Reference: Guard
Easton
(1.) Heb tabbah (properly a "cook," and in a secondary sense "executioner," because this office fell to the lot of the cook in Eastern countries), the bodyguard of the kings of Egypt (Ge 37:36) and Babylon (2Ki 25:8; Jer 40:1; Da 2:14).
(2.) Heb rats, properly a "courier," one whose office was to run before the king's chariot (2Sa 15:1; 1Ki 1:5). The couriers were also military guards (1Sa 22:17; 2Ki 10:25). They were probably the same who under David were called Pelethites (1Ki 14:27; 2Sa 15:1).
(3.) Heb mishmereth, one who watches (Ne 4:22), or a watch-station (Ne 7:3; 12:9; Job 7:12).
In the New Testament (Mr 6:27) the Authorized Version renders the Greek spekulator by "executioner," earlier English versions by "hangman," the Revised Version by "soldier of his guard." The word properly means a "pikeman" or "halberdier," of whom the bodyguard of kings and princes was composed. In Mt 27:65-66; 28:11, the Authorized Version renders the Greek kustodia by "watch," and the Revised Version by "guard," the Roman guard, which consisted of four soldiers, who were relieved every three hours (Ac 12:4). The "captain of the guard" mentioned Ac 28:16 was the commander of the Praetorian troops, whose duty it was to receive and take charge of all prisoners from the provinces.
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And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, and captain of the guard.
And the king said unto the footmen that stood about him, Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD; because their hand also is with David, and because they knew when he fled, and did not show it to me. But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD.
And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared himself chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him.
And king Rehoboam made in their place bronze shields, and committed them unto the hands of the chief of the guard, who kept the door of the king's house.
And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which is the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem:
Likewise at the same time said I unto the people, Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and labor during the day.
And I said unto them, Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until the sun is hot; and while they stand guard, let them shut the doors, and bar them: and appoint guards from the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one at his station, and every one to be opposite his house.
Am I a sea, or a sea monster, that you set a watch over me?
The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, after Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard had let him go from Ramah, when he had taken him being bound in chains among all that were carried away captive of Jerusalem and Judah, who were carried away captive unto Babylon.
Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the captain of the king's guard, who had gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon:
Pilate said unto them, You have guards: go your way, make it as sure as you can. So they went, and made the sepulcher sure, sealing the stone, and setting a guard.
Now when they were going, behold, some of the guards came into the city, and announced unto the chief priests all the things that were done.
And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison,
And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four squads of soldiers to keep him; intending after the passover to bring him forth to the people.
And when we came to Rome, the centurion delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard: but Paul was allowed to dwell by himself with a soldier that kept him.
Fausets
tabbach. The king's executioner, literally, cook (Ge 37:36, margrin; 2Ki 25:8; Da 2:14). Rats ("the runner") who carried dispatches (2Ch 30:6), and also acted as military guard to the Jewish kings (2Sa 15:1). Mishmereth ("watchmen") (Ne 4:9,22).
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And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, and captain of the guard.
And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared himself chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him.
And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which is the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem:
So the runners went with the letters from the king and his princes throughout all Israel and Judah, and according to the commandment of the king, saying, You children of Israel, turn again unto the LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, and he will return to the remnant of you, that are escaped out of the hand of the kings of Assyria.
Nevertheless we made our prayer unto our God, and set a watch against them day and night, because of them.
Likewise at the same time said I unto the people, Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and labor during the day.
Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the captain of the king's guard, who had gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon:
Morish
1. mishmaath, from 'obedience,' a body-guard. 2Sa 23:23; 1Ch 11:25.
2. mishmar, a place where watch was kept. Ne 4:22-23; Eze 38:7.
3. ruts, 'to run,' runners, state couriers, who published edicts in the provinces, some of which would always be with the king. 1Ki 14:27-28; 2Ki 10:25; 11:4-19; 2Ch 12:10-11.
4. tabbach, slaughterer, executioner, attached to the body-guard of the king Ge 37:36; Da 2:14. This Hebrew word occurs in every other passage where the word 'guard' occurs.
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And the Midianites sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, and captain of the guard.
He was more honorable than the thirty, but he attained not to the first three. And David set him over his guard.
And king Rehoboam made in their place bronze shields, and committed them unto the hands of the chief of the guard, who kept the door of the king's house. And it was so, when the king went into the house of the LORD, that the guard bore them, and brought them back into the guard chamber.
Likewise at the same time said I unto the people, Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and labor during the day. So neither I, nor my brethren, nor my servants, nor the men of the guard who followed me, none of us put off our clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing.
Be prepared, and prepare for yourself, you, and all your company that are assembled unto you, and be a guard for them.
Then Daniel answered with counsel and wisdom to Arioch the captain of the king's guard, who had gone forth to slay the wise men of Babylon: