Reference: Hexateuch
Hastings
The first five books of the OT were known in Jewish circles as 'the five-fifths of the Law.' Christian scholars as early as Tertullian and Origen adopted the name Pentateuch, corresponding to their Jewish title, as a convenient designation of these books. 'The Law' was regarded as a unique and authoritative exposition of all individual and social conduct within Israel: a wide gulf seemed to divide it from the Book of Joshua, which inaugurated the series of historical books known as 'the Latter Prophets.' As a matter of fact, this division is wholly artificial. The five books of the Law are primarily intended to present the reader not with a codification of the legal system, but with some account of the antiquities and origins of Israel, as regards their religious worship, their political position, and their social arrangements. From this standpoint, nothing could be more arbitrary than to treat the Book of Joshua as the beginning of an entirely new series: 'its contents, and, still more, its literary structure, show that it is intimately connected with the Pentateuch, and describes the final stage in the history of the Origines of the Hebrew nation' (Driver, LOT [Note: OT Introd. to the Literature of the Old Testament.] 103). Critics have accordingly invented the name Hexateuch to emphasize this unity; and the name has now become universally accepted as an appropriate description of the first six volumes of the OT. In this article we propose to consider (I.) the composition, (II.) the criticism, and (III.) the characteristics of the Hexateuch.
I. Composition of the Hexateuch.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that LORD God made earth and heaven. And no plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up, for LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth. And there was not a man to till the ground, read more. but there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground. And LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul. And LORD God planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed. And out of the ground LORD God made to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food, also the tree of life in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. And a river went out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it was divided, and became four heads. The name of the first is Pishon. That is it which encompasses the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. And the gold of that land is good. There is bdellium and the onyx stone. And the name of the second river is Gihon. The same is it which encompasses the whole land of Cush. And the name of the third river is Hiddekel [Tigris]. That is it which goes in front of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates. And LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. And LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou may freely eat, but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shall not eat of it. For in the day that thou eat of it thou shall surely die. And LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone, I will make a help meet for him. And out of the ground LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every bird of the heavens, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them, and whatever the man called every living creature, that was the name of it. And the man gave names to all cattle, and to the birds of the heavens, and to every beast of the field, but for man there was not found a help meet for him. And LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept. And [God] took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in place of it. And the rib, which LORD God had taken from the man, he made a woman, and brought her to the man. And the man said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. She shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother, and shall cling to his wife, and {the two (LXX/NT)} shall be one flesh. And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
But I will establish my covenant with thee. And thou shall come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons' wives with thee. And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort thou shall bring into the ark, to keep them alive with thee. They shall be male and female.
And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every sort thou shall bring into the ark, to keep them alive with thee. They shall be male and female. Of the birds according to their kind, and of the cattle according to their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground according to its kind. Two of every sort shall come to thee, to keep them alive. read more. And take thou to thee of all food that is eaten, and gather it to thee, and it shall be for food for thee, and for them. Thus Noah did; according to all that God commanded him, so he did.
Of every clean beast thou shall take to thee by sevens, the male and his female. And of the beasts that are not clean two, the male and his female. Also of the birds of the heavens by sevens, male and female, to keep seed alive upon the face of all the earth.
And they went in to Noah into the ark, two by two of all flesh in which is the breath of life.
And Abram passed through the land to the place of Shechem, to the oak of Moreh. And the Canaanite was then in the land.
And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before any king reigned over the sons of Israel.
And a certain man found him, and, behold, he was wandering in the field. And the man asked him, saying, What do thou seek? And he said, I am seeking my brothers. Tell me, I pray thee, where they are feeding. read more. And the man said, They are departed from here, for I heard them say, Let us go to Dothan. And Joseph went after his brothers, and found them in Dothan. And they saw him afar off. And before he came near to them, they conspired against him to kill him. And they said one to another, Behold, this dreamer comes. Come now therefore, and let us kill him, and cast him into one of the pits. And we will say, An evil beast has devoured him. And we shall see what will become of his dreams.
And LORD said to Moses, Pharaoh's heart is stubborn; he refuses to let the people go.
And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh. And LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.
And LORD said to Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua: that I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.
And Moses wrote all the words of LORD, and rose up early in the morning, and built an altar below the mount, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel.
And he took the book of the covenant, and read in the audience of the people. And they said, All that LORD has spoken will we do, and be obedient.
Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men who were upon the face of the earth.
When thou have come to the land which LORD thy God gives thee, and shall possess it, and shall dwell in it, and shall say, I will set a king over me like all the nations that are round about me,
And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished,
And there has not arisen a prophet since in Israel like Moses, whom LORD knew face to face,
And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God. And he took a great stone, and set it up there under the oak that was by the sanctuary of LORD.