Reference: Sabaoth, Lord of
Fausets
Hebrew tsebaot (not Sabbath, an altogether different word), i.e. "of hosts", namely, of the heavenly powers (1Ki 22:19; Ps 103:21; 148:2; Ro 9:29; Jas 5:4, reminding the rich who think the poor have no advocate that the Lord of the whole hosts in heaven is their patron). Implying the boundless resources at His command for His people's good (Ps 59:5). The sabaoth included both the angelic and starry hosts. The latter were objects of the idolatry, hence called sabaism (2Ki 17:16). God is above even them (1Ch 16:26). The "groves" symbolized these starry hosts. In contrast, Jehovah is the Lord of them, therefore alone to be worshipped. The title does not occur in the Pentateuch, nor earlier than 1Sa 1:3, but in the singular Jos 5:14-15.
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And he said - Nay, but, I, as prince of the host of Yahweh, have, now, come. So Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and worshipped, and said unto him, What is my lord speaking unto his servant? Then said the prince of the host of Yahweh unto Joshua - Slip off thy sandals from thy feet, for, as for the place whereon thou art standing, holy, it is. And Joshua did so.
So then that man went up, out of his city, from time to time, to worship and to sacrifice unto Yahweh of hosts, in Shiloh, - and, there, were the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, priests unto Yahweh.
Then he said, Therefore, hear thou the word of Yahweh, - I saw Yahweh, sitting upon his throne, and all the host of the heavens, standing by him, on his right hand, and on his left.
But they forsook all the commandments of Yahweh their God, and made for themselves something molten - two calves, and made a Sacred Stem, and bowed themselves down to all the army of the heavens, and served Baal;
For, all the gods of the peoples, are things of nought, but, Yahweh, made, the heavens.
Thou, therefore, O Yahweh, God of hosts, God of Israel, Awake, to visit all the nations, Do not show favour to any iniquitous traitors. Selah.
Bless Yahweh, all ye his hosts, Attendants of his, doing his pleasure;
Praise him, all his messengers, Praise him, all his host;
And, even as Isaiah hath before said, - If, the Lord of hosts, had not left us a seed, as Sodom, had we become, and, as Gomorrha, had we been made like.
Lo, the wage of the workers who have out down your fields - that which hath been kept back, by you, is crying out; and, the outcries of them who reaped, into the ears of the Lord of hosts, have entered: