aromatic substances, of which several are named in Ex 30. They were used in the sacred anointing oil (Ex 25:6; 35:8; 1Ch 9:29), and in embalming the dead (2Ch 16:14; Lu 23:56-24:1; Joh 19:39-40). Spices were stored by Hezekiah in his treasure-house (2Ki 20:13; Isa 39:2).

basam. Not pungent, as pepper, ginger, etc., but aromatic woods, seeds, or gums (Song 6:2; 5:1). Balsam or balm of Gilead, Amyris opobalsamum; a tropical plant that grew in the plains of Jericho and the hot valleys of southern Palestine. KJV translated not basam, but tseri or tsori, "balm". (See BALM.) The balm of Gilead tree is not more than 15 ft. high, with straggling branches and scanty foil age. The balsam is procured from the bark by incision, and from the green and ripe berries.

The nekoth, "spicery" Ge 37:25, is the storax or gum of the styrax tree (Speaker's Commentary). Arabic nekaat, the gum exuding from the tragacanth (astragalus); when exposed to the air it hardens into lumps or worm-like spires (Smith's Bible Dictionary). In 2Ki 20:13 margin, "house of spicery" expresses the original design of the house; but it was used ultimutely for storing Hezekiah's other "precious things." Sammim, a general term for aromatics used in preparing the holy anointing oil. Certain Levites especially "oversaw the frankincense and spices" (1Ch 9:29-30). Myrrh and aloes were among the spices wrapped with Jesus' body (Joh 19:39-40; compare also 2Ch 16:4; Mr 16:1; Lu 23:56; 24:1).

These were much used in the East, and were of different kinds. See the various names by which they are designated, as myrrh, aloes, cassia, galbanum, stacte, etc.