Reference: Offerings, The
Morish
The sacrifices described in the O.T. show the ground and means of approach to God. They are all typical, having no intrinsic value, but they foreshadowed Christ, who, as antitype, fulfilled them all. The principal offerings are four: the Burnt offering, the Meat offering, the Peace offering, and the Sin offering, with which the Trespass offering may be associated. This is the order in which they are given in the opening chapters of Leviticus, where we have their significance presented from God's side, beginning with Christ in devotedness to God's glory even unto death, and coming down to the need of guilty man. If the question be of a sinner's approach to God, the sin offering must necessarily come first: the question of sin must be met for the conscience before the one who approaches can be in the position of a worshipper.
The offerings, in one respect, divide themselves into two classes, namely, the sweet-savour offerings, presented by worshippers, and the sin offerings, presented by those who having sinned needed to be restored to the position of worshippers. But even in the sin offering the fat was burnt on the brazen altar, and it is once said to be for a sweet savour (Le 4:31), thus forming a link with the burnt offering. The sweet-savour offerings represent Christ's perfect offering of Himself to God, rather than the laying of sins on the substitute by Jehovah.
The various kinds and the sex of the animals presented in the sin offerings are proportioned to the measure of responsibility in Lev. 4, and to the offerer's ability in Lev. 5. Thus the priest or the whole congregation for a sin offering had to bring a bullock, but a goat or a lamb sufficed for one of the people. In the sweet-savour offerings the offerer was left free to choose a victim, and the different value of the animals offered gave evidence to the measure of appreciation of the sacrifice: thus if a rich man brought a sheep instead of a bullock, it would show that he undervalued the privileges within his reach.
The blood was sprinkled and poured out: it might not be eaten; the blood was the life, and God claimed it: cf. Le 17:11. The fat of the offerings was always to be burnt, for it represented the spontaneous and energetic action of the heart of Christ godward. Ps 40:7-8. Leaven, which always signifies what is human and hence evil (for if the human element is introduced into and works in the things of God it is evil), might never be burnt on the altar to God, nor be in any of the offerings except in one special form of the meat offering (Le 23:16-21), and in the bread accompanying a peace offering. Le 7:13. Honey was forbidden in the meat offering, as denoting mere human sweetness. Salt was to be added to the meat offering and used in the corbans. Le 2:13; Eze 43:24. Salt is preservative and gives a savour. Nu 18:19; 2Ch 13:5; Col 4:6. The breast of the victim may be taken as emblematic of love, and the shoulder of strength.
The principal Hebrew words used in reference to the offerings are:
1. Olah, Alah, from 'to make to ascend.' Translated burnt offering.
2. Minchah, from 'a present, gift, oblation.' Translated meat offering. Others prefer to translate it meal offering.
3. Shelem, from 'to be whole, complete,' to be at peace, in friendship with any one. Translated peace offering. The ordinary form is plural, and may be rendered 'prosperities offering.'
4. Chattath, from 'to sin.' Constantly translated sin offering.
5. Asham, from 'to be guilty.' Translated trespass offering.
6. Tenuphah, from 'to lift up and down, wave.' Translated wave offering.
7. Terumah, from 'to be lifted up.' Translated heave offering.
As to the burning of the sacrifices different Hebrew words are employed. Besides the word alah, mentioned above, the word qatar is commonly used for burning on the altar: it signifies 'to burn incense,' 'to fumigate.' But where the carcase of the sin offering was burnt, the word used is saraph, which signifies 'to burn up, consume.' Thus what ascends as a sweet savour is distinguished from what is consumed under the judgement of God.
THE BURNT OFFERING. This is typical of Christ presenting Himself according to the divine will for the accomplishment of the purpose and maintenance of the glory of God where sin was taken account of. In the type the victim and the offerer were essentially distinct, but in Christ the two were necessarily combined. The burnt offering, where not specifically prescribed, was brought for a man's acceptance. The expression "of his own voluntary will " in Le 1:3 is better translated, "He shall offer it for his acceptance." The victim might be a male of the herd, or a sheep or a goat of the flock, or be turtle doves or young pigeons, according to the ability of the offerer, or the appreciation he had of the offering. These offerings were different in degree, but the same in kind. The male is the highest type of offering: no female is mentioned in the burnt offering.
After the offerer had laid his hands on the victim, he killed it (except in the case of birds, which the priest killed). From Leviticus 1 it would appear that the offerer also flayed it, cut it in pieces, and washed the inward parts and legs in water; but the expressions can be taken in an impersonal sense, 'Let it be flayed,' etc., and these acts may have been done by the priests or the Levites. (The Levites flayed the sacrifices in 2Ch 29:34, when the priests were too few.) The priest sprinkled the blood round about upon the altar, and, except the skin which was the priest's, the whole of the animal was burnt as a sweet savour on the altar. It made atonement for the offerer, who found acceptance in its value. It was typical of Christ's perfect offering up of Himself, being tested in His inmost parts by the searching fire of divine judgement. Lev. 1. (This aspect of the cross is seen in such passages as Php 2:8; Joh 10:14-17; 13:31; 17:4; Ro 5:18, etc.)
Leviticus 6 gives the law of the burnt offering. "It is the burnt offering because of the burning upon the altar all night unto the morning, and the fire of the altar shall be burning in it . . . . it shall not be put out." This refers to the morning and evening lambs; they formed a perpetual burnt offering. Ex 29:38-41. It is to be remarked that it was "all night unto the morning" (although it was perpetual), doubtless to point out that Christ is for Israel ever a sweet savour to God, even during the present period of Israel's darkness and forgetfulness. Aaron had to put on his linen garments to remove the ashes from the altar to 'the place of ashes' beside the altar: he then changed his dress and carried the ashes outside the camp. The ashes were the proof that the sacrifice had been completely accepted (Ps 20:3, margin. In 'the morning' Israel will know that their acceptance and blessing is through the work of their Messiah on the cross. The daily sacrifice was offered by the priest as acting for the whole nation, and presented typically the ground of its blessings and privileges. Hence faith made much of it. Ezr 3:3; Da 8:11,13,26; 9:27.
THE MEAT OFFERING. In Lev. 2 the intrinsic character of this offering is given, though in offering the burnt offering a meat offering was added. Here was no blood-shedding, and consequently no atonement. The burnt offering typified the Lord Jesus in devotedness to death; the meat offering represents Him in His life
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Jacob will set up a pillar in the place which God spake with him; a pillar of stone: and he will pour out upon it a libation, and he will pour out upon it oil
And one round of bread, and one cake of fat bread, and one thin cake from the basket of the unleavened that is before. Jehovah. And put all upon the hands of Aaron and upon the hands of his sons; and lift them up a waving before Jehovah. read more. And thou shalt take them from their hand and burn upon the altar upon the burnt-offering for a smell of sweet odor before Jehovah: this a sacrifice to Jehovah. And take the breast from the ram of completion which is to Aaron, and lift up a waving before Jehovah: and it was to thee for a portion. And consecrate the breast of the waving and the shoulder of the offering, which shall be lifted up, and which is lifted up from the ram of fulness from that to Aaron, and from that to his sons. And it was to Aaron and to his sons for a law forever from the sons of Israel: for it is an offering; and it shall be an offering from the sons of Israel from the sacrifices of peace their offerings to Jehovah.
This which thou shalt do upon the altar; two he lambs the sons of a year for the day continually. The one he lamb thou shalt do in the morning; and the second he lamb thou shalt do between the two evenings. read more. A tenth of fine flour mixed with beaten oil, the fourth of an hin, and a libation, the fourth of an hin of wine, for the one he lamb.
A tenth of fine flour mixed with beaten oil, the fourth of an hin, and a libation, the fourth of an hin of wine, for the one he lamb. And the second he lamb thou shalt do between the two evenings, according to the sacrifice of the morning, and according to its libation, thou shalt do it for a smell of sweet odor, a sacrifice to Jehovah.
And the second he lamb thou shalt do between the two evenings, according to the sacrifice of the morning, and according to its libation, thou shalt do it for a smell of sweet odor, a sacrifice to Jehovah.
If a burnt-offering, his sacrifice from the oxen, a blameless male: they shall bring it near to the door of the tent of appointment; he shall bring it near according to his will before Jehovah.
And every offering of thy gift, thou shalt salt with salt; and thou shalt not cause the salt of the covenant of thy God to cease from thy gift: upon every offering of thine thou shalt bring near salt
And all the fat he will take away, as the fat shall be taken away from the sacrifice of peace; and the priest burnt upon the altar, for an odor of sweetness to Jehovah: and the priest shall expiate for him, and it shall be forgiven to him.
And all the fat he will take away, as the fat shall be taken away from the sacrifice of peace; and the priest burnt upon the altar, for an odor of sweetness to Jehovah: and the priest shall expiate for him, and it shall be forgiven to him.
And when a soul shall sin, and he heard the voice of an oath, and he a witness, if he saw or knew; if he shall not announce, he bore his sin. Or when a soul shall touch upon any unclean thing, if upon a carcase of an unclean beast, or upon the carcase of unclean cattle, or upon the carcase of an unclean creeping thing, and it was hidden from him: and he is unclean and guilty. read more. Or when he shall touch upon the uncleanness of man, for all uncleanness which he shall be unclean in it, and it was hidden from him; and he shall know, and be guilty. Or when a soul shall swear to talk idly with his lips for evil, or for good, for all which the man shall talk idly with an oath, and it was hid from him; and he shall know, and be guilty for one from these. And it was when he shall be guilty for one from these, and he shall confess that he sinned upon it And he brought his trespass to Jehovah for his sin which he sinned, a female from the sheep, a lamb or she goat of the goats, for the sin; and the priest expiated for him from his sin,
And he brought his trespass to Jehovah for his sin which he sinned, a female from the sheep, a lamb or she goat of the goats, for the sin; and the priest expiated for him from his sin, And if his hand shall not reach the sufficiency of a sheep, and he brought his trespass which he sinned, two turtledoves, or two sons of a dove, to Jehovah; one for the sin, and one for the burnt-offering.
And if his hand shall not reach the sufficiency of a sheep, and he brought his trespass which he sinned, two turtledoves, or two sons of a dove, to Jehovah; one for the sin, and one for the burnt-offering. And he brought them to the priest, and he brought near that for the sin first, and broke off its head from the front of its neck; and he shall not divide.
And he brought them to the priest, and he brought near that for the sin first, and broke off its head from the front of its neck; and he shall not divide. And he sprinkled from the blood of the sin upon the wall of the altar; and that remaining of the blood he shall press out at the foundation of the altar: it is sin.
And he sprinkled from the blood of the sin upon the wall of the altar; and that remaining of the blood he shall press out at the foundation of the altar: it is sin. And the second he shall make a burnt-offering according to the judgment: and the priest expiated for him from his sin which he sinned, and it was forgiven to him. read more. And if his hand shall not reach to the two turtle-doves, or to the two sons of a dove; and he brought his offering who sinned, the tenth of the ephah of fine flour for the sin; he shall not put oil upon it, and he shall not give frankincense upon it; for it is sin. And he brought it to the priest, and the priest pressed from it his hand full, its memorial, and burnt upon the altar for sacrifices to Jehovah: it is sin. And the priest shall expiate for him for his sin which he sinned, from one from these; and it was forgiven to him: and it was to the priest for a gift.
And this the law of the gift: the sons of Aaron bringing it before Jehovah, before the altar. And he took up from it his handful from the fine flour of the gift, and from its oil, and all the frankincense which is upon the gift, and he burnt upon the altar, an odor of sweetness, a remembrance to Jehovah. read more. And the remainder from it Aaron and his sons shall eat: unleavened shall it be eaten in the holy place; in the enclosure of the tent of appointment they shall eat it It shall not be cooked leavened. I gave it their portion from my sacrifices. It is holy of holies, as the sin and the trespass. Every male of the sons of Aaron shall eat it A law forever for your generations, from the sacrifices of Jehovah; all which touch upon them shall be holy.
And this the law of the sacrifice of peace which he shall bring to Jehovah. If for praise he shall bring it, and he brought with the sacrifice of praise, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and thin unleavened cakes anointed with oil, and fine flour dipped, cakes mixed in oil. read more. With the cakes, leavened bread he shall bring, an offering upon the sacrifice of praise of his peace.
With the cakes, leavened bread he shall bring, an offering upon the sacrifice of praise of his peace. And he brought from it one from all the offering an oblation to Jehovah, for the priest sprinkling the blood of peace, to him it shall be. read more. And the flesh of the sacrifice of praise of his peace, in the day of his offering shall be eaten; he shall not leave from it till morning. And if a vow or a voluntary gift, the sacrifice of his offering in the day he brought it, his sacrifice it shall be eaten; and from the morrow that remaining from it shall be eaten. And the remainder from the flesh of the sacrifice in the third day shall be burnt in fire. And if eating, he shall eat from the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace in the third day, it shall not be accepted; he bringing it near, it shall not be imputed to him: it shall be an abomination, and the soul eating from it shall bear its iniquity. And the flesh which shall touch upon any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt in fire: and of all clean flesh, the flesh shall be eaten. And the soul which shall eat the flesh of the sacrifice of peace which to Jehovah, and his uncleanness upon him, that soul was cut off from its people. And when a soul shall touch upon anything unclean, upon the uncleanness of man, or upon unclean cattle, or upon any abominable unclean thing, and eat from the flesh of the sacrifice of peace, which is to Jehovah, that soul was cut off from its people.
And Jehovah will speak to Moses, saying, Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, He bringing near the sacrifice of his peace to Jehovah, shall brine his offering to Jehovah from the sacrifice of his peace. read more. His hands shall bring the sacrifices of Jehovah: the fat upon the breast he shall bring it, the breast to lift it up a waving before Jehovah.
His hands shall bring the sacrifices of Jehovah: the fat upon the breast he shall bring it, the breast to lift it up a waving before Jehovah. And the priest burnt the fat upon the altar: and the breast was to Aaron and to his sons.
And the priest burnt the fat upon the altar: and the breast was to Aaron and to his sons. And the right leg ye shall give an oblation to the priest from the sacrifices of your peace.
And the right leg ye shall give an oblation to the priest from the sacrifices of your peace. And he bringing near the blood of the peace, and the fat, from the sons of Aaron, to him shall be the right leg for a portion.
And he bringing near the blood of the peace, and the fat, from the sons of Aaron, to him shall be the right leg for a portion. For the breast of the waving and the leg of the oblation, I took from the sons of Israel from the sacrifices of peace, and I will give them to Aaron the priest, and to his sons for a law forever, from the sons of Israel.
For the breast of the waving and the leg of the oblation, I took from the sons of Israel from the sacrifices of peace, and I will give them to Aaron the priest, and to his sons for a law forever, from the sons of Israel.
For the soul of the flesh it is in the blood; and I gave it to you upon the altar to expiate for your souls: for the blood shall expiate for the soul.
Till from the morrow of the seventh Sabbath, shall ye number fifty days; and ye brought a new gift to Jehovah. From your dwellings shall ye bring two loaves lifted up, of two tenths of fine flour shall they be; leavened shall they be, baked, the first-fruits to Jehovah.
From your dwellings shall ye bring two loaves lifted up, of two tenths of fine flour shall they be; leavened shall they be, baked, the first-fruits to Jehovah. And ye brought upon the bread seven blameless lambs, the sons of a year, and one bullock, the son of a cow, and two rams: they shall be a burnt-offering to Jehovah, and their gift and their libations, a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah. read more. And ye did one he goat of the goats for sin, and two lambs the sons of a year, for a sacrifice of peace. And the priest lifted them up upon the bread of the first-fruits, a lifting up before Jehovah upon the two lambs: they shall be holy to Jehovah for the priest And ye called in this self-same day a holy calling of Jehovah to you: any work of labor ye shall not do: a law forever in all your dwellings for your generations.
And in the eighth day he shall bring two turtle-doves, or two sons of the dove to the priest, to the door of the tent of appointment: And the priest did the one for sin, and one for a burnt-offering, and he expiated for him for what he sinned for the soul, and he consecrated his head in that day. read more. And he consecrated to Jehovah the day of his consecration, and he brought a lamb, the son of a year, for trespass: and the former days shall fall because his consecration was defiled.
And Jehovah will speak to Moses, saying, Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them, When ye shall come into the land of your dwellings, which I give to you, read more. And ye did a sacrifice to Jehovah, a burnt-offering or a sacrifice to separate a vow, or in willingness, or in your assemblies, to make an odor of sweetness to Jehovah, from the oxen or from the sheep: And he bringing near, brought near his offering to Jehovah, a gift of fine flour, the tenth mingled with the fourth of the bin of oil. And wine for a libation, the fourth of the hin, thou shalt do upon the burnt-offering or to the sacrifice for the one lamb. Or to the ram thou shalt do a gift of fine flour, two tenths mingled with oil, the third of the hin. And wine for a libation the third of the hin, thou shalt bring an odor of sweetness to Jehovah. And when thou shalt do the son of a cow, a burnt-offering or sacrifice to separate a vow, or peace to Jehovah: And he brought upon the son of a cow a gift of fine flour, three tenths mingled with oil, half the bin. And wine thou shalt bring for a libation, half the hin, a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah. Thus shall it be done to the one bullock or to the one ram, or to the sheep with the lambs, or with the goats.
All the offerings of the holy things which the sons of Israel shall lift up to Jehovah, I gave to thee, and to thy sons, and to thy daughters with thee, for a law forever: it a covenant of salt forever before Jehovah to thee, and to thy seed with thee.
And a clean man gathered up the ashes of the heifer, and put without the camp in a clean place, and it shall be to the assembly of the sons of Israel for a preservation for a water of uncleanness: it is sin.
And they took for the unclean from the dust of the burning of sin, and living water was given upon it into a vessel:
And its libation, the fourth of an hin for the one lamb in the holy place: pouring out a libation, a strong drink to Jehovah.
And their libations shall be half of the hin for the bullock, and the third of the hin for the ram; and the fourth of the hin of wine for the lamb: this the burnt-offering of the month in its month, for the months of the year.
Only the priests were for fewness and they could not slaughter all the burnt-offerings: and their brethren the Levites will strengthen them till the finishing of the work, and till the priests shall consecrate themselves: for the Levites being upright of heart to consecrate themselves more than the priests.
And they will prepare the altar upon its foundations; for in the terror upon them from the people of the lands: and they will bring up burnt-offerings upon it to Jehovah, burnt-offerings for morning and for evening.
He will remember all thy gifts, and he will make fat thy burnt-offerings. Silence.
Then I said, Behold, I came: in the volume of the book it was written concerning me. To do thine acceptance, O my God, I delighted; and thy law in the midst of my bowels.
And bring them near before Jehovah, and the priests cast salt upon them, and they brought them up a burnt-offering to Jehovah.
And even to the chief of the army was he magnified, and from him the continuance was lifted up, and the foundation of his holy place was cast down.
And I shall hear one holy one speaking, and one holy one will say to a certain one, speaking, How long the vision of the continuance, and the transgression laying waste, to be? and the holy place and the army being trodden down?
And the sight of the evening and the morning which was said, it is truth: and shut thou up the vision; for, for many days.
And he made strong the covenant to many one week: and half the week he shall cause the sacrifice and gift to cease, and upon the wing of abominations laying waste, even to the completion, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolation.
For all shall be salted with fire, and every sacrifice shall be salted with salt.
I am the good shepherd, and I know mine, and am known by mine. As the Father knows me, I also know the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep. read more. And I have, other sheep, which are not of this court-yard: and I must also bring them, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one flock, and one shepherd. Therefore does my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again.
I honoured thee upon earth: I finished the work which thou hast given me that I should do.
Therefore as by the fall of one for all men to condemnation; so also by the justification of one for all men to justification of life.
I Beseech you therefore, brethren, by the compassions of God, to present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, pleasing to God, your reasonable service.
The cup of praise which we praise, is it not the mutual participation of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the mutual participation of the body of Christ?
And found in fashion as man, he humbled himself, being obedient until death, and the death of the cross.
But if also I am poured out upon the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice, and rejoice together with you all.
And I have all, and abound: I have been filled, having received from Epaphroditus the things from you, a smell of sweet odor, a sacrifice acceptable, pleasing to God.
Your word always in grace, Seasoned with salt, to know how it is fitting for you to answer one another.
By him therefore we should always bring up the sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit of the lips assenting to his name. And the doing good and mutual participation forget not; for with such sacrifices God is well pleased.
And ye yourselves are built, as living stones, a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to bring up spiritual sacrifice; acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.
If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.
In this have we known love, for he set his soul for us: and we ought to set the souls for the brethren.