Reference: Crystal
American
The same Hebrew word is rendered by our translators, crystal, Eze 1:22; frost, Ge 31:40; and ice, Job 6:16. The word primarily denotes ice; and the name is given to a perfectly transparent and glass-like gem, from its resemblance, Job 28:17; Re 4:6; 21:11.
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Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep fled from mine eyes.
Which are black by reason of the ice, And wherein the snow hideth itself:
Gold and glass cannot equal it, Neither shall it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.
And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above.
and before the throne, as it were a sea of glass like a crystal; and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, four living creatures full of eyes before and behind.
having the glory of God: her light was like unto a stone most precious, as it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal:
Easton
(Eze 1:22, with the epithet "terrible," as dazzling the spectators with its brightness). The word occurs in Re 4:6; 21:11; 22:1. It is a stone of the flint order, the most refined kind of quartz. The Greek word here used means also literally "ice." The ancients regarded the crystal as only pure water congealed into extreme hardness by great length of time.
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And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above.
and before the throne, as it were a sea of glass like a crystal; and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, four living creatures full of eyes before and behind.
having the glory of God: her light was like unto a stone most precious, as it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal:
And he showed me a river of water of life, bright as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb,
Fausets
zekukith, from zaakak, "to be pure." Job 28:17; "the gold and the crystal cannot equal wisdom." Glass is meant, some costly goblet composed of glass and gold, such as Wilkinson says the Egyptians made (Ancient Egyptians 2:61). Kerach, literally, ice, the ancients believing rock crystal to be ice intensely congealed. In Eze 1:22, "the likeness of the firmament was as the terrible (rather Splendid, dazzling) crystal" (Re 4:6; 21:11).
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Gold and glass cannot equal it, Neither shall it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.
Gold and glass cannot equal it, Neither shall it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.
And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above.
And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above.
and before the throne, as it were a sea of glass like a crystal; and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, four living creatures full of eyes before and behind.
and before the throne, as it were a sea of glass like a crystal; and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, four living creatures full of eyes before and behind.
having the glory of God: her light was like unto a stone most precious, as it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal:
having the glory of God: her light was like unto a stone most precious, as it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal:
Hastings
Morish
1. zekukith, Job 28:17: probably glass highly ornamented, such as was made in Egypt: it is here classed with gold; but wisdom, the gift of God, far exceeds such things in value.
2. qerach, ice, and so frequently translated. The firmament over the living creature was "as the colour of the terrible crystal." Eze 1:22.
3. ?????????? John saw a sea of glass like unto crystal, Re 4:6; the water of life and the jasper stone were seen 'clear as crystal.' Re 22:1. The ancient glass may have been 'clear' in the sense of not having spots and blemishes, without its being wholly transparent.
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Gold and glass cannot equal it, Neither shall it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.
And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above.
and before the throne, as it were a sea of glass like a crystal; and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, four living creatures full of eyes before and behind.
And he showed me a river of water of life, bright as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb,
Smith
Crystal,
the representative in the Authorized Version of two Hebrew words.
1. Zecucith occurs only in
where "glass" probably is intended.
2. kerach occurs in numerous passages in the Old Testament to denote "ice," "frost," etc.; but once only
as is generally understood, to signify "crystal." The ancients supposed rock-crystal to be merely ice congealed by intense cold. The similarity of appearance between ice and crystal caused no doubt the identity of the terms to express these substances. The Greek word occurs in
It may mean either "ice" or "crystal."
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Gold and glass cannot equal it, Neither shall it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.
And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above.
and before the throne, as it were a sea of glass like a crystal; and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, four living creatures full of eyes before and behind.
And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth are passed away; and the sea is no more.
Watsons
CRYSTAL, ???. This word is translated "crystal" in Eze 1:22; and "frost," Ge 31:40; Job 37:10; Jer 36:30; and "ice," Job 6:16; 38:29; Ps 147:17; ??????????, Re 4:6; 22:1. Crystal is supposed to have its name from its resemblance to ice. The Greek word, ??????????, is formed from ?????, ice, and ???????????, to concrete. The word, ??????, is translated crystal, in Job 28:17. Dr. Good observes, "We are not certain of the exact signification, farther than that it denotes some perfectly transparent and hyaline gem."
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Thus I was; in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep fled from mine eyes.
Which are black by reason of the ice, And wherein the snow hideth itself:
Gold and glass cannot equal it, Neither shall it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.
By the breath of God ice is given; And the breadth of the waters is straitened.
Out of whose womb came the ice? And the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it?
He casteth forth his ice like morsels: Who can stand before his cold?
Therefore thus saith Jehovah concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: He shall have none to sit upon the throne of David; and his dead body shall be cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost.
And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above.
and before the throne, as it were a sea of glass like a crystal; and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, four living creatures full of eyes before and behind.
And he showed me a river of water of life, bright as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb,