Reference: Ceiling
American
The ancients took great pains to ornament the ceilings of their best apartments; making them sometimes of a sort of wainscoting, in squares or complicated figures; and sometimes of a fine plaster with beautiful moldings, tinted and relieved by gilding, small mirrors, etc., 1Ki 6:15; 2Ch 3:5; Jer 22:14.
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Easton
the covering (1Ki 7:3,7) of the inside roof and walls of a house with planks of wood (2Ch 3:5; Jer 22:14). Ceilings were sometimes adorned with various ornaments in stucco, gold, silver, gems, and ivory. The ceilings of the temple and of Solomon's palace are described 1Ki 6:9,15; 7:3; 2Ch 3:5,9.
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Smith
Ceiling.
The descriptions of Scripture,
1Ki 6:9,15; 7:3; 2Ch 3:5,9; Jer 22:14; Hag 1:4
and of Josephus, show that the ceilings of the temple and the palaces of the Jewish kings were formed of cedar planks applied to the beams or joists crossing from wall to wall. "Oriental houses seem to have been the reverse of ours, the ceiling being of wood, richly ornamented, and the floor of plaster or tiles."