Reference: Appeal
Easton
a reference of any case from an inferior to a superior court. Moses established in the wilderness a series of judicatories such that appeals could be made from a lower to a higher (Ex 18:13-26.)
Under the Roman law the most remarkable case of appeal is that of Paul from the tribunal of Festus at Caesarea to that of the emperor at Rome (Ac 25:11-12,21,25). Paul availed himself of the privilege of a Roman citizen in this matter.
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Now it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat, to judge the people, - and the people stood by Moses, from the morning, until the evening. And when Moses father-in-law saw all that he, was doing for the people, he said - What is this thing which, thou, art doing for the people? Wherefore art, thou, sitting alone, with all the people, stationed by thee, from morning until evening? read more. And Moses said to his father-in-law, - Because the people come in unto me to seek God: When they have a matter, they come in unto me, then do I judge between a man and his neighbour, - and make known the statutes of God and his laws. Then said Moses' father-in-law unto him, - Not good, is the thing that thou art doing. Thou wilt get quite worn out, both thou and this people that is with thee, - for the thing is too heavy for thee, thou canst not do it, alone. Now, hearken thou to my voice - let me counsel thee, and may God be with thee: Be, thou, for the people, in front of God, so shalt, thou, bring the matters unto God; and shalt cause to shine upon them, the statutes and the laws, - and make known to them the way wherein they should go, and the work they should do. Thou thyself, therefore shalt look out, from among all the people - men of ability, reverers of God, men of fidelity, haters of extortion, - and place them over them as rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. So shall they judge the people at any time, and it shall be, all the great matters, shall they bring in unto thee, but all the small matters, shall, they themselves, judge, - so, lighten thou the burden for thyself, and let them bear it with thee. If, this thing, thou wilt do, and God shall command thee, then shalt thou be able to endure, - yea, moreover, all this people, shall go in, unto their dwellings, contented. So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father-in-law, and did all that he had said; and Moses chose men of ability out of all Israel, and set them to be heads over the people, - rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. And they shall judge the people, at any time, - the hard matters, shall they bring in unto Moses, but all the small matters, shall, they themselves, judge.
If then, on the one hand, I am doing wrong, and, anything worthy of death, have committed, I excuse not myself from dying; but, on the other hand, if there is, nothing, in the things whereof these are accusing me, no man, hath power to give, me, unto them as a favour: - Unto Caesar, I appeal! Then Festus, having conversed with the council, answered - Unto Caesar, hast thou appealed? Unto Caesar, shalt thou go.
But, Paul, having appealed to be kept for the decision of the Emperor, I ordered him to be kept, until I could send him up unto Caesar.
But, I, gathered, that, nothing worthy of death, had he committed; and, this man himself, having appealed unto the Emperor, I decided to send him: -
Fausets
De 17:8-9 implies a court of appeal in hard cases; compare Jg 4:5. The king subsequently deputized persons to inquire into and decide appeals (2Sa 15:3). Jehoshaphat appointed Levites, priests, and some of the fathers to constitute a court of appeal (2Ch 19:8). Compare Ezr 7:25. Afterward the final appeal lay to the Sanhedrim. A Roman citizen could appeal, in criminal cases, from the magistrate to the people; and in after times to the emperor, who succeeded to the power of the people. Paul's appeal (Ac 25:11) was from a trial by a provincial magistrate to one by the emperor.
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When any matter of judgment, shall be too difficult for thee - between blood and blood between plea and plea or between stroke and stroke, matters of contention within thy gates, then shalt thou arise and go up unto the place which Yahweh thy God shall choose;
When any matter of judgment, shall be too difficult for thee - between blood and blood between plea and plea or between stroke and stroke, matters of contention within thy gates, then shalt thou arise and go up unto the place which Yahweh thy God shall choose; and shalt come in unto the priests the Levites, and unto the judge who shall be in those days, - and shalt enquire and they shall declare unto thee, the sentence of judgment;
and shalt come in unto the priests the Levites, and unto the judge who shall be in those days, - and shalt enquire and they shall declare unto thee, the sentence of judgment;
she used to sit, therefore, under the palm-tree of Deborah, between Ramah and Bethel, in the hill country of Ephraim, - and the sons of Israel came up to her, for justice.
she used to sit, therefore, under the palm-tree of Deborah, between Ramah and Bethel, in the hill country of Ephraim, - and the sons of Israel came up to her, for justice.
See! thy cause, is good and right, - but, to hear it, thou hast no one, from the king.
See! thy cause, is good and right, - but, to hear it, thou hast no one, from the king.
And, even in Jerusalem, did Jehoshaphat station some of the Levites and the priests, and of the ancestral chiefs of Israel, to pronounce the just sentence of Yahweh, and to settle disputes, - when they returned to Jerusalem.
And, even in Jerusalem, did Jehoshaphat station some of the Levites and the priests, and of the ancestral chiefs of Israel, to pronounce the just sentence of Yahweh, and to settle disputes, - when they returned to Jerusalem.
And, thou, Ezra, according to the wisdom of thy God that is in thy hand, appoint thou judges and magistrates, who shall administer justice to all the people that are Beyond the River, to all who know the law of thy God, - and, whoso knoweth not, ye shall teach.
And, thou, Ezra, according to the wisdom of thy God that is in thy hand, appoint thou judges and magistrates, who shall administer justice to all the people that are Beyond the River, to all who know the law of thy God, - and, whoso knoweth not, ye shall teach.
If then, on the one hand, I am doing wrong, and, anything worthy of death, have committed, I excuse not myself from dying; but, on the other hand, if there is, nothing, in the things whereof these are accusing me, no man, hath power to give, me, unto them as a favour: - Unto Caesar, I appeal!
If then, on the one hand, I am doing wrong, and, anything worthy of death, have committed, I excuse not myself from dying; but, on the other hand, if there is, nothing, in the things whereof these are accusing me, no man, hath power to give, me, unto them as a favour: - Unto Caesar, I appeal!
Hastings
Morish
It would appear from the arrangements made by Moses that some of the judges were accounted as judges of appeal, but that Moses himself, as having the mind of God, was the ultimate judge. Ex 18:13-26. It is not probable, when the kingdom was established, that all causes were tried at Jerusalem; but only cases of appeal from the tribal judges; and it was such that Absalom alludes to in 2Sa 15:2-3: see also De 16:18. It is evident from De 17:8-12 that the mind of God was to be sought where He put His name, if the matter was too hard for the judges. The Jewish writers say that before and after the time of Christ on earth, appeals could be carried through the various courts to the Grand Sanhedrim at Jerusalem.
In the case of Paul appealing to Caesar, it was not an appeal from a judgement already given, as is the case in what is now called an appeal; but Paul, knowing the deadly enmity of the Jews, and the corruption of the governors, elected to be judged at the court of Caesar, which, as a Roman, he had the right to do. Ac 25:11. There is One who "cometh to judge the earth: with righteousness shall he judge the world, and the people with equity." Ps 98:9.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Now it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat, to judge the people, - and the people stood by Moses, from the morning, until the evening. And when Moses father-in-law saw all that he, was doing for the people, he said - What is this thing which, thou, art doing for the people? Wherefore art, thou, sitting alone, with all the people, stationed by thee, from morning until evening? read more. And Moses said to his father-in-law, - Because the people come in unto me to seek God: When they have a matter, they come in unto me, then do I judge between a man and his neighbour, - and make known the statutes of God and his laws. Then said Moses' father-in-law unto him, - Not good, is the thing that thou art doing. Thou wilt get quite worn out, both thou and this people that is with thee, - for the thing is too heavy for thee, thou canst not do it, alone. Now, hearken thou to my voice - let me counsel thee, and may God be with thee: Be, thou, for the people, in front of God, so shalt, thou, bring the matters unto God; and shalt cause to shine upon them, the statutes and the laws, - and make known to them the way wherein they should go, and the work they should do. Thou thyself, therefore shalt look out, from among all the people - men of ability, reverers of God, men of fidelity, haters of extortion, - and place them over them as rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. So shall they judge the people at any time, and it shall be, all the great matters, shall they bring in unto thee, but all the small matters, shall, they themselves, judge, - so, lighten thou the burden for thyself, and let them bear it with thee. If, this thing, thou wilt do, and God shall command thee, then shalt thou be able to endure, - yea, moreover, all this people, shall go in, unto their dwellings, contented. So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father-in-law, and did all that he had said; and Moses chose men of ability out of all Israel, and set them to be heads over the people, - rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. And they shall judge the people, at any time, - the hard matters, shall they bring in unto Moses, but all the small matters, shall, they themselves, judge.
Judges and officers, shalt thou appoint thee in all thy gates, which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee, by thy tribes, - and they shall judge the people, with righteous judgment,
When any matter of judgment, shall be too difficult for thee - between blood and blood between plea and plea or between stroke and stroke, matters of contention within thy gates, then shalt thou arise and go up unto the place which Yahweh thy God shall choose; and shalt come in unto the priests the Levites, and unto the judge who shall be in those days, - and shalt enquire and they shall declare unto thee, the sentence of judgment; read more. and thou shalt do according to the sentence which they shall declare unto thee, out of that place, which Yahweh, shall choose, - yea thou shalt observe to do according to all which they shall direct thee: according to the direction wherewith they direct thee and after the judgment which they shall announce to thee, shalt thou do, - thou shalt not turn aside from the sentence which they shall declare unto thee to the right hand or to the left. And, the man who shall do presumptuously by not hearkening unto the priest that standeth to minister there to Yahweh thy God, or unto the judge, that man shall die, and so shalt thou consume the wicked thing out of Israel.
And Absolom used to rise up early, and take his stand beside the way of the gate, - and so it was - when any man who had a controversy would come unto the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said: Of what city, art, thou? And he said, Of one of the tribes of Israel, is thy servant. And Absolom said unto him, See! thy cause, is good and right, - but, to hear it, thou hast no one, from the king.
Before Yahweh, for he is coming - to judge the earth, - He will judge the world, in righteousness, And the peoples, with equity.
If then, on the one hand, I am doing wrong, and, anything worthy of death, have committed, I excuse not myself from dying; but, on the other hand, if there is, nothing, in the things whereof these are accusing me, no man, hath power to give, me, unto them as a favour: - Unto Caesar, I appeal!
Smith
Appeal.
The principle, of appeal was recognized by the Mosaic law in the establishment of a central court under the presidency of the judge or ruler for the time being, before which all cased too difficult for the local court were to be tried.
De 17:8-9
According to the above regulation, the appeal lay in the time of the Judges to the judge,
and under the monarchy to the king. Jehoshaphat delegated his judicial authority to a court permanently established for the purpose.
These courts were re-established by Ezra.
After the institution of the Sanhedrin the final appeal lay to them. St. Paul, as a Roman citizen, exercized a right of appeal from the jurisdiction of the local court at Jerusalem to the emperor.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
When any matter of judgment, shall be too difficult for thee - between blood and blood between plea and plea or between stroke and stroke, matters of contention within thy gates, then shalt thou arise and go up unto the place which Yahweh thy God shall choose; and shalt come in unto the priests the Levites, and unto the judge who shall be in those days, - and shalt enquire and they shall declare unto thee, the sentence of judgment;
she used to sit, therefore, under the palm-tree of Deborah, between Ramah and Bethel, in the hill country of Ephraim, - and the sons of Israel came up to her, for justice.
And, even in Jerusalem, did Jehoshaphat station some of the Levites and the priests, and of the ancestral chiefs of Israel, to pronounce the just sentence of Yahweh, and to settle disputes, - when they returned to Jerusalem.
And, thou, Ezra, according to the wisdom of thy God that is in thy hand, appoint thou judges and magistrates, who shall administer justice to all the people that are Beyond the River, to all who know the law of thy God, - and, whoso knoweth not, ye shall teach.
If then, on the one hand, I am doing wrong, and, anything worthy of death, have committed, I excuse not myself from dying; but, on the other hand, if there is, nothing, in the things whereof these are accusing me, no man, hath power to give, me, unto them as a favour: - Unto Caesar, I appeal!