'Parties' in the Bible

Therefore that place was called Beersheba (Well of the Oath or Well of the Seven), because there the two of them swore an oath.

For every offense involving property, whether it concerns ox, donkey, sheep, clothing, or any piece of lost property, which another identifies as his, the case of both parties shall come before the judges [who act in God’s name]. Whomever the judges pronounce guilty shall pay double to his neighbor.

then both parties to the controversy shall stand before the Lord, before the priests and the judges who will be in office at that time.

What then is Apollos? And what is Paul? Just servants through whom you believed [in Christ], even as the Lord appointed to each his task.

Now I have applied these things [that is, the analogies about factions] to myself and Apollos for your benefit, believers, so that you may learn from us not to go beyond what is written [in Scripture], so that none of you will become arrogant and boast in favor of one [minister or teacher] against the other.

for [doubtless] there have to be factions among you, so that those who are of approved character may be clearly recognized among you.