Reference: Dung
American
Among the Israelites, the dung of animals was used only for manure, but, when dried, for fuel. In districts where wood is scarce, the inhabitants are very careful in collecting the dung of camels and asses; it is mixed with chopped straw, and dried. It is not unusual to see a whole village with portions of this material adhering to the walls of the cottages to dry; and towards the end of autumn it is piled in conical heaps or stacks on the roof. It is employed in heating ovens, and for other similar purposes, Eze 4:12-16. The use of dung for manure is intimated in Isa 25:10.
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For the Lord's power will make this mountain secure. Moab will be trampled down where it stands, as a heap of straw is trampled down in a manure pile.
And you must eat the food like you would a barley cake. You must bake it in front of them over a fire made with dried human excrement." And the Lord said, "This is how the people of Israel will eat their unclean food among the nations where I will banish them." read more. And I said, "Ah, sovereign Lord, I have never been ceremonially defiled before. I have never eaten a carcass or an animal torn by wild beasts; from my youth up, unclean meat has never entered my mouth." So he said to me, "All right then, I will substitute cow's manure instead of human excrement. You will cook your food over it." Then he said to me, "Son of man, I am about to remove the bread supply in Jerusalem. They will eat their bread ration anxiously, and they will drink their water ration in terror
Easton
(1.) Used as manure (Lu 13:8); collected outside the city walls (Ne 2:13). Of sacrifices, burned outside the camp (Ex 29:14; Le 4:11; 8:17; Nu 19:5). To be "cast out as dung," a figurative expression (1Ki 14:10; 2Ki 9:37; Jer 8:2; Ps 18:42), meaning to be rejected as unprofitable.
(2.) Used as fuel, a substitute for firewood, which was with difficulty procured in Syria, Arabia, and Egypt (Eze 4:12-15), where cows' and camels' dung is used to the present day for this purpose.
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But the meat of the bull, its skin, and its dung you are to burn up outside the camp. It is the purification offering.
But the hide of the bull, all its flesh along with its head and its legs, its entrails, and its dung --
but the rest of the bull -- its hide, its flesh, and its dung -- he completely burned up outside the camp just as the Lord had commanded Moses.
Then the heifer must be burned in his sight -- its skin, its flesh, its blood, and its offal is to be burned.
So I am ready to bring disaster on the dynasty of Jeroboam. I will cut off every last male belonging to Jeroboam in Israel, including even the weak and incapacitated. I will burn up the dynasty of Jeroboam, just as one burns manure until it is completely consumed.
I proceeded through the Valley Gate by night, in the direction of the Well of the Dragons and the Dung Gate, inspecting the walls of Jerusalem that had been breached and its gates that had been destroyed by fire.
I grind them as fine windblown dust; I beat them underfoot like clay in the streets.
They will be spread out and exposed to the sun, the moon and the stars. These are things they adored and served, things to which they paid allegiance, from which they sought guidance, and worshiped. The bones of these people will never be regathered and reburied. They will be like manure used to fertilize the ground.
And you must eat the food like you would a barley cake. You must bake it in front of them over a fire made with dried human excrement." And the Lord said, "This is how the people of Israel will eat their unclean food among the nations where I will banish them." read more. And I said, "Ah, sovereign Lord, I have never been ceremonially defiled before. I have never eaten a carcass or an animal torn by wild beasts; from my youth up, unclean meat has never entered my mouth." So he said to me, "All right then, I will substitute cow's manure instead of human excrement. You will cook your food over it."
But the worker answered him, 'Sir, leave it alone this year too, until I dig around it and put fertilizer on it.
Fausets
Used as manure and fuel. Straw was trodden in the water of the dungheap to make it manure (compare Ps 83:10). Isa 25:10, "Moab shall be trodden down ... as straw is trodden down for the dunghill"; also Isa 5:25, margin The dung sweepings of the streets were collected in heaps at fixed places outside the walls, e.g. "the dung gate" at Jerusalem (Ne 2:13), and thence removed to the fields. The dunghill is the image of the deepest degradation (Ps 113:7; La 4:5; 1Sa 2:8). Manure is inserted in holes dug about the roots of fruit trees to the present day in S. Italy (Lu 13:8). The dung of sacrifices was burnt outside the camp (Ex 29:14). In Mal 2:3, "I will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your solemn feasts," the point is, the maw was the priests' prequisite (De 18:3); you shall get the dung in the maw, instead of the maw.
The sanctity of the Israelites' camp through Jehovah's presence is made the ground for rules of cleanliness such as in De 23:12. The removal to separate receptacles, and exposure of human and other ordure, gives the force to the threats, Da 2:5; 3:29; Ezr 6:11; 2Ki 10:27; "a draught house," 2Ki 9:37; 1Ki 14:10; Jer 8:2. In Isa 36:12 the sense is, "Is it to thy master and thee I am sent? Nay, it is to the men off the wall, to let them know that (so far am I from wishing them not to hear), if they do not surrender they shall be reduced to eating their own excrement." (2Ch 32:11). Scarcity of fuel necessitated the use of cows' dung and camels' dung, formed in cakes with straw added, for heating ovens as at this day; but to use human dung implied cruel necessity (Eze 4:12). In Php 3:8, "I do count them dung," skubala means "refuse cast to the dogs."
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But the meat of the bull, its skin, and its dung you are to burn up outside the camp. It is the purification offering.
This shall be the priests' fair allotment from the people who offer sacrifices, whether bull or sheep -- they must give to the priest the shoulder, the jowls, and the stomach.
You are to have a place outside the camp to serve as a latrine.
Jezebel's corpse will be like manure on the surface of the ground in the plot of land at Jezreel. People will not be able to even recognize her.'"
Hezekiah says, "The Lord our God will rescue us from the power of the king of Assyria." But he is misleading you and you will die of hunger and thirst!
"I hereby give orders that if anyone changes this directive a beam is to be pulled out from his house and he is to be raised up and impaled on it, and his house is to be reduced to a rubbish heap for this indiscretion.
I proceeded through the Valley Gate by night, in the direction of the Well of the Dragons and the Dung Gate, inspecting the walls of Jerusalem that had been breached and its gates that had been destroyed by fire.
They were destroyed at Endor; their corpses were like manure on the ground.
He raises the poor from the dirt, and lifts up the needy from the garbage pile,
So the Lord is furious with his people; he lifts his hand and strikes them. The mountains shake, and corpses lie like manure in the middle of the streets. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again.
For the Lord's power will make this mountain secure. Moab will be trampled down where it stands, as a heap of straw is trampled down in a manure pile.
But the chief adviser said, "My master did not send me to speak these words only to your master and to you. His message is also for the men who sit on the wall, for they will eat their own excrement and drink their own urine along with you!"
They will be spread out and exposed to the sun, the moon and the stars. These are things they adored and served, things to which they paid allegiance, from which they sought guidance, and worshiped. The bones of these people will never be regathered and reburied. They will be like manure used to fertilize the ground.
(He) Those who once feasted on delicacies are now starving to death in the streets. Those who grew up wearing expensive clothes are now dying amid garbage.
And you must eat the food like you would a barley cake. You must bake it in front of them over a fire made with dried human excrement."
The king replied to the wise men, "My decision is firm. If you do not inform me of both the dream and its interpretation, you will be dismembered and your homes reduced to rubble!
I hereby decree that any people, nation, or language group that blasphemes the god of Shadrach, Meshach, or Abednego will be dismembered and his home reduced to rubble! For there exists no other god who can deliver in this way."
I am about to discipline your children and will spread offal on your faces, the very offal produced at your festivals, and you will be carried away along with it.
But the worker answered him, 'Sir, leave it alone this year too, until I dig around it and put fertilizer on it.
More than that, I now regard all things as liabilities compared to the far greater value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things -- indeed, I regard them as dung! -- that I may gain Christ,
Hastings
1. Used in the East as manure (Lu 13:8) and for fuel; especially that of cattle, where wood and charcoal are scarce or unattainable. Directions for personal cleanliness are given in De 23:10-14; and in the case of sacrifices the dung of the animals was burnt outside the camp (Ex 29:14; Le 4:11-12; 8:17; Nu 19:5). 2. The word is used (a) to express contempt and abhorrence, as in the case of the carcase of Jezebel (2Ki 9:37); and in that of the Jews (Jer 9:22; Zep 1:17). (b) To spread dung upon the face was a sign of humiliation (Mal 2:3). (c) As representing worthlessness, Paul counted all things but dung that he might win Christ (Php 3:8).
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But the meat of the bull, its skin, and its dung you are to burn up outside the camp. It is the purification offering.
But the hide of the bull, all its flesh along with its head and its legs, its entrails, and its dung -- all the rest of the bull -- he must bring outside the camp to a ceremonially clean place, to the fatty ash pile, and he must burn it on a wood fire; it must be burned on the fatty ash pile.
but the rest of the bull -- its hide, its flesh, and its dung -- he completely burned up outside the camp just as the Lord had commanded Moses.
Then the heifer must be burned in his sight -- its skin, its flesh, its blood, and its offal is to be burned.
If there is someone among you who is impure because of some nocturnal emission, he must leave the camp; he may not reenter it immediately. When evening arrives he must wash himself with water and then at sunset he may reenter the camp. read more. You are to have a place outside the camp to serve as a latrine. You must have a spade among your other equipment and when you relieve yourself outside you must dig a hole with the spade and then turn and cover your excrement. For the Lord your God walks about in the middle of your camp to deliver you and defeat your enemies for you. Therefore your camp should be holy, so that he does not see anything indecent among you and turn away from you.
Jezebel's corpse will be like manure on the surface of the ground in the plot of land at Jezreel. People will not be able to even recognize her.'"
Tell your daughters and neighbors, 'The Lord says, "The dead bodies of people will lie scattered everywhere like manure scattered on a field. They will lie scattered on the ground like grain that has been cut down but has not been gathered."'"
I will bring distress on the people and they will stumble like blind men, for they have sinned against the Lord. Their blood will be poured out like dirt; their flesh will be scattered like manure.
I am about to discipline your children and will spread offal on your faces, the very offal produced at your festivals, and you will be carried away along with it.
But the worker answered him, 'Sir, leave it alone this year too, until I dig around it and put fertilizer on it.
More than that, I now regard all things as liabilities compared to the far greater value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things -- indeed, I regard them as dung! -- that I may gain Christ,
Smith
Dung.
The uses of dung were two-fold --as manure and as fuel. The manure consisted either of straw steeped in liquid manure,
or the sweepings,
of the streets and roads, which were carefully removed from about the houses, and collected in heaps outside the walls of the towns at fixed spots --hence the dung-gate at Jerusalem --and thence removed in due course to the fields. The difficulty of procuring fuel in Syria, Arabia and Egypt has made dung in all ages valuable as a substitute. It was probably used for heating ovens and for baking cakes,
the equable heat which it produced adapting it pecularily for the latter operation. Cow's and camels dung is still used for a similar purpose by the Bedouins.
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Now let the king be aware that the Jews who came up to us from you have gone to Jerusalem. They are rebuilding that rebellious and odious city. They are completing its walls and repairing its foundations.
so that he may initiate a search of the records of his predecessors and discover in those records that this city is rebellious and injurious to both kings and provinces, producing internal revolts from long ago. It is for this very reason that this city was destroyed.
So the Lord is furious with his people; he lifts his hand and strikes them. The mountains shake, and corpses lie like manure in the middle of the streets. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again.
For the Lord's power will make this mountain secure. Moab will be trampled down where it stands, as a heap of straw is trampled down in a manure pile.