Reference: Hart
American
Or STAG, a species of deer, clean by the Levitical law, De 12:15, and celebrated for its elegance, agility, and grace, Song 2:9; Isa 35:6. See HIND and ROE.
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Only in all the desire of thy soul thou shalt sacrifice and eat flesh according to the blessing of Jehovah thy God which he gave to thee in all thy gates: the unclean and the clean shall eat it, as the roe and as the stag.
My beloved is like to the roe or to the fawn of the hinds: behold him standing behind our wall looking forth from the windows, glancing from the lattices.
Then shall the lame one leap as the stag, and the tongue of the dumb shall give forth the voice: for waters brake forth in the desert, and torrents in the sterile region.
Easton
(Heb 'ayal), a stag or male deer. It is ranked among the clean animals (De 12:15; 14:5; 15:22), and was commonly killed for food (1Ki 4:23). The hart is frequently alluded to in the poetical and prophetical books (Isa 35:6; Song 2:8-9; La 1:6; Ps 42:1).
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Only in all the desire of thy soul thou shalt sacrifice and eat flesh according to the blessing of Jehovah thy God which he gave to thee in all thy gates: the unclean and the clean shall eat it, as the roe and as the stag.
The stag, and the roe, and the fallow-deer, and the roe-buck, and the antelope, and the mountain goat, and the gazelle.
In thy gates thou shalt eat it: the unclean and the clean together, as the roe and the stag.
Ten fatted oxen, and twenty oxen of the shepherd, and a hundred sheep, besides from the stag and the roe and the fallow deer, and fowls fattened.
To the overseer instructing for the sons of Borah. As the stag will long for the channels of waters, thus will my soul long for thee, O God.
The voice of my beloved I behold him coming leaping upon the mountains, springing upon the hills My beloved is like to the roe or to the fawn of the hinds: behold him standing behind our wall looking forth from the windows, glancing from the lattices.
Then shall the lame one leap as the stag, and the tongue of the dumb shall give forth the voice: for waters brake forth in the desert, and torrents in the sterile region.
From the daughter of Zion all her decoration went forth: her chiefs were as rams; they found not feed, and they went without strength before him pursuing.
Fausets
ayal. The male of the stag, Cervus Duma. Resorting to the mountains (Song 8:14); sure-footed there (2Sa 22:34; Hab 3:19). Monogamous and constant in affection (Pr 5:19). In Ps 42:1 the verb is feminine; the hind therefore, not the hart, is meant; her weakness intensifies her thirst. The emblem of activity (Isa 35:6). So Naphtali is described by Jacob prophetically (Ge 49:21), "a hind let loose." His active energy was shown against Jabin the Canaanite oppressor (Jg 4:6-9; 5:18). The Targums say he first told Jacob that Joseph was yet alive; "he giveth goodly words." The Hebrew sheluchim, "the apostles," answers to shelucha "let loose." So the prophecy hints at what Isaiah (Isa 52:7) more clearly unfolds, "how beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings."
Easily agitated (Song 2:7; 3:5), so that the hunter must advance on them with breathless caution if he would take them; an emblem of the resting (Zep 3:17) but easily grieved Holy Spirit (Eze 16:43; Mt 18:7; Eph 4:30). The thunder so terrifies them that they prematurely bring forth (Ps 29:9). The case of their parturition, through the instinct given them by God's care, stands in contrast to the shepherd's anxiety in numbering the months of the flock's pregnancy, and is an argument to convince Job (Job 39:1-3) of God's consummate wisdom; why then should he harbour for a moment the thought that God, who cares so providentially for the humblest creature, could be capable of harshness and injustice toward His noblest creature, man?
The masculine ayal, Septuagint elafos, is the fallow deer (Dama commonis) or the Barbary deer (Cervus Barbarus) according to Appendix, Smith's Bible Dictionary Timid and fleet especially when seeking and not able to find pasture (La 1:6); emblem of Zion's captive princes at Babylon. Septuagint and Vulgate read eylim, "rams." Ajalon abounded in the ayal, whence it took its name. Aijeleth, "the hind," in the title Psalm 22 symbolizes one shot at by the archers and persecuted to death, namely, Messiah; as the persecutors are symbolized by "bulls," "lions," "dogs."
The addition "of the morning" (shahar) implies prosperity dawning after suffering. The hind is emblematic of the grace, innocence, and loveliness (Song 2:9) of the Antitype to Joseph (Ge 49:23-24). The hind's sure footing in the rocks typifies the believer's preservation in high places and difficulties. The Arabs call a deer by a like name to the Hebrew, (iyal). The deer is represented on the slabs at Nineveh, and seems to have abounded anciently in Syria, though not there now.
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Naphtali a mighty shoot, giving fair words.
This adversary will embitter him, and the lords of the arrows will lie in wait. And his bow will dwell in strength, and the seed of his hands will be firm by the hands of the mighty one of Jacob; from whence the shepherd, the stone of Israel
And she will send and call for Barak, son of Abinoam, from KadeshNaphtali; and she will say to him, Did not Jehovah the God of Israel command, Go, and draw into mount Tabor, and take with thee ten thousand men from the sons of Naphtali and from the sons of Zebulon? And I drew to thee to the torrent Kishon, Sisera, captain of Jabin's army, and his chariots and his multitude; and I gave him into thy hand. read more. And Barak will say to her, If thou wilt go with me, and I will go: and if thou wilt not go with me, I will not go. And she will say, Going, I will go with thee: but yet it shall not be thine honor upon the way which thou goest; for Jehovah will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman. And Deborah will rise and will go with Barak to Kadesh.
Zebulon a people reproached his soul to death, And Naphtali upon the heights of the field.
Setting my feet as the hinds: And upon the heights will he cause me to stand.
Knewest thou the time of the bringing forth of the wild goats of the rock? and wilt thou watch the bearing of the hinds? Wilt thou number the months they shall fill up? and didst thou know the time of their bringing forth? read more. They will bow, they will bring forth their children, they will cast forth their pains.
The voice of Jehovah will cause the hinds to bring forth, and will uncover the forests: and in his temple every one said, Glory.
To the overseer instructing for the sons of Borah. As the stag will long for the channels of waters, thus will my soul long for thee, O God.
The hind of loves and the wild goat of grace; her breasts shall satiate thee in all time; thou shalt always wander in her loves.
I adjured you, O daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, or by the hinds of the field, if ye shall awake and if ye shall arouse love till he shall desire.
My beloved is like to the roe or to the fawn of the hinds: behold him standing behind our wall looking forth from the windows, glancing from the lattices.
I adjured you, O daughters of Jerusalem, by the roes, and by the hinds of the field, if ye shall awake and if ye shall arouse love till he shall desire.
Flee, my beloved, and be it likened to thee to the roe or to the fawn of the hinds upon the mountains of spices.
Then shall the lame one leap as the stag, and the tongue of the dumb shall give forth the voice: for waters brake forth in the desert, and torrents in the sterile region.
How exalted upon the mountains the feet of him announcing good news, causing peace to be beard: announcing good news of good, causing salvation to be heard; saying to Zion, Thy God reigns!
From the daughter of Zion all her decoration went forth: her chiefs were as rams; they found not feed, and they went without strength before him pursuing.
Because that thou didst not remember the days of thy youth, and thou wilt disquiet me in all these; and lo, I also gave thy way upon the head, says the Lord Jehovah: and thou didst not do wickedness upon all thine abominations.
Jehovah the Lord my strength, and he will set my feet as the hinds, and upon my heights he will cause me to tread. For the overseer upon my stringed instruments.
Jehovah thy God is in the midst of thee: the strong one will save, he will rejoice over thee with joy; he will be silent in his love, he will exult over thee with rejoicing.
Woe to the world for offences I for there is necessity for offences to come; but woe to that man by whom the offence comes!
And grieve ye not the Holy Spirit of God in which ye were sealed to the day of redemption.
Morish
ayyal. A species of deer which is not now definitely known. Many suppose it to be the red deer, the Cervus elaphus. It was a clean animal, and was one supplied to Solomon's table. De 12:15,22; 1Ki 4:23. Its desire for the water-brooks is used as a symbol of a soul's panting after God. Ps 42:1. The bride in the Canticles compares the bridegroom to a young hart. Cant. 2:9, 17; Cant. 8:14. In predicting God's blessing upon Israel in a future day it is said, "the lame man shall leap as a hart." Isa 35:6. The deer are remarkable for their pleasing form, their graceful movements, and their great agility.
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Only in all the desire of thy soul thou shalt sacrifice and eat flesh according to the blessing of Jehovah thy God which he gave to thee in all thy gates: the unclean and the clean shall eat it, as the roe and as the stag.
If as he shall eat the roe and the stag, so shalt thou eat it; the unclean and the clean together shall eat it.
To the overseer instructing for the sons of Borah. As the stag will long for the channels of waters, thus will my soul long for thee, O God.
Then shall the lame one leap as the stag, and the tongue of the dumb shall give forth the voice: for waters brake forth in the desert, and torrents in the sterile region.
Smith
Hart,
the male stag. The word denotes some member of the deer tribe either the fallow deer or the Barbary deer. The hart is reckoned among the clean animals,
De 12:15; 14:5; 15:22
and seems from the passages quoted, as well as from
to have been commonly killed for food.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Only in all the desire of thy soul thou shalt sacrifice and eat flesh according to the blessing of Jehovah thy God which he gave to thee in all thy gates: the unclean and the clean shall eat it, as the roe and as the stag.
The stag, and the roe, and the fallow-deer, and the roe-buck, and the antelope, and the mountain goat, and the gazelle.
In thy gates thou shalt eat it: the unclean and the clean together, as the roe and the stag.
Ten fatted oxen, and twenty oxen of the shepherd, and a hundred sheep, besides from the stag and the roe and the fallow deer, and fowls fattened.
Watsons
HART, ???, De 12:15; 14:5; Ps 42:1; Isa 35:6, the stag, or male deer. Dr. Shaw considers its name in Hebrew as a generic word including all the species of the deer kind; whether they are distinguished by round horns, as the stag; or by flat ones, as the fallow deer; or by the smallness of the branches, as the roe. Mr. Good observes that the hind and roe, the hart and the antelope, were held, and still continue to be, in the highest estimation in all the eastern countries, for the voluptuous beauty of their eyes, the delicate elegance of their form, or their graceful agility of action. The names of these animals were perpetually applied, therefore, to persons, whether male or female, who were supposed to be possessed of any of their respective qualities. In 2Sa 1:19, Saul is denominated "the roe of Israel;" and in the eighteenth verse of the ensuing chapter, we are told that "Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe:" a phraseology perfectly synonymous with the epithet swift-footed, which Homer has so frequently bestowed upon his hero Achilles. Thus again: "Her princes are like harts which find no pasture; they are fled without strength before their pursuers," La 1:6. The Lord Jehovah is my strength; he will make my feet like hinds' feet; he will cause me to tread again on my own hills," Hab 3:19. See HIND.
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Only in all the desire of thy soul thou shalt sacrifice and eat flesh according to the blessing of Jehovah thy God which he gave to thee in all thy gates: the unclean and the clean shall eat it, as the roe and as the stag.
The stag, and the roe, and the fallow-deer, and the roe-buck, and the antelope, and the mountain goat, and the gazelle.
The beauty of Israel was wounded upon thy heights: how have the powerful fallen
To the overseer instructing for the sons of Borah. As the stag will long for the channels of waters, thus will my soul long for thee, O God.
Then shall the lame one leap as the stag, and the tongue of the dumb shall give forth the voice: for waters brake forth in the desert, and torrents in the sterile region.
From the daughter of Zion all her decoration went forth: her chiefs were as rams; they found not feed, and they went without strength before him pursuing.
Jehovah the Lord my strength, and he will set my feet as the hinds, and upon my heights he will cause me to tread. For the overseer upon my stringed instruments.