Reference: Church Government
Hastings
1. The general development seems fairly clear, though its later stages fall beyond NT times. The Apostles were founders of churches, and therefore regulated and supervised the first arrangements; then were added sundry local and unlocal rulers; then the unlocal died out, and the local settled down into the three permanent classes of bishops, elders, and deacons. The chief disputed questions concern the origin of the local ministry, its relation to the other, and the time and manner in which it settled down under the government of (monarchical) bishops.
2. Twice over St. Paul gives something like a list of the chief persons of the Church. In 1Co 12:28 he counts up
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beginning with the baptism of John until the day that He was taken up from us--one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection."
But Peter, taking his stand with the eleven, raised his voice and declared to them: "Men of Judea and all you who live in Jerusalem, let this be known to you and give heed to my words.
The young men got up and covered him up, and after carrying him out, they buried him.
So the twelve summoned the congregation of the disciples and said, "It is not desirable for us to neglect the word of God in order to serve tables.
And this they did, sending it in charge of Barnabas and Saul to the elders.
But motioning to them with his hand to be silent, he described to them how the Lord had led him out of the prison And he said, "Report these things to James and the brethren." Then he left and went to another place.
But Elymas the magician (for so his name is translated) was opposing them, seeking to turn the proconsul away from the faith.
But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard of it, they tore their robes and rushed out into the crowd, crying out
When they had appointed elders for them in every church, having prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord in whom they had believed.
"And God, who knows the heart, testified to them giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He also did to us;
Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, with the whole church, to choose men from among them to send to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas--Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brethren,
From Miletus he sent to Ephesus and called to him the elders of the church.
"Be on guard for yourselves and for all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood.
On the next day we left and came to Caesarea, and entering the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the seven, we stayed with him. Now this man had four virgin daughters who were prophetesses.
And the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present.
or he who exhorts, in his exhortation; he who gives, with liberality; he who leads, with diligence; he who shows mercy, with cheerfulness.
I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea;
Greet Andronicus and Junias, my kinsmen and my fellow prisoners, who are outstanding among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.
I say this to your shame Is it so, that there is not among you one wise man who will be able to decide between his brethren,
Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
But every woman who has her head uncovered while praying or prophesying disgraces her head, for she is one and the same as the woman whose head is shaved.
Does not even nature itself teach you that if a man has long hair, it is a dishonor to him,
And God has appointed in the church, first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, administrations, various kinds of tongues.
And God has appointed in the church, first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, administrations, various kinds of tongues.
and that He appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve.
Paul, an apostle (not sent from men nor through the agency of man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised Him from the dead),
But I did not see any other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
(for He who effectually worked for Peter in his apostleship to the circumcised effectually worked for me also to the Gentiles),
having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the corner stone,
which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men, as it has now been revealed to His holy apostles and prophets in the Spirit;
And He gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers,
And He gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers,
Paul and Timothy, bond-servants of Christ Jesus, To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, including the overseers and deacons:
But we request of you, brethren, that you appreciate those who diligently labor among you, and have charge over you in the Lord and give you instruction,
do not despise prophetic utterances.
Women must likewise be dignified, not malicious gossips, but temperate, faithful in all things.
Do not sharply rebuke an older man, but rather appeal to him as a father, to the younger men as brothers,
The elders who rule well are to be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching.
The elders who rule well are to be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who work hard at preaching and teaching.
For this reason I left you in Crete, that you would set in order what remains and appoint elders in every city as I directed you,
For the overseer must be above reproach as God's steward, not self-willed, not quick-tempered, not addicted to wine, not pugnacious, not fond of sordid gain,
Remember those who led you, who spoke the word of God to you; and considering the result of their conduct, imitate their faith.
Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they keep watch over your souls as those who will give an account. Let them do this with joy and not with grief, for this would be unprofitable for you.
But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath; but your yes is to be yes, and your no, no, so that you may not fall under judgment.
Is anyone among you sick? Then he must call for the elders of the church and they are to pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord;
Therefore, I exhort the elders among you, as your fellow elder and witness of the sufferings of Christ, and a partaker also of the glory that is to be revealed,
'But I have this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, and she teaches and leads My bond-servants astray so that they commit acts of immorality and eat things sacrificed to idols.
And the wall of the city had twelve foundation stones, and on them were the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.