Reference: Guard
Easton
(1.) Heb tabbah (properly a "cook," and in a secondary sense "executioner," because this office fell to the lot of the cook in Eastern countries), the bodyguard of the kings of Egypt (Ge 37:36) and Babylon (2Ki 25:8; Jer 40:1; Da 2:14).
(2.) Heb rats, properly a "courier," one whose office was to run before the king's chariot (2Sa 15:1; 1Ki 1:5). The couriers were also military guards (1Sa 22:17; 2Ki 10:25). They were probably the same who under David were called Pelethites (1Ki 14:27; 2Sa 15:1).
(3.) Heb mishmereth, one who watches (Ne 4:22), or a watch-station (Ne 7:3; 12:9; Job 7:12).
In the New Testament (Mr 6:27) the Authorized Version renders the Greek spekulator by "executioner," earlier English versions by "hangman," the Revised Version by "soldier of his guard." The word properly means a "pikeman" or "halberdier," of whom the bodyguard of kings and princes was composed. In Mt 27:65-66; 28:11, the Authorized Version renders the Greek kustodia by "watch," and the Revised Version by "guard," the Roman guard, which consisted of four soldiers, who were relieved every three hours (Ac 12:4). The "captain of the guard" mentioned Ac 28:16 was the commander of the Praetorian troops, whose duty it was to receive and take charge of all prisoners from the provinces.
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And in Egypt the men of Midian gave him for a price to Potiphar, a captain of high position in Pharaoh's house.
Then the king said to the runners who were waiting near him, Put the priests of the Lord to death; because they are on David's side, and having knowledge of his flight, did not give me word of it. But the king's servants would not put out their hands to make an attack on the Lord's priests.
Now after this, Absalom got for himself a carriage and horses, and fifty runners to go before him.
So in their place King Rehoboam had other body-covers made of brass, and gave them into the care of the captains of the armed men who were stationed at the door of the king's house.
Now in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, the captain of the armed men, a servant of the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem;
And at the same time I said to the people, Let everyone with his servant come inside Jerusalem for the night, so that at night they may keep watch for us, and go on working by day.
And I said to them, Do not let the doors of Jerusalem be open till the sun is high; and while the watchmen are in their places, let the doors be shut and locked: and let the people of Jerusalem be put on watch, every one in his watch, opposite his house.
Am I a sea, or a sea-beast, that you put a watch over me?
The word which came to Jeremiah from the Lord, after Nebuzaradan, the captain of the armed men, had let him go from Ramah, when he had taken him; for he had been put in chains, among all the prisoners of Jerusalem and Judah who were taken away prisoners to Babylon.
Then Daniel gave an answer with wisdom and good sense to Arioch, the captain of the king's armed men, who had gone out to put to death the wise men of Babylon;
Pilate said to them, You have watchmen; go and make it as safe as you are able. So they went, and made safe the place where his body was, putting a stamp on the stone, and the watchmen were with them.
Now, while they were going, some of the watchmen came into the town and gave news to the chief priests of all the things which had taken place.
And straight away the king sent out one of his armed men, and gave him an order to come back with the head: and he went and took off John's head in prison,
And having taken him, he put him in prison, with four bands of armed men to keep watch over him; his purpose being to take him out to the people after the Passover.
Fausets
tabbach. The king's executioner, literally, cook (Ge 37:36, margrin; 2Ki 25:8; Da 2:14). Rats ("the runner") who carried dispatches (2Ch 30:6), and also acted as military guard to the Jewish kings (2Sa 15:1). Mishmereth ("watchmen") (Ne 4:9,22).
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And in Egypt the men of Midian gave him for a price to Potiphar, a captain of high position in Pharaoh's house.
Now after this, Absalom got for himself a carriage and horses, and fifty runners to go before him.
Now in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, the captain of the armed men, a servant of the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem;
So runners went with letters from the king and his chiefs through all Israel and Judah, by the order of the king, saying, O children of Israel, come back again to the Lord, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, so that he may come again to that small band of you which has been kept safe out of the hands of the kings of Assyria.
But we made our prayer to God, and had men on watch against them day and night because of them.
And at the same time I said to the people, Let everyone with his servant come inside Jerusalem for the night, so that at night they may keep watch for us, and go on working by day.
Morish
1. mishmaath, from 'obedience,' a body-guard. 2Sa 23:23; 1Ch 11:25.
2. mishmar, a place where watch was kept. Ne 4:22-23; Eze 38:7.
3. ruts, 'to run,' runners, state couriers, who published edicts in the provinces, some of which would always be with the king. 1Ki 14:27-28; 2Ki 10:25; 11:4-19; 2Ch 12:10-11.
4. tabbach, slaughterer, executioner, attached to the body-guard of the king Ge 37:36; Da 2:14. This Hebrew word occurs in every other passage where the word 'guard' occurs.
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And in Egypt the men of Midian gave him for a price to Potiphar, a captain of high position in Pharaoh's house.
He was honoured over the rest of the thirty, but he was not equal to the first three. And David put him over the fighting men who kept him safe.
So in their place King Rehoboam had other body-covers made of brass, and gave them into the care of the captains of the armed men who were stationed at the door of the king's house. And whenever the king went into the house of the Lord, the armed men went with him taking the body-covers, and then took them back to their room.
And at the same time I said to the people, Let everyone with his servant come inside Jerusalem for the night, so that at night they may keep watch for us, and go on working by day. So not one of us, I or my brothers or my servants or the watchmen who were with me, took off his clothing, everyone went armed to the water.
Be ready, make yourself ready, you and all the forces who are with you, and be ready for my orders.