Reference: Eucharist
Hastings
This is the earliest title for the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ. It is found in Ignatius and the Didache, and is based upon the eucharistia or giving of thanks with which our Lord set apart the bread and wine at the Last Supper as memorials of Himself (Mt 26:27; Lu 22:17,19; 1Co 11:24). The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately derived from 1Co 11:20, is not there applied to the sacrament itself, but to the Love-feast or Agape, a meal commemorating the Last Supper, and not yet separated from the Eucharist when St. Paul wrote. The irregularities rebuked by the Apostle (1Co 11:21,29) are such as could only have accompanied the wider celebration, and doubtless contributed to the speedy separation of the essential rite from the unnecessary accessories. The title Communion comes from 1Co 10:16, where, however, the word is a predicate not used technically. The breaking of (the) bread (Ac 2:42,46) probably refers to the Eucharist (cf. Ac 20:7; Lu 24:35?), but until modern times does not seem to have been adopted as a title.
1. The institution is recorded by each of the Synoptic Gospels, but not by St. John. A fourth account appears in 1 Corinthians.
As they were eating, he took bread, and when he had blessed, he brake it, and gave to them, and said. Take ye: this is my body. And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them: and they all drank of it. And he said unto them, This is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it; and he gave to the disciples, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And he took a cup, and gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many unto remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
Lu 22:14-20.
When the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him. And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: for I say unto you, I will not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves: for I say unto you, I will not drink from henceforth of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come. And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and gave to them, saying, This is my body [which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. And the cup in like manner after supper, saying. This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you].
I received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, how that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was betrayed took bread; and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said. This is my body, which is for you: this do in remembrance of me. In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
A comparison shows variations of minor importance between Mark and Matthew. But the most remarkable differences are those of Luke, which mentions what is apparently a second cup. It seems scarcely credible that at a supreme moment, like that in which a sacred rite was being established, our Lord should have created the possibility of confusion by solemnly delivering two of the Paschal cups, dividing between them the words which, according to the other Synoptics, belong, as it would seem appropriately, to one. Nor, if He were about to ballow a succeeding cup as Eucharistic, is it likely that He would have spoken of the fulfilment of the Paschal wine in relation to another (Lu 22:17). In spite, therefore, of the fact that the majority of MSS and Versions favour its inclusion, Westcott and Hort are probably right in regarding the passage inclosed in brackets above as an interpolation. With this omitted, the narrative is assimilated to the other Synoptics. The inversion of bread and cup, which now becomes apparent and which probably belongs not to Luke but to his source, is perhaps due to the fact that the writer, dwelling on the Lord's intention that the Passover should be fulfilled in a Messianic rite, records at the opening of his narrative a declaration similar to that which Matthew and Mark assign to a later stage, the delivery of the cup (Mt 26:29; Mr 14:25). These words, though referring more particularly to the Eucharistic bread, yet, as extending to the whole meal ('this passover'), require no mention of the action that would accompany them; whereas the companion statement concerning the fruit of the vine (Lu 22:18) necessitates the mention of the cup (Lu 22:17). The first half of Lu 22:19 (the consecration of the bread), which, if the account were symmetrical, would appear (as arranged in Rush-brooke's Synopticon) before Lu 22:15, is then added to complete the institution. A copyist, assuming a part of the narrative to be wanting, would then introduce, probably from a contemporary liturgical formula, the second half of Lu 22:19 and Lu 22:20, which bear a striking resemblance to the Pauline account, of which Luke is otherwise independent. A similar inversion is found in the sub-Apostolic Teaching of the Apostles.
2. From the Synoptic record the following inferences may be drawn: (1) The words of institution cannot themselves determine the meaning of the rite. Luke (unless v. 20 be genuine) omits 'This is my blood of the covenant.' [Notice also that the other traditional form varies the phrase
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And it shall be when your sons shall say to you, What this service to you? And they said, This the sacrifice of the passing over to Jehovah, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt in his striking the Egyptians, and he delivered our houses. And the people will bow down and will worship.
And they said, This the sacrifice of the passing over to Jehovah, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt in his striking the Egyptians, and he delivered our houses. And the people will bow down and will worship.
In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not bring forth out of the house from the flesh without, and ye shall not break a bone of it
And they will rise early early on the morrow, and they will raise up a burnt-offering, and they will bring near peace; and the people will sit down to eat and drink, and they will rise up to play.
Thou shalt not slaughter upon leaven, the blood of my sacrifice; and the sacrifice of the festival of the pass-over shall not be left to morning.
And he brought it to Aaron's sons the priests: and he pressed together from it his hand full from its fine flour, and from its oil, upon all its frankincense, and the priest burnt its memorial upon the altar, a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah.
And the priest lifted up from the gift its memorial, and burnt upon the altar: a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah.
And the priest burnt its memorial from its crushing and from its oil, upon all its frankincense: a sacrifice to Jehovah.
And he brought it to the priest, and the priest pressed from it his hand full, its memorial, and burnt upon the altar for sacrifices to Jehovah: it is sin.
And the flesh of the sacrifice of praise of his peace, in the day of his offering shall be eaten; he shall not leave from it till morning. And if a vow or a voluntary gift, the sacrifice of his offering in the day he brought it, his sacrifice it shall be eaten; and from the morrow that remaining from it shall be eaten. read more. And the remainder from the flesh of the sacrifice in the third day shall be burnt in fire. And if eating, he shall eat from the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace in the third day, it shall not be accepted; he bringing it near, it shall not be imputed to him: it shall be an abomination, and the soul eating from it shall bear its iniquity. And the flesh which shall touch upon any unclean thing shall not be eaten; it shall be burnt in fire: and of all clean flesh, the flesh shall be eaten. And the soul which shall eat the flesh of the sacrifice of peace which to Jehovah, and his uncleanness upon him, that soul was cut off from its people. And when a soul shall touch upon anything unclean, upon the uncleanness of man, or upon unclean cattle, or upon any abominable unclean thing, and eat from the flesh of the sacrifice of peace, which is to Jehovah, that soul was cut off from its people.
And give upon the row pure frankincense, and it was to the bread for a remembrance; a sacrifice to Jehovah.
And the priest took with the hand from the gift its remembrance, and burnt upon the altar, and afterward he shall cause the woman to drink the water.
And these men will say to him, We are unclean by the soul of man: wherefore shall we be withheld so as not to bring near an offering of Jehovah at his appointment, in the midst of the sons of Israel?
And the man who is clean, and was not in the way, and failed to do the passover, that soul was cut off from its people; for he brought not the offering of Jehovah at his appointment, that man shall bear his sin.
And in the day of your gladness, and in your appointments, and in the heads of your mouths, and ye shall sound with the trumpets over your burnt-offerings and over the sacrifices of your peace; and they were to you for a remembrance before your God: I am Jehovah your God.
But the place which Jehovah your God shall choose out of all your tribes to put his name there, to his dwelling shall ye seek, and there do thou come:
And rejoice ye before Jehovah your God, ye, and your sons and your daughters, and your servants, and your maids, and the Levite who is in your gates; for not to him a portion and inheritance with you.
And now, behold, I brought the first-fruits of the earth that thou Jehovah gave to me: and set thou it before Jehovah thy God, and worship before Jehovah thy God. And rejoice in all the good that Jehovah thy God gave to thee and to thy house, thou and the Levite and the stranger which is in the midst of them.
And Samuel will say, How shall I go? and Saul hearing, and killing me. And Jehovah will say, Thou shalt take a heifer of the cows in thy hand and say, To sacrifice to Jehovah I came.
And Samuel will say to Jesse, Are these the whole of the boys? And he will say, The small was yet left, and behold, he fed among the sheep. And Samuel will say to Jesse, Send and take him, for we will not turn about till his coming here.
And he shall build the temple of Jehovah; and he shall lift up the majesty, and he sat and ruled upon his throne: and he was priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them two.
Bringing polluted bread upon mine altar; and ye said, In what did we pollute thee? In your saying, The table of Jehovah it was despised.
And ye profaning it in your saying, The table of Jehovah it being polluted; and its fruit, its food was despised.
And they eating, Jesus, having taken the bread and praised, brake and gave to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. And having taken the cup, and given thanks, he gave to them, saying, Drink of it all ye.
And having taken the cup, and given thanks, he gave to them, saying, Drink of it all ye. For this is my blood, that of the new covenant, having been poured out for many, for the remission of sins.
For this is my blood, that of the new covenant, having been poured out for many, for the remission of sins. And I say to you, that I drink not from henceforth of this fruit of the vine, even till that day when I drink it new with you, in the kingdom of my Father.
And I say to you, that I drink not from henceforth of this fruit of the vine, even till that day when I drink it new with you, in the kingdom of my Father.
And he made the twelve, that they might be with him, and that he might send them forth to proclaim,
And they eating, Jesus having taken bread, having praised, brake, and gave them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And having taken the cup, having returned thanks, he gave them: and they all drank of it. read more. And he said to them, This is my blood, that of the new covenant, being poured out for many. Truly I say to you that I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, till that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
Truly I say to you that I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, till that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
And when it was the hour, he reclined, and the twelve sent with him. And he said to them, With eager desire have I desired to eat this pascha with you before I suffer:
And he said to them, With eager desire have I desired to eat this pascha with you before I suffer:
And he said to them, With eager desire have I desired to eat this pascha with you before I suffer: For I say to you, no more should I eat of it, till when it should be completed in the kingdom of God. read more. Having taken the cup, and returned thanks, he said, Take this, and divide among yourselves:
Having taken the cup, and returned thanks, he said, Take this, and divide among yourselves:
Having taken the cup, and returned thanks, he said, Take this, and divide among yourselves:
Having taken the cup, and returned thanks, he said, Take this, and divide among yourselves: For I say to you that I drink not of the fruit of the vine, till when the kingdom of God comes.
For I say to you that I drink not of the fruit of the vine, till when the kingdom of God comes. Having taken the bread, and returned thanks, he brake, and gave them, saying, This is my body given for you: this do ye for my remembrance.
Having taken the bread, and returned thanks, he brake, and gave them, saying, This is my body given for you: this do ye for my remembrance.
Having taken the bread, and returned thanks, he brake, and gave them, saying, This is my body given for you: this do ye for my remembrance.
Having taken the bread, and returned thanks, he brake, and gave them, saying, This is my body given for you: this do ye for my remembrance. Likewise also the cup after supping, saying, This the cup, the new covenant in my blood, poured out for you:
Likewise also the cup after supping, saying, This the cup, the new covenant in my blood, poured out for you: But, behold, the hand of him delivering me up with me at the table.
And a love of strife was in them, which of them thinks to be the greater. And he said to them, The kings of the nations rule over them; and they exercising power over them are called benefactors. read more. And ye not so: but let the greater with you be as the younger; and he leading, as he serving. For which the greater, he reclining, or he serving? is not he reclining and I am in the midst of you as he serving. And ye are they having remained with me in my temptations. And I set to you, as my Father set to me, a kingdom; That ye might eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and might sit upon thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. And the Lord said, Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded you, to sift as wheat: And I have supplicated for thee that thy faith fail not: and thou, when having turned back, confirm thy brethren. And he said to him, Lord, with thee am I ready to go, and to prison, and to death. And he said, I say to thee, Peter, the cock shall not utter a sound this day, before thou shalt thrice deny knowing me.
And they recounted the things in the way, and how he was known to them in the breaking of bread.
Then the Jews contended with one another, saying, How can he give us the flesh to eat Then said Jesus to them, Truly, truly, I say to you, except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in yourselves. read more. He chewing my flesh, and drinking my blood, has eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is truly food, and my blood is truly drink. He chewing my flesh, and drinking my blood, remains in me, and I in him. As the living Father sent me, and I live through the Father: also he chewing me, the same also shall live through me. This is the bread which having come down from heaven: not as your fathers ate manna, and died: he chewing this bread shall live forever.
It is the spirit making alive; the flesh profits nothing: the words which I speak to you are spirit, and are life.
For these were that the writing be completed, A bone of him shall not be broken.
For these were that the writing be completed, A bone of him shall not be broken.
And they were persevering in the teaching of the sent, and in mutual participation, and breaking of bread, and prayers.
And in the day persevering unanimously in the temple, and breaking bread in the house, they partook of food with lively joy and simplicity of heart,
And in one of the sabbaths, the disciples having been assembled together to break bread, Paul conversed with them being about to go forth the morrow; and he continued the word until midnight.
Therefore cleanse out the old leaven, that ye may be a new mixture, as ye are unleavened. For also our pascha was sacrificed for us, Christ:
Thus also the Lord appointed to them announcing good news to live of the good news.
The cup of praise which we praise, is it not the mutual participation of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the mutual participation of the body of Christ?
The cup of praise which we praise, is it not the mutual participation of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the mutual participation of the body of Christ?
The cup of praise which we praise, is it not the mutual participation of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the mutual participation of the body of Christ?
The cup of praise which we praise, is it not the mutual participation of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the mutual participation of the body of Christ? That, one bread, one body, we are many: for we all partake of one bread. read more. See ye Israel according to the flesh: are not they eating the sacrifices mutual participators of the altar?
But, that what things they sacrifice the nations sacrifice to demons, and not to God: and I will not ye be partakers of demons. Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of demons: ye cannot partake of the table of the Lord, and the table of demons.
Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of demons: ye cannot partake of the table of the Lord, and the table of demons.
And this announcing I approve not, that not for the better come ye together, but for the worse. For truly first, ye coming together in the church, I hear divisions to be among you; and some part I believe. read more. For there must be also sects among you, that the tried might be made manifest among you. Therefore ye coming together upon the same, it is not to eat the Lord's supper.
Therefore ye coming together upon the same, it is not to eat the Lord's supper. For each takes his own supper in eating: and one is truly hungry, and one is intoxicated.
For each takes his own supper in eating: and one is truly hungry, and one is intoxicated.
For each takes his own supper in eating: and one is truly hungry, and one is intoxicated. For, have ye not houses for eating and drinking? or despise ye the church of God, and shame them not having? What should I say to you? shall I praise you in this? I praise not.
For, have ye not houses for eating and drinking? or despise ye the church of God, and shame them not having? What should I say to you? shall I praise you in this? I praise not. For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, That the Lord Jesus, in the night which he was delivered up, took bread:
For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, That the Lord Jesus, in the night which he was delivered up, took bread: And having given thanks, he brake, and said, Take ye, eat; this is my body, broken for you: this do ye for my remembrance.
And having given thanks, he brake, and said, Take ye, eat; this is my body, broken for you: this do ye for my remembrance.
And having given thanks, he brake, and said, Take ye, eat; this is my body, broken for you: this do ye for my remembrance. Likewise the cup also, after supping, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do ye, as often as ye drink, for my remembrance.
Likewise the cup also, after supping, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do ye, as often as ye drink, for my remembrance.
Likewise the cup also, after supping, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do ye, as often as ye drink, for my remembrance. For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye announce the Lord's death till he come.
For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye announce the Lord's death till he come.
For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye announce the Lord's death till he come.
For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye announce the Lord's death till he come. Therefore whoever should eat this bread, and drink the cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be liable to the penalty of the body and blood of the Lord.
Therefore whoever should eat this bread, and drink the cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be liable to the penalty of the body and blood of the Lord.
Therefore whoever should eat this bread, and drink the cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be liable to the penalty of the body and blood of the Lord. And let a man try himself, and so eat of the bread, and drink of the cup. read more. For he eating and drinking unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
For he eating and drinking unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
For he eating and drinking unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
For he eating and drinking unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. For this many among you weak and sick, and enough are asleep. read more. For if we examined ourselves, we should not be judged.
For if we examined ourselves, we should not be judged. And being judged, we are corrected of the Lord, lest we be condemned with the world. read more. Therefore, my brethren, coming together to eat, succeed one another. And if any hunger, let him eat in the house; lest ye come together for judgment. And the rest when I come I will regulate.
For I delivered to you among the first, what I also received, that Christ died for our sins, according to the writings;
I wonder that so quickly are ye transferred from him having called you by the grace of Christ to another good news: Which is not another; except some are troubling you, and wishing to pervert the good news of Christ. read more. But also if we, or a messenger from heaven, announce good news to you, more than what: we have announced to you, let him be anathema. As we said before, also now say I again, If any announce to you good news above what ye received, let him be anathema.
And the summary to the things spoken: We have such a chief priest, who sat on the throne of the Majesty in the heavens;
In which will we are consecrated by the bringing in of the body of Jesus Christ once.
For by one offering has he perfected forever the consecrated.
Having therefore, brethren, freedom of speech for the entering in of the holies by the blood of Jesus, A way publicly declared and living, which he consecrated to us, through the veil, that is, his flesh; read more. And a great priest over the house of God; Let us approach with a true heart in complete certainty of faith, having our hearts besprinkled from an evil consciousness, and having our bodies washed with pure water.
And he living, and I was dead; and, behold, I am living for the times of times, Amen; and have the keys of hades and of death.
And I saw, and, behold, in the midst of the throne and of the four living creatures, and in the midst of the elders, a Lamb standing as having been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent into all the earth.
Morish
See LORD'S SUPPER.
Watsons
EUCHARIST, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. The word, in its original Greek, ??????????, properly signifies giving thanks; from the hymns and thanksgivings which accompanied that holy service in the primitive church. See LORD'S SUPPER.