadadezer, son of Rehob.
These nation included: Edom, Moab, Ammon, the Philistines, Amalek, and from the goods taken from Zobah's King Hadadezer, son of Rehob. David made a name for himself by killing eighteen thousand Edomites in the Dead Sea region as he returned to Jerusalem. read more. He put troops everywhere in Edom. All the Edomites were David's subjects. Everywhere David went Jehovah gave him victories.
Joab the son of Zeruiah was the commander in chief of the army. Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud kept the government records. Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Abiathar the son of Ahimelech, were the priests. Seraiah was the secretary. read more. Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was the commander of David's bodyguard. David's sons were priests.
One day, David thought: I wonder if any of Saul's family is still alive. If they are I will be kind to them. This is because I made a promise to Jonathan.
Who killed Jerubbesheth's son Abimelech? Did a woman on the wall of Thebez throw a small millstone at him and kill him? Why did you go so close to the wall? If the king asks this, tell him: 'Your man Uriah the Hittite is also dead.'
You are that man! Nathan said to David. And this is what the Lord Jehovah the God of Israel says: 'I made you king of Israel and rescued you from Saul. I gave you his kingdom and his wives. Then I made you king over Israel and Judah. If this had not been enough, I would have given you twice as much.
In every generation some of your descendants will die a violent death because you have disobeyed me and have taken Uriah's wife. I swear to you that I will cause someone from your own family to bring trouble to you. You will see it when I take your wives from you and give them to another man. He will have intercourse with them in broad daylight. read more. You did this secretly. I will make this happen in broad daylight in front of all Israel.'
The servant forced her to leave. He locked the door behind her. The king's unmarried daughters used to wear long robes with sleeves.
Absalom ran away to Geshur. He stayed there for three years with King Talmai the son of Ammihud.
No one in all Israel was praised for his good looks as much as Absalom was. He had no blemish from head to toe.
No one in all Israel was praised for his good looks as much as Absalom was. He had no blemish from head to toe. From time to time, he used to cut his hair because it became heavy for him. When he cut the hair on his head and weighed it, it weighed five pounds according to the king's standard. read more. Absalom had three sons and one daughter. His daughter Tamar was a beautiful woman.
David called the troops that were with him. He appointed commanders in charge of regiments and battalions. David assigned a third of the troops under Joab's command. He put another third under Joab's brother Abishai son of Zeruiah. Then he placed the last third under Ittai from Gath. I am going into battle with you, the king said to the troops. read more. You must not go with us, they answered. It will not make any difference to the enemy if the rest of us turn and run. It will not matter even if half of us are killed. But you are worth ten thousand of us. It will be better if you stay here in the city and send us help. I will do what you think best, the king answered. Then he stood by the side of the gate as his men marched out in units of a thousand and of a hundred. The king ordered Joab, Abishai, and Ittai: Treat the young man Absalom gently for my sake. All the troops heard him give the commanders this order regarding Absalom. So the troops went to the country to fight Israel in the forest of Ephraim.
I will not waste any more time with you, Joab said. He took three spears and plunged them into Absalom's chest while he was still alive and hanging in the oak tree.
Joab ordered the trumpet blown to stop the fighting. His troops came back from pursuing the Israelites.
During his lifetime Absalom built a monument for himself in King's Valley. He had no son to keep his name alive. So he named it after himself. To this day it is known as Absalom's Monument.
Joab was in command of the army of Israel. Benaiah son of Jehoiada was in charge of David's bodyguards. Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor. Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was in charge of the records. read more. Sheva was the court secretary. Zadok and Abiathar were the priests. And Ira, a descendant of Jair, was a priest to David.
The Gibeonites were not a part of Israel but were left over from the Amorites. The Israelites swore to spare them. Saul, in his eagerness, tried to destroy them for Israel and Judah. The king called the Gibeonites. He asked them: What can I do for you? What shall I give you to make peace with you so that you will bless what belongs to Jehovah?
David made a promise to Jonathan with Jehovah as his witness. He spared Jonathan's son Mephibosheth, the grandson of Saul.
There was another battle with the Philistines at Gob. Elhanan son of Jair from Bethlehem killed Goliath from Gath. Goliath's spear had a shaft as thick as the bar on a weaver's loom.
These four were descendants of Haraphah from Gath. David and his men killed them.
These are the last words of David: Here is the declaration by David, son of Jesse. The declaration by the man whom God raised up, whom the God of Jacob anointed, the singer of Israel's psalms:
But with a sharp spear. They are burned on the spot.'
David was on a fortified hill. A group of Philistines occupied Bethlehem.
He was honored over the rest of the Thirty Warriors. But he was not equal to the first three. David made him in charge over the fighting men who kept him safe.
Jehovah became angry at Israel again. He provoked David to turn against Israel. He said: Go count the people of Israel and Judah.
Jehovah became angry at Israel again. He provoked David to turn against Israel. He said: Go count the people of Israel and Judah. King David said to Joab the commander of the army: Go throughout the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba and count the people. That way I will know how many there are. read more. Joab answered reluctantly: Your Majesty, may Jehovah your God make the people of Israel a hundred times more numerous than they are now. May you live to see him do it. But why does Your Majesty want to do this? The king made Joab and his officers obey his order. They left his presence and went out to count the people of Israel. They crossed the Jordan and camped south of Aroer, the city in the middle of the valley, in the territory of Gad. Then they went north to Jazer. They went to Gilead and to Kadesh in Syria. Then they went to Dan (Dan-jaan), Ijon, and on toward Sidon. They came to the fortress of Tyre. They went through every town of the Hivites and the Canaanites. Finally, they went to Beersheba in the Southern Desert of Judah. After they went through the whole land, they went back to Jerusalem. It took them nine months and twenty days. Joab told David: In Israel there is eight hundred thousand who can serve in the army. In Judah there are five hundred thousand. After David had everyone counted, he felt guilty and told Jehovah: What I did was stupid and terribly wrong. Jehovah, please forgive me. When David got up in the morning, Jehovah spoke his word to the prophet Gad, David's seer. Go tell David: 'This is what Jehovah says: I offer you three choices. Choose the one you want me to do to you.' Gad told David the three choices as follows: Seven years of famine could come to you and your land. You could flee from your enemies as they pursue you for three months. Or there could be a three-day plague in your land? Think it over, and decide what answer I should give the one who sent me. I am in a desperate situation, David told Gad. Please let us fall into Jehovah's hands because he is very merciful. But do not let me fall into human hands. So Jehovah sent a plague among the Israelites from that morning until the time he had chosen. Of the people from Dan to Beersheba, seventy thousand died. When the angel stretched out his arm to destroy Jerusalem, Jehovah changed his mind about the disaster. Enough! He said to the angel who was destroying the people. Put down your weapon. The angel of Jehovah was at the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. David saw the angel who had been killing the people. He said to Jehovah: I have sinned. I have done wrong. What have these sheep done? Please let your punishment be against me and against my father's family. Gad came to David and said: Go, set up an altar for Jehovah at Araunah the Jebusite's threshing floor. David obeyed Jehovah's command and went as Gad had told him to. Araunah saw David and his soldiers coming toward him. He went over to David and bowed down low, and said: My lord the king! Why have you come to see me? David answered: I came to buy your threshing place. I have to build Jehovah an altar here, so this disease will stop killing the people. Araunah said: Take what you want and offer your sacrifice. Here are some cattle for the sacrifice. You can use the threshing-boards and the wooden yokes for the fire.
Now King David was old and advanced in years. They put covers over him but he could not get warm.
He was king of Israel for forty years. He ruled seven years in Hebron and thirty-three years in Jerusalem.
Smith
Samuel, Books of,
are not separated from each other in the Hebrew MSS., and, from a critical point of view, must be regarded as one book. The present, division was first made in the Septuagint translation, and was adopted in the Vulgate from the Septuagint. The book was called by the Hebrews: "Samuel," probably because the birth and life of Samuel were the subjects treated of in the beginning of the work. The books of Samuel commence with the history of Eli and Samuel, and contain all account of the establishment of the Hebrew monarchy and of the reigns of Saul and David, with the exception of the last days of the latter monarch which are related in the beginning of the books of Kings, of which those of Samuel form the previous portion. [KINGS, B00KS OF] Authorship and date of the book,--
See Kings, First and Second Books of
1. As to the authorship. In common with all the historical books of the Old Testament, except the beginning of Nehemiah, the book of Samuel contains no mention in the text of the name of its author. It is indisputable that the title "Samuel" does not imply that the prophet was the author of the book of Samuel as a whole; for the death of Samuel is recorded in the beginning of the 25th chapter. In our own time the most prevalent idea in the Anglican Church seems to have been that the first twenty-four chapters of the book of Samuel were written by the prophet himself, and the rest of the chapters by the prophets Nathan and Gad. This, however, is doubtful.
2. But although the authorship cannot be ascertained with certainty, it appears clear that, in its present form it must have been composed subsequent to the secession of the ten tribes, B.C. 975. This results from the passage in
wherein it is said of David, "Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah to this day:" for neither Saul, David nor Solomon is in a single instance called king of Judah simply. On the other hand, it could hardly have been written later than the reformation of Josiah, since it seems to have been composed at a time when the Pentateuch was not acted on as the rule of religious observances, which received a special impetus at the finding of the Book of the Law at the reformation of Josiah. All, therefore, that can be asserted with any certainty is that the book, as a whole, can scarcely have been composed later than the reformation of Josiah, and that it could not have existed in its present form earlier than the reign of Rehoboam. The book of Samuel is one of the best specimens of Hebrew prose in the golden age of Hebrew literature. In prose it holds the same place which Joel and the undisputed prophecies of Isaiah hold in poetical or prophetical language.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Achish immediately gave him Ziklag. This is why Ziklag still belongs to the kings of Judah today.