Reference: Guard
Easton
(1.) Heb tabbah (properly a "cook," and in a secondary sense "executioner," because this office fell to the lot of the cook in Eastern countries), the bodyguard of the kings of Egypt (Ge 37:36) and Babylon (2Ki 25:8; Jer 40:1; Da 2:14).
(2.) Heb rats, properly a "courier," one whose office was to run before the king's chariot (2Sa 15:1; 1Ki 1:5). The couriers were also military guards (1Sa 22:17; 2Ki 10:25). They were probably the same who under David were called Pelethites (1Ki 14:27; 2Sa 15:1).
(3.) Heb mishmereth, one who watches (Ne 4:22), or a watch-station (Ne 7:3; 12:9; Job 7:12).
In the New Testament (Mr 6:27) the Authorized Version renders the Greek spekulator by "executioner," earlier English versions by "hangman," the Revised Version by "soldier of his guard." The word properly means a "pikeman" or "halberdier," of whom the bodyguard of kings and princes was composed. In Mt 27:65-66; 28:11, the Authorized Version renders the Greek kustodia by "watch," and the Revised Version by "guard," the Roman guard, which consisted of four soldiers, who were relieved every three hours (Ac 12:4). The "captain of the guard" mentioned Ac 28:16 was the commander of the Praetorian troops, whose duty it was to receive and take charge of all prisoners from the provinces.
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Now, the Midianites, sold him into Egypt, - to Potiphar courtier of Pharaoh, chief of the royal executioners.
And the king said unto the runners that were stationed by him - Turn ye round and put to death the priests of Yahweh, because, their hand also, is with David, and because they knew that he was, in flight, and unveiled not mine ear. But the servants of the king were not willing to thrust forth their hand, to fall upon the priests of Yahweh.
And it came to pass, after this, that Absolom prepared him chariots and horses, - and fifty men, to run before him.
So King Rehoboam made, in their stead, bucklers of bronze, - and committed them unto the hand of the captains of the runners, who kept guard at the entrance of the house of the king.
And, in the fifth month, on the seventh of the month, the same, was the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan, chief of the royal executioners, servant of the king of Babylon, to Jerusalem;
Moreover, at that time, I said to the people, Let, every one with his young man, lodge for the night in the midst of Jerusalem, - so shall they serve us, in the night, as a watch, and, the day, for work.
And I said unto them, Let not the gates of Jerusalem be opened until, hot, be the sun, and, while they are standing by, let them close the doors, and make them fast, - setting watches, of the inhabitants of Jerusalem, every one in his watch, and every one over against his own house.
Am, I, a sea, or a sea-monster, - That thou shouldst set over me a watch?
The thing that happened unto Jeremiah, from Yahweh, after Nebuzaradan chief of the royal executioners had let him go from Ramah, - when he had taken him, he having been bound in fetters in the midst of all the captive-host of Jerusalem, and Judah, who were being carried away captive to Babylon.
Immediately, Daniel, made answer with prudence and discretion, to Arioch, chief of the executioners of the king, - who had come forth to slay the wise men of Babylon:
Pilate saith unto them - Ye have a guard: Go your way, secure it for yourselves, as ye know how. And, they, went and secured for themselves the sepulchre, sealing the stone, with the guard.
Now as they were, going, 1o! certain of the guard, went into the city and reported unto the High-priests all the things that had come to pass;
And the king, straightway, sending off a guard, gave orders to bring his head.
Whom also having seized, he put into prison, delivering him up unto four quaternions of soldiers, to be guarding him, - intending, after the passover, to bring him up unto the people.
And, when we entered into Rome, Paul was suffered to abide by himself, with the soldier that guarded him.
Fausets
tabbach. The king's executioner, literally, cook (Ge 37:36, margrin; 2Ki 25:8; Da 2:14). Rats ("the runner") who carried dispatches (2Ch 30:6), and also acted as military guard to the Jewish kings (2Sa 15:1). Mishmereth ("watchmen") (Ne 4:9,22).
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Now, the Midianites, sold him into Egypt, - to Potiphar courtier of Pharaoh, chief of the royal executioners.
And it came to pass, after this, that Absolom prepared him chariots and horses, - and fifty men, to run before him.
And, in the fifth month, on the seventh of the month, the same, was the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan, chief of the royal executioners, servant of the king of Babylon, to Jerusalem;
The runners, therefore, went with letters from the hand of the king and his rulers, throughout all Israel and Judah, and according to the commandment of the king, saying, - Ye sons of Israel, return ye unto Yahweh, God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, and he will return unto the remnant, that which is left to you, out of the hand of the kings of Assyria.
howbeit we prayed unto our God, - and set a watch against them, day and night, because of them.
Moreover, at that time, I said to the people, Let, every one with his young man, lodge for the night in the midst of Jerusalem, - so shall they serve us, in the night, as a watch, and, the day, for work.
Immediately, Daniel, made answer with prudence and discretion, to Arioch, chief of the executioners of the king, - who had come forth to slay the wise men of Babylon:
Morish
1. mishmaath, from 'obedience,' a body-guard. 2Sa 23:23; 1Ch 11:25.
2. mishmar, a place where watch was kept. Ne 4:22-23; Eze 38:7.
3. ruts, 'to run,' runners, state couriers, who published edicts in the provinces, some of which would always be with the king. 1Ki 14:27-28; 2Ki 10:25; 11:4-19; 2Ch 12:10-11.
4. tabbach, slaughterer, executioner, attached to the body-guard of the king Ge 37:36; Da 2:14. This Hebrew word occurs in every other passage where the word 'guard' occurs.
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Now, the Midianites, sold him into Egypt, - to Potiphar courtier of Pharaoh, chief of the royal executioners.
He was the most honourable, of thirty, although, unto the three, he attained no, - so David added him to his council.
So King Rehoboam made, in their stead, bucklers of bronze, - and committed them unto the hand of the captains of the runners, who kept guard at the entrance of the house of the king. And so it was, whensoever the king went into the house of Yahweh, the runners bare them, and then brought them back into the chamber of the runners.
Moreover, at that time, I said to the people, Let, every one with his young man, lodge for the night in the midst of Jerusalem, - so shall they serve us, in the night, as a watch, and, the day, for work. So neither I, nor my brethren, nor my young men, nor the men of the watch that followed me, none of us, put off our clothes, - every one went with his weapon to the water.
Be ready, and show thyself ready, Thou and all thy gathered host who have gathered themselves unto thee, - And become thou for me a guard.
Immediately, Daniel, made answer with prudence and discretion, to Arioch, chief of the executioners of the king, - who had come forth to slay the wise men of Babylon: