Reference: Chronology
Easton
is the arrangement of facts and events in the order of time. The writers of the Bible themselves do not adopt any standard era according to which they date events. Sometimes the years are reckoned, e.g., from the time of the Exodus (Nu 1:1; 33:38; 1Ki 6:1), and sometimes from the accession of kings (1Ki 15:1,9,25,33, etc.), and sometimes again from the return from Exile (Ezr 3:8).
Hence in constructing a system of Biblecal chronology, the plan has been adopted of reckoning the years from the ages of the patriarchs before the birth of their first-born sons for the period from the Creation to Abraham. After this period other data are to be taken into account in determining the relative sequence of events.
As to the patriarchal period, there are three principal systems of chronology: (1) that of the Hebrew text, (2) that of the Septuagint version, and (3) that of the Samaritan Pentateuch, as seen in the scheme on the opposite page.
The Samaritan and the Septuagint have considerably modified the Hebrew chronology. This modification some regard as having been wilfully made, and to be rejected. The same system of variations is observed in the chronology of the period between the Flood and Abraham. Thus:
| Hebrew Septuigant Samaritan
| From the birth of
| Arphaxad, 2 years
| after the Flood, to
| the birth of Terah. 220 1000 870
| From the birth of
| Terah to the birth
| of Abraham. 130 70 72
The Septuagint fixes on seventy years as the age of Terah at the birth of Abraham, from Ge 11:26; but a comparison of Ge 11:32; Ac 7:4 with Ge 12:4 shows that when Terah died, at the age of two hundred and five years, Abraham was seventy-five years, and hence Terah must have been one hundred and thirty years when Abraham was born. Thus, including the two years from the Flood to the birth of Arphaxad, the period from the Flood to the birth of Abraham was three hundred and fifty-two years.
The next period is from the birth of Abraham to the Exodus. This, according to the Hebrew, extends to five hundred and five years. The difficulty here is as to the four hundred and thirty years mentioned Ex 12:40-41; Ga 3:17. These years are regarded by some as dating from the covenant with Abraham (Ge 15), which was entered into soon after his sojourn in Egypt; others, with more probability, reckon these years from Jacob's going down into Egypt. (See Exodus.)
In modern times the systems of Biblical chronology that have been adopted are chiefly those of Ussher and Hales. The former follows the Hebrew, and the latter the Septuagint mainly. Archbishop Ussher's (died 1656) system is called the short chronology. It is that given on the margin of the Authorized Version, but is really of no authority, and is quite uncertain.
| Ussher Hales
| B.C. B.C.
| Creation 4004 5411
| Flood 2348 3155
| Abram leaves Haran 1921 2078
| Exodus 1491 1648
| Destruction of the
| Temple 588 586
To show at a glance the different ideas of the date of the creation, it may be interesting to note the following: From Creation to 1894.
According to Ussher, 5,898; Hales, 7,305; Zunz (Hebrew reckoning), 5,882; Septuagint (Perowne), 7,305; Rabbinical, 5,654; Panodorus, 7,387; Anianus, 7,395; Constantinopolitan, 7,403; Eusebius, 7,093; Scaliger, 5,844; Dionysius (from whom we take our Christian era), 7,388; Maximus, 7,395; Syncellus and Theophanes, 7,395; Julius Africanus, 7,395; Jackson, 7,320.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Abram went as the LORD bade him, and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy five years old, when he went out of Haran.
And the time of the dwelling of the children of Israel, which they dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. And when the four hundred and thirty years were expired, even the self same day departed all the hosts of the LORD out of the land of Egypt.
And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tabernacle of witness, the first day of the second month, and in the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying,
And Aaron the priest went up into mount Hor at the commandment of the LORD and died there, even in the fortieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and in the first day of the fifth month.
And Nadab the son of Jeroboam began to reign upon Israel, the second year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned upon Israel two years.
And the third year of Asa king of Judah, Baasha the son of Ahijah began to reign over all Israel in Tirzah, and continued twenty four years.
In the second year of their coming unto the house of God at Jerusalem, in the second month, began Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and the remnant of their brethren the priests and the Levites, and all they that were come out of the captivity unto Jerusalem: and appointed the Levites, from twenty years old and above, to see that the work of the house of the LORD went forward.
Then came he out of the land of Chaldea and dwelt in Haran. And after that, as soon as his father was dead, he brought him into this land, in which ye now dwell,
This I say, that the law which began afterward, beyond four hundred and thirty years, doth not disannul the testament, that was confirmed afore of God unto Christ ward, to make the promise of none effect.
Fausets
There are three principal systems, the Long, the Short, and the Rabbinical The nature of the evidence hardly admits of certainty as to all details. The dates of the flood, etc., are thus differently given in the Septuagint, the Hebrew, and the Samaritan Pentateuch:
Septuagint
Hebrew
Samaritan
Flood after Creation
2262
1656
1307
Peleg's birth
401
101
401
Abram's departure from Haran
616
266
616
3279
2023
2324
Hales takes the long system mainly from the Septuagint account of the patriarchal generations. He rightly rejects the number 480 years assigned in 1Ki 6:1 as having elapsed from the Exodus to the foundation of the temple in the fourth year of Solomon's reign. It must be an ancient error of transcribers, because 40 years elapsed from the Exodus to the death of Moses, Joshua was for more than seven years Israel's leader in Canaan, Israel's servitude and the rule of the judges to Eli's death occupied 430 years, thence to Saul's accession was more than 20 years, Saul's reign was 40 years, David's reign was 40 years, Solomon's reign, before the temple's foundation, was 3 years; i.e. 580 years in all: besides the unknown intervals between Joshua's leadership of seven years and his death; and again between his death and the first servitude; also the unknown period, above 20 years, between Eli's death and Saul's accession.
These unknown times are approximately estimated at 6 years, 32 years, and 20 years respectively, i.e. 58 years in all; which, added to the 580 years, will give 638 years. The Old Testament never dates events from an era, which makes 1Ki 6:1 suspicious. Origen, Commentary (Joh 2:20), quotes 1Ki 6:1 without the words "in the 480th year." See also Jg 11:26. But (See EGYPT below as to Thothmes III and the inscription favoring 1Ki 6:1. Ussher is the representative of the short system, following the Hebrew in the patriarchal generations, and taking the 480 years as given in 1Ki 6:1 between the Exodus and the foundation of the temple. The rabbinical system is partly accepted in Germany; it takes the Biblical numbers, but makes arbitrary corrections:
Hales
Ussher
Creation
5411
4004
Flood
3155
2348
Abram leaving Haran
2078
1921
Exodus
1648
1491
Foundation of the temple
1027
1012
Destruction of the temple
586
588
The differences between the Hebrew and the Septuagint consist in the periods assigned by them respectively to the patriarchs before and after the births of their oldest sons. Thus, Adam lives 130 years before the birth of his oldest son in Hebrew, but 230 years in the Septuagint; Seth is 105 in the Hebrew text, but 205 years in the Septuagint, etc. After the births of their oldest sons, Adam, 800; Seth, 807 in Hebrew, but 700 and 707 in the Septuagint; thus, the totals come to the same, Adam (930), Seth (912), in both Hebrew and Septuagint Similarly, in the case of Enos, Cainan, Mahalaleel. This proves that the change, whether by shortening (if the Septuagint is the true reading, or by lengthening if the Hebrew is the true reading) is NOT accidental but was made on system. The Septuagint and Lu 3:36-37 have a second Cainan, who is omitted in the Hebrew Bible; Philo and Josephus also know nothing of him.
In genealogies (e.g. Mt 1:8) names are often passed over, a man being called "the son of" a remote ancestor, his father and grandfather and great grandfather being omitted; as Joram is followed by Ozias, Ahaziah, Joash, and Amaziah being omitted. For some divine purpose connected with the mystical sense of numbers the generations are condensed into fourteen (the double of the sacred seven) in each of the three periods, from Abraham to David, from David to the captivity, and thence to Christ. Compare Ezr 7:1-5; 1Ch 26:24. So Jehu is "son of Nimshi," also "of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi" (2Ki 9:2,14,20; 1Ki 19:16). Again, the length of generations varies: Abraham, at a time when life was so much longer than now, implies a generation was about 100 years (Ge 15:16, compare Ge 15:13), "the fourth generation" answering to "four hundred years."
The Hebrew text was preserved with much more scrupulous care than the Septuagint on the other hand, the civilization and history of Egypt, Babylonia, and Assyria reach further back than accords with the Hebrew, and so favor the Septuagint. "The sojourning of Israel who dwelt in Egypt was 430 years" (Ex 12:40-41). Paul, in Ga 3:16-17, dates this period from God's promise to Abraham. In Ge 15:13-14, compare Ac 7:6-7; "thy seed shall be a stranger in a land not theirs ... and they shall afflict them 400 years"; by putting the comma after "afflict them," the "400 years" refers to the whole time of their being "a stranger in a land not theirs," compare Heb 11:9. It would not be literally true that the Israelites were afflicted for the whole 400 years by the Egyptians, even if the 400 be applied to the sojourn in Egypt alone. Therefore, there is no greater strain put on the words by supposing the 400 includes the sojourn in Canaan.
Abraham probably means (Ge 15:16), "in the fourth generation they (i.e. some of the fourth generation, allowing 100 years for each generation) shall come hither again." There were more than four generations in fact; thus, in Ru 4:18, etc., 1Ch 2:5-6, there are six generations from Judah to Nahshon, the tribe prince in Moses' time; nine generations from Joseph to Joshua (1Ch 7:20, etc.). Abram was 75 years old upon leaving Haran; 100 at Isaac's birth; Isaac was 60 at Jacob's birth; and Jacob was 130 years old upon entering Egypt - in all 215 years. Again, Joseph was about 45 years old upon entering Egypt, 92 occupied the rest of his life; then followed, after all Joseph's brethren and that generation were dead (Ex 1:6, etc.), the oppression; Moses was 80 years old at the Exodus.
Thus, there will be 172 years, besides the interval between Joseph's generation dying and the oppression, and between the beginning of the oppression and the birth of Moses; which may be reasonably set down as 215 in all; which, added to the 215 in Canaan, will yield the 430 years. The increase from 70 years, at Jacob's going down to Egypt, to 600,000 at the Exodus is accountable when we remember the special fruitfulness promised by God. There were at the eisodus 51 pairs at least bearing children, for there were 67 men, namely, Jacob's 12 sons, 51 grandsons, and four great grandsons, besides one daughter and one granddaughter (Ge 46:8-27). These 51 must have taken foreign wives. Then, besides, polygamy prevailed. All these causes together fully account for the great increase in 215 years.
Another note of time is furnished by Paul (Ac 13:19-21): "after that (the division of Canaan) He; gave judges about the space of 450 years until Samuel"; or rather, as the three oldest manuscripts - the Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, and Alexandrinus manuscripts, "He distributed their land to them for an inheritance, about 450 years. And after that He gave unto them judges until Samuel." The dative in the Greek text marks, not duration of time, as KJV, but a point of time. The point of time backward to which the 450 refers is implied in Ac 13:19, "when He had destroyed seven nations"; i.e., about 450 or 462 elapse between God's promise to drive out those nations in 400 years from that time (Ge 15:13-21), and God's commencing the fulfillment of it under Joshua; the former date is about 1913, the latter 1451 (Joshua 1).
Jephthah makes 300 years elapse between his time and Joshua's division of Canaan (Jg 11:26). Theophilus of Antioch (Autol. 3:22) states that the Tyrian archives of Hiram, David's contemporary, prove that the building of the temple took place 566 years after the Exodus from Egypt. The whole period between the foundation and the destruction of the temple is about 425 years; that of the undivided kingdom 120, that of Judah 388, that of Israel 255. The Median, Hebrew, Babylonian, and Assyrian chronicles, according to J. W. Bosanquet, coincide in making Nebuchadnezzar's reign begin 581 B.C. He makes Jotham's 16 years' reign begin in 734 B.C.; Ahaz' 16 years begin at 718; Hezekiah's 29 begin at 702; Manasseh's 55 begin at 673; Amon's two begin at 618; Josiah's 31 begin at 616; Jehoiakim's 11 be
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And when Terah was seventy years old, he begat Abram, Nahor and Haran. And these are the generations of Terah. Terah begat Abram, Nahor and Haran. And Haran begat Lot.
And these are the generations of Terah. Terah begat Abram, Nahor and Haran. And Haran begat Lot. And Haran died before Terah his father, in the land where he was born, at Ur in Chaldea.
And Haran died before Terah his father, in the land where he was born, at Ur in Chaldea. And Abram and Nahor took them wives. Abram's wife was called Sarai. And Nahor's wife, Milcah the daughter of Haran; which was father of Milcah and of Iscah.
And Abram and Nahor took them wives. Abram's wife was called Sarai. And Nahor's wife, Milcah the daughter of Haran; which was father of Milcah and of Iscah.
And Abram went as the LORD bade him, and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy five years old, when he went out of Haran.
And Abram went as the LORD bade him, and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy five years old, when he went out of Haran.
And he said unto Abram, "Know this of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that pertaineth not unto them. And they shall make bondmen of them and entreat them evil, four hundred years.
And he said unto Abram, "Know this of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that pertaineth not unto them. And they shall make bondmen of them and entreat them evil, four hundred years.
And he said unto Abram, "Know this of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that pertaineth not unto them. And they shall make bondmen of them and entreat them evil, four hundred years.
And he said unto Abram, "Know this of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that pertaineth not unto them. And they shall make bondmen of them and entreat them evil, four hundred years.
And he said unto Abram, "Know this of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that pertaineth not unto them. And they shall make bondmen of them and entreat them evil, four hundred years.
And he said unto Abram, "Know this of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that pertaineth not unto them. And they shall make bondmen of them and entreat them evil, four hundred years. But the nation whom they shall serve, will I judge. And afterward shall they come out with great substance.
But the nation whom they shall serve, will I judge. And afterward shall they come out with great substance.
But the nation whom they shall serve, will I judge. And afterward shall they come out with great substance.
But the nation whom they shall serve, will I judge. And afterward shall they come out with great substance. Nevertheless, thou shalt go unto thy fathers in peace, and shalt be buried when thou art of a good age:
Nevertheless, thou shalt go unto thy fathers in peace, and shalt be buried when thou art of a good age: and in the fourth generation they shall come hither again, for the wickedness of the Amorites is not yet full."
and in the fourth generation they shall come hither again, for the wickedness of the Amorites is not yet full."
and in the fourth generation they shall come hither again, for the wickedness of the Amorites is not yet full."
and in the fourth generation they shall come hither again, for the wickedness of the Amorites is not yet full."
and in the fourth generation they shall come hither again, for the wickedness of the Amorites is not yet full."
and in the fourth generation they shall come hither again, for the wickedness of the Amorites is not yet full." When the sun was down and it was waxed dark, behold, there was a smoking furnace and a fire brand that went between the said pieces.
When the sun was down and it was waxed dark, behold, there was a smoking furnace and a fire brand that went between the said pieces. And that same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, "Unto thy seed will I give this land, from the river of Egypt, even unto the great river Euphrates:
And that same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, "Unto thy seed will I give this land, from the river of Egypt, even unto the great river Euphrates: the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites,
the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Giants,
the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Giants, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites and the Jebusites."
And Abraham fell upon his face and laughed, and said in his heart, "Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? And shall Sara, that is ninety years old, bear?"
And Abraham fell upon his face and laughed, and said in his heart, "Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? And shall Sara, that is ninety years old, bear?"
yet in very deed she is my sister, the daughter of my father, but not of my mother: and became my wife.
yet in very deed she is my sister, the daughter of my father, but not of my mother: and became my wife.
These are the names of the children of Israel which came into Egypt, both Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob's first son.
These are the names of the children of Israel which came into Egypt, both Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob's first son. The children of Reuben: Hanoch, Phallu, Hezron and Carmi.
The children of Reuben: Hanoch, Phallu, Hezron and Carmi. The children of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman.
The children of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman. The children of Levi: Gershon, Kohath and Merari.
The children of Levi: Gershon, Kohath and Merari. The children of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez and Sarah - but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. The children of Perez, Hezron, and Hamul.
The children of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez and Sarah - but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. The children of Perez, Hezron, and Hamul. The children of Issachar: Tola, Puva, Iob and Shimron.
The children of Issachar: Tola, Puva, Iob and Shimron. The children of Zebulon: Sered, Elon and Jahleel.
The children of Zebulon: Sered, Elon and Jahleel. These be the children of Lea which she bare unto Jacob in Mesopotamia with his daughter Dina. All these souls of his sons and daughters make thirty and six.
These be the children of Lea which she bare unto Jacob in Mesopotamia with his daughter Dina. All these souls of his sons and daughters make thirty and six. The children of Gad: Ziphion, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi and Areli.
The children of Gad: Ziphion, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi and Areli. The children of Asher: Imnah, Isvah, Ishvi, Beriah and Serah their sister. And the children of Beriah were Heber and Malchiel.
The children of Asher: Imnah, Isvah, Ishvi, Beriah and Serah their sister. And the children of Beriah were Heber and Malchiel. These are the children of Zilpah whom Laban gave to Lea his daughter. And these she bare unto Jacob in number sixteen souls.
These are the children of Zilpah whom Laban gave to Lea his daughter. And these she bare unto Jacob in number sixteen souls. The children of Rachel, Jacob's wife: Joseph and Benjamin.
The children of Rachel, Jacob's wife: Joseph and Benjamin. And unto Joseph in the land of Egypt were borne: Manasseh and Ephraim which Asenath the daughter of Poti-Pherah priest of On bare unto him.
And unto Joseph in the land of Egypt were borne: Manasseh and Ephraim which Asenath the daughter of Poti-Pherah priest of On bare unto him. The children of Benjamin: Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard.
The children of Benjamin: Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard. These are the children of Rachel which were born unto Jacob: fourteen souls altogether.
These are the children of Rachel which were born unto Jacob: fourteen souls altogether. The children of Dan: Hushim.
The children of Dan: Hushim. The children Naphtali: Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer and Shillem.
The children Naphtali: Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer and Shillem. These are the sons of Bilhah which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob, altogether seven souls.
These are the sons of Bilhah which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and she bare these unto Jacob, altogether seven souls. All the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt which came out of his loins - beside his son's wives - were all together sixty and six souls.
All the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt which came out of his loins - beside his son's wives - were all together sixty and six souls. And the sons of Joseph, which were born him in Egypt were: two souls. So that all the souls of the house of Jacob which came into Egypt are seventy.
And the sons of Joseph, which were born him in Egypt were: two souls. So that all the souls of the house of Jacob which came into Egypt are seventy.
And the time of the dwelling of the children of Israel, which they dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
And the time of the dwelling of the children of Israel, which they dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. And when the four hundred and thirty years were expired, even the self same day departed all the hosts of the LORD out of the land of Egypt.
And when the four hundred and thirty years were expired, even the self same day departed all the hosts of the LORD out of the land of Egypt.
all the while Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundredth years? Why didst thou not recover them in all that space?
all the while Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundredth years? Why didst thou not recover them in all that space?
all the while Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundredth years? Why didst thou not recover them in all that space?
all the while Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundredth years? Why didst thou not recover them in all that space?
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And when thou comest thither, thou shalt there see Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi and go to him, and make him arise up from among his brethren and carry him to a secret chamber.
And when thou comest thither, thou shalt there see Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi and go to him, and make him arise up from among his brethren and carry him to a secret chamber.
And so Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Jehoram. And Jehoram had been waiting at Ramoth Gilead, and all Israel with him for fear of Hazael king of Syria;
And so Jehu the son of Jehoshaphat the son of Nimshi conspired against Jehoram. And Jehoram had been waiting at Ramoth Gilead, and all Israel with him for fear of Hazael king of Syria;
And the watchman told, saying, "He came to them, but he cometh not again, and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi, for he driveth as he were mad."
And the watchman told, saying, "He came to them, but he cometh not again, and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi, for he driveth as he were mad."
The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. The sons of Zerah: Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Calcol and Dara: five in all.
The sons of Ephraim: Shuthelah, whose son was Bered, and Tahath his son, and his son Eleadah, and Tahath his son,
The sons of Ephraim: Shuthelah, whose son was Bered, and Tahath his son, and his son Eleadah, and Tahath his son,
After these acts in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, there went up from Babylon, Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah,
After these acts in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, there went up from Babylon, Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, the son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub,
the son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub, the son of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth,
the son of Amariah, the son of Azariah, the son of Meraioth, the son of Zerahiah, the son of Uzzi, the son of Bukki,
the son of Zerahiah, the son of Uzzi, the son of Bukki, the son of Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the chief priest.
the son of Abishua, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron the chief priest.
all kings toward the north, whether they be far or nigh, everyone with his neighbours; Yea, and all the kingdoms that are upon the whole earth. The king of Sheshach, said he, shall drink with them also.
all kings toward the north, whether they be far or nigh, everyone with his neighbours; Yea, and all the kingdoms that are upon the whole earth. The king of Sheshach, said he, shall drink with them also.
But thus sayeth the LORD: When ye have fulfilled seventy years at Babylon, I will bring you home, and of mine own goodness I will carry you hither again to this place.
But thus sayeth the LORD: When ye have fulfilled seventy years at Babylon, I will bring you home, and of mine own goodness I will carry you hither again to this place.
But thus sayeth the LORD: When ye have fulfilled seventy years at Babylon, I will bring you home, and of mine own goodness I will carry you hither again to this place.
But thus sayeth the LORD: When ye have fulfilled seventy years at Babylon, I will bring you home, and of mine own goodness I will carry you hither again to this place.
Yea, even in the first year of his reign, I, Daniel, desired to know the yearly number out of the books, whereof the LORD spake unto Jeremiah the Prophet: that Jerusalem should lie waste seventy years:
Yea, even in the first year of his reign, I, Daniel, desired to know the yearly number out of the books, whereof the LORD spake unto Jeremiah the Prophet: that Jerusalem should lie waste seventy years:
Then heard I the man with the linen clothes, which stood above upon the waters of the flood: when he held up his right and left hand unto heaven, and sware by him which liveth forever, that, "It shall tarry for a time, two times and half a time: when the power of the holy people is clean scattered abroad, then shall all these things be fulfilled."
Then heard I the man with the linen clothes, which stood above upon the waters of the flood: when he held up his right and left hand unto heaven, and sware by him which liveth forever, that, "It shall tarry for a time, two times and half a time: when the power of the holy people is clean scattered abroad, then shall all these things be fulfilled."
which was the son of Cainan: which was the son of Arphaxad: which was the son of Shem: which was the son of Noah: which was the son of Lamech:
which was the son of Cainan: which was the son of Arphaxad: which was the son of Shem: which was the son of Noah: which was the son of Lamech: which was the son of Methuselah: which was the son of Enoch: which was the son of Jared: which was the son of Mahalaleel: which was the son of Cainan:
which was the son of Methuselah: which was the son of Enoch: which was the son of Jared: which was the son of Mahalaleel: which was the son of Cainan:
Then said the Jews, "Forty six years was this temple a building: and wilt thou raise it up in three days?"
Then said the Jews, "Forty six years was this temple a building: and wilt thou raise it up in three days?"
Then came he out of the land of Chaldea and dwelt in Haran. And after that, as soon as his father was dead, he brought him into this land, in which ye now dwell,
Then came he out of the land of Chaldea and dwelt in Haran. And after that, as soon as his father was dead, he brought him into this land, in which ye now dwell,
God verily spake on this wise, that this seed should be a dweller in a strange land, and that they should keep them in bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.
God verily spake on this wise, that this seed should be a dweller in a strange land, and that they should keep them in bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years. 'But the nation to whom they shall be in bondage, will I judge,' said God, 'and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.'
'But the nation to whom they shall be in bondage, will I judge,' said God, 'and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.'
And he destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, and divided their land to them by lot.
And he destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, and divided their land to them by lot.
And he destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, and divided their land to them by lot.
And he destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, and divided their land to them by lot. And afterward he gave unto them judges, about the space of four hundred and fifty years, unto the time of Samuel the prophet.
And afterward he gave unto them judges, about the space of four hundred and fifty years, unto the time of Samuel the prophet.
And afterward he gave unto them judges, about the space of four hundred and fifty years, unto the time of Samuel the prophet.
And afterward he gave unto them judges, about the space of four hundred and fifty years, unto the time of Samuel the prophet. And after that they desired a king, and God gave unto them Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years.
And after that they desired a king, and God gave unto them Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years.
To Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, "in the seeds," as in many: But, "in thy seed," as in one, which is Christ.
To Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, "in the seeds," as in many: But, "in thy seed," as in one, which is Christ. This I say, that the law which began afterward, beyond four hundred and thirty years, doth not disannul the testament, that was confirmed afore of God unto Christ ward, to make the promise of none effect.
This I say, that the law which began afterward, beyond four hundred and thirty years, doth not disannul the testament, that was confirmed afore of God unto Christ ward, to make the promise of none effect.
By faith he removed into the land that was promised him, as into a strange country, and dwelt in tabernacles: and so did Isaac, and Jacob, heirs with him of the same promise.
By faith he removed into the land that was promised him, as into a strange country, and dwelt in tabernacles: and so did Isaac, and Jacob, heirs with him of the same promise.
Morish
There are more links of time mentioned in scripture than is generally supposed, forming together an approximate chronology. There is however one great difficulty in the variations of the Hebrew text from the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Septuagint. It is found that there must have been a systematic alteration somewhere, and if the Hebrew text is correct, a period of 100 years has been added to the lives of several, both before the Flood and after it.
The above figures form the basis of what is called the 'long chronology' from the LXX, and the 'short chronology' from the Hebrew. It will be seen that there are about 1400 years difference from the birth of Seth to the Call of Abraham. It is difficult to see why the Hebrew text should be abandoned; and if it were, what superior claim would the LXX have over the Samaritan Pentateuch?
A summary of the several periods is added, with a few notes and references to the scriptures.
YEARS.
From Adam to the Flood
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Abram went as the LORD bade him, and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy five years old, when he went out of Haran.
and in the fourth generation they shall come hither again, for the wickedness of the Amorites is not yet full."
And the time of the dwelling of the children of Israel, which they dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
And the time of the dwelling of the children of Israel, which they dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
And the LORD was wroth with Israel, and sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the children of Ammon: which pilled and oppressed the children of Israel in those days eighteen years, all that were on the other side Jordan in the land of the Amorites in Gilead.
And it came to pass, the four hundred and fourscore year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, and the fourth year of the reign of Solomon upon Israel, and the second month called Ziv, that he began to build the temple unto the LORD.
And the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem upon all Israel, was forty years.
In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he caused it to be proclaimed throughout all his empire, yea and by writing also, saying,
These are the children of the land that went up out of the captivity, whom Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had carried away unto Babylon, and came again unto Jerusalem and in Judah, every one unto his city;
and this whole land shall become a wilderness, and they shall serve the said people and the king of Babylon, three score years and ten.
and this whole land shall become a wilderness, and they shall serve the said people and the king of Babylon, three score years and ten. When the seventy years are expired, I will visit also the wickedness of the king of Babylon and his people sayeth the LORD: yea, and the land of the Chaldeans, and will make it a perpetual wilderness,
When the seventy years are expired, I will visit also the wickedness of the king of Babylon and his people sayeth the LORD: yea, and the land of the Chaldeans, and will make it a perpetual wilderness,
But thus sayeth the LORD: When ye have fulfilled seventy years at Babylon, I will bring you home, and of mine own goodness I will carry you hither again to this place.
But thou shalt sleep upon thy left side, and lay the sin of the house of Israel upon thee. Certain days appointed, thou shalt sleep upon that side, and bear their sins. Nevertheless, I will appoint thee a time to put out their sins and the number of the days: Three hundred and ninety days must thou bear the wickedness of the house of Israel. read more. When thou hast fulfilled these days, lie down again, and sleep upon thy right side forty days, and bear the sins of the house of Judah. A day for a year; a day, I say, for a year will I ever lay upon thee.
In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, which was of the seed of the Medes, and was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans:
Then came he out of the land of Chaldea and dwelt in Haran. And after that, as soon as his father was dead, he brought him into this land, in which ye now dwell,
And he destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, and divided their land to them by lot. And afterward he gave unto them judges, about the space of four hundred and fifty years, unto the time of Samuel the prophet.
This I say, that the law which began afterward, beyond four hundred and thirty years, doth not disannul the testament, that was confirmed afore of God unto Christ ward, to make the promise of none effect.
This I say, that the law which began afterward, beyond four hundred and thirty years, doth not disannul the testament, that was confirmed afore of God unto Christ ward, to make the promise of none effect.
Smith
Chronology.
By this term we understand the technical and historical chronology of the Jews and their ancestors from the earliest time to the close of the New Testament Canon.
1. TECHNICAL CHRONOLOGY.--The technical part of Hebrew chronology presents great difficulties.
2. HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY.--The historical part of Hebrew chronology is not less difficult than the technical. The information in the Bible is indeed direct rather than inferential although there is very important evidence of the latter kind, but the present state of the numbers make absolute certainty in many cases impossible. Three principal systems of biblical chronology have been founded, which may be termed (the Long System, the short, and the Rabbinical. There is a fourth, which although an off shoot in part of the last, can scarcely be termed biblical, in as much as it depends for the most part upon theories, not only independent of but repugnant to the Bible: this last is at present peculiar to Baron Bunsen. The principal advocates of the Long chronology are Jackson. Hales and Des-Vignoles. Of the Short chronology Ussher may be considered as the most able advocate The Rabbinical chronology accept the biblical numbers, but makes the most arbitrary corrections. For the date of the Exodus it has been virtually accepted by Bunsen, Lepsius and Lord A. Hervey. The numbers given by the LXX. for the antediluvian patriarchs would place the creation of Adam 2262 years before the end of the flood or B.C. cir. 5361 or 5421.