Reference: Hiram
Easton
high-born. (1.) Generally "Huram," one of the sons of Bela (1Ch 8:5).
(2.) Also "Huram" and "Horam," king of Tyre. He entered into an alliance with David, and assisted him in building his palace by sending him able workmen, and also cedar-trees and fir-trees from Lebanon (2Sa 5:11; 1Ch 14:1). After the death of David he entered into a similar alliance with Solomon, and assisted him greatly in building the temple (1Ki 5:1; 9:11; 2Ch 2:3). He also took part in Solomon's traffic to the Eastern Seas (1Ki 9:27; 10:11; 2Ch 8:18; 9:10).
(3.) The "master workman" whom Hiram sent to Solomon. He was the son of a widow of Dan, and of a Tyrian father. In 2Ch 2:13 "Huram my father" should be Huram Abi, the word "Abi" (rendered here "my father") being regarded as a proper name, or it may perhaps be a title of distinction given to Huram, and equivalent to "master." (Comp. 1Ki 7:14; 2Ch 4:16.) He cast the magnificent brazen works for Solomon's temple in clay-beds in the valley of Jordan, between Succoth and Zarthan.
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And Hiram, king of Tyre, will send messengers to David, and wood of cedars and artificers of wood, and artificers of stone of the wall: and they will build a house for David.
And Hiram king of Tyre will send his servants to Solomon for he heard that they anointed him for king instead of his father: for Hiram was loving to David all the days.
Son of a widow woman from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father a Tyrian man, an artificer of brass; and he will be filled with wisdom and understanding, and knowledge to do all the work in brass. And he will come to king Solomon and do all his works.
(Hiram, king of Tyre, aided Solomon in woods of cedars and in woods of cypresses, and in gold to all his desire) then king Solomon will give Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee.
And Hiram will send in the ships his servants, men of ships, knowing the sea with Solomon's servants.
And also the ship of Hiram which lifted up gold from Ophir, brought from Ophir woods of almugs very many, and precious stone.
And now I sent a wise man knowing understanding to Huram my father,
Fausets
(Huram in Chronicles usually, except 1Ch 14:1, in the ketibh, the original Hebrew text).
1. King of Tyre. Sent carpenters, masons, and cedars to David to build his palace (2Sa 5:11). Eupolemon (see Polyhistor, Fragm. Hist. Greek, 3 fr. 18), apparently on the authority of Dius and Menunder of Ephesus in file time of Alexander the Great, states, "David reduced the Syrians near the Euphrates, and Commagene, the Assy. finns, and Phoenicians in Gilead, Edom, Ammon, Moab, Ituraeans, and Nabathaeans; and made an expedition against Suron (Huram?) king of Tyre and Phoenicia, and compelled them all to pay tribute to the Jews." This confirms 2 Samuel 8; 9, and adds particulars drawn probably from Phoenician or other non-Israelite sources. Hiram was "ever a lover of David" (1Ki 5:1,10-12). So he made a "league" with his son Solomon (beriyt, "a covenant," recognizing Jehovah, and guaranteeing to Jewish sojourners at Tyre religious liberty).
The mention that "there was peace between Hiram and Solomon" may hint at there having been once war between Hiram and David, before Hiram became "a lover of David." Hiram gave Solomon for the temple cedars and firs, and gold, six score talents, according to all his desire, and Solomon in return gave Hiram 20,000 measures of wheat and 26 measures of pure oil yearly; the mercantile coast cities being dependent on the grain and olive abounding region of Palestine (Ac 12:20 end). Solomon also gave Hiram 20 cities in Galilee, which did not satisfy him, and which therefore he called Cabul. (See CABUL.) (1Ki 9:11-14,27-28).
Tyre is threatened with punishment for delivering the Jewish captives to Edom, and not remembering "the brotherly covenant," namely, between Hiram and David and Solomon. Hiram sent also in the navy expert shipmen to Ophir from Ezion-Geber, with Solomon's servants; and a navy. (See OPHIR.) With Solomon's navy of Tharshish (1Ki 10:22) to share in the Mediterranean trade. Dius assigns to Hiram a 34 years' reign, and names Abibal as his father, Baleazar as his son and successor. Josephus (Ant. 8:2, section 8) States that the correspondence between Hiram and Solomon was kept in his day among the Tyrian archives.
2. King Hiram sent to Solomon an overseer of workmen skilled in working gold, silver, brass, iron, stone, wood, purple, linen, etc. Bezaleel, similarly (Ex 31:18), but by supernatural endowment, combined weaving with metallurgy. He cast the two great brass pillars of the temple, and made the lavers, shovels and basins (1Ki 7:13-40). He is called "my father," i.e. a title of honour, counselor, master workman (Ge 45:8). "Son of a widow of Naphtali," but in 2Ch 2:13-14, of one "of the daughters of Dan," i.e. she was by birth a Danite, and married into Naphtali. When her husband died she married again, as widow of a Naphtalite, a Tyrian to whom she bore Hiram Blunt (Undesigned Coincidences) makes her of the colony Dan or Laish in Naphtali, bordering on Sidoninn or Tyrian territory.
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And now not you sent me here, but God: and he placed me for a father to Pharaoh, and for lord to all his house, and ruler over all the land of Egypt.
And he will give to Moses when he ceased to speak to him in mount Sinai, two tables of the testimony, tables of stone written by the finger of God.
And Hiram, king of Tyre, will send messengers to David, and wood of cedars and artificers of wood, and artificers of stone of the wall: and they will build a house for David.
And Hiram king of Tyre will send his servants to Solomon for he heard that they anointed him for king instead of his father: for Hiram was loving to David all the days.
And Hiram will be giving to Solomon woods of cedar and woods of cypress, all his desire. And Solomon gave to Hiram twenty thousand cons of wheat food for his house, and twenty cors of beaten oil: thus Solomon will give to Hiram year by year. read more. And Jehovah gave wisdom to Solomon, as he spake to him: and peace will be between Hiram and between Solomon; and they two will cut out a covenant
And king Solomon will send and take Hiram out of Tyre. Son of a widow woman from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father a Tyrian man, an artificer of brass; and he will be filled with wisdom and understanding, and knowledge to do all the work in brass. And he will come to king Solomon and do all his works. read more. And he formed two pillars of brass, eighteen cubits the height of the one pillar: and a thread of twelve cubits will surround the two pillars. And he made two crowns upon the heads of the pillars, of molten brass: five cubits the height of the one crown, and five cubits the height of the second crown. Lattices of net work, festoons of chain work for the crown which was upon the head of the pillars; seven for the one crown and seven for the second crown. And he will make the pillars, and two rows round about upon the one net for covering the crowns which were upon the head, with pomegranates: and thus he made for the second crown. And the crowns which were upon the head of the, pillars of lily-work in the porch, four cubits. And the crowns upon the two pillars also from above from over against the belly which was beyond the net: the pomegranates two hundred in rows round about upon the second crown. And he will raise up the pillars for the porch of the temple: and he will raise up the right pillar and call its name Jachin: and he will raise up the left pillar and call its name Boaz. And upon the head of the pillars the work of the lily: and the work of the pillars will be completed. And he will make the sea molten, ten by the cubit, from its lip even to its lip, round, round about; and five by the cubit its height; and a rope thirty by the cubit will surround it round about And ornaments from beneath to its lip round about surrounding it, ten by the cubit, folding round the sea round about: two rows of ornaments being cast in its casting. It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking to the north, and three looking to the sea, and three looking to the south, and three looking to the sunrising: and the sea upon them from above, and all their behinds inside: And its thickness a hand breadth, and its lip as the work of the lip of a cup the flower of the lily: it will hold two thousand baths. And he will make ten bases of brass, four by the cubit the length of the one base, and four by the cubit its breadth, and three by the cubit its height And this the work of the base: borders to them, and borders between the joinings: And upon the borders which were between the joinings, lions, oxen, and cherubs: and upon the joinings thus from above: and from beneath to the lions and to the oxen, wreaths, a work of descent And four wheels of brass to the one base, and axles of brass: and its four steps, shoulders to them: from under to the wash basin the shoulders molten from beyond each of the wreaths. And its mouth from within to the crown and from above, by the cubit: and the mouth, round; the work thus a cubit and half a cubit: and also upon the mouth engravings and their borders, quadrated, not round. And four wheels beneath to the borders; and hands of the wheels in the base: and the height of the one wheel a cubit and half of the cubit And the work of the wheels as the work of a wheel of the chariot: their hands and their backs and their joinings and their gatherings all cast And four shoulders to four corners of the one base: from the base its shoulder. And in the head of the base its height, half a cubit rounded round about: and upon the head of the base its hands and its borders from out of it And he will open, upon the cheeks of its hands and upon its borders, cherubs, lions, and palm-trees, according to the nakedness of each, and wreaths round about According to this he made the ten bases, one casting, one measure, one form to all of them. And he will make ten wash-basins of brass: the one wash-basin will hold forty baths, four by the cubit the one wash-basin, the one wash-basin upon the one base to the ten bases And he will give five bases upon the shoulder of the house from the right, and five upon the shoulder of the house from its left: and he gave the sea from the shoulder of the house to the right to the east over against the south. And Hiram will make the washbasins and the shovels and the vases: and Hiram will finish doing all the work which he made for king Solomon in the house of Jehovah.
(Hiram, king of Tyre, aided Solomon in woods of cedars and in woods of cypresses, and in gold to all his desire) then king Solomon will give Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee. And Hiram came out from Tyre to see the cities which Solomon gave to him, and they were not right in his eyes. read more. And he will say, What these cities which thou gavest to me, my brother? And he will call them the land Cabul even to this day. And Hiram will send to the king a hundred and twenty talents of gold.
And Hiram will send in the ships his servants, men of ships, knowing the sea with Solomon's servants. And they will come to Ophir, and take gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and bring to king Solomon.
for a ship of Tharshish to the king in the sea with the ship of Hiram: one for three years will come, a ship of Tharshish lifting up gold and silver and ivory and apes and peacocks.
And Hiram king of Tyre will send messengers to David, and trees of cedars and workmen of the wall and workmen of woods to build for him a house.
And now I sent a wise man knowing understanding to Huram my father, The son of a woman from the daughters of Dan, and his father a man of Tyre knowing to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stones, and in woods, in purple, in cerulean purple, and in byssus, and in crimson; and to engrave every engraving, and to invent every work of art which shall be given to him, with thy wise ones, and the wise of my lord David thy father.
And Herod was fighting with violent animosity, with Tyrians and Sidonians: but they came unanimously to him, and having conciliated Blastus, him over the king's bed-chamber, they asked peace; for their country was nourished from the king's.
Hastings
1. King of Tyre, son and successor of Abihaal. When David was firmly established on his throne, Hiram, we are told, sent messengers to him, and, in order to show his goodwill, gave David materials for building his palace, sending at the same time workmen to assist in the building (2Sa 5:11; 1Ch 14:1. This first mention of Hiram is somewhat abrupt, and leads to the supposition that there must have been some earlier intercourse between him and David, the details of which have not come down to us. A real friendship, however, undoubtedly existed between the two (1Ki 5:1), and this was extended to Solomon after the death of David. A regular alliance was made when Solomon came to the throne, Hiram supplying men and materials for the building of the house of the Lord, while Solomon, in return, sent corn and oil to Hiram. Another sign of friendliness was their joint enterprise in sending ships to Ophir to procure gold (1Ki 9:26-28; 10:11; 2Ch 8:17-18; 9:10,21). A curious episode is recounted in 1Ki 9:10,14, according to which Solomon gave Hiram 'twenty cities in the land of Galilee.' Hiram was dissatisfied with the gift, though he gave Solomon 'sixscore talents of gold.' In the parallel account (2Ch 8:1-2) it is Hiram who gives cities (the number is not specified) to Solomon.
There is altogether considerable confusion in the Biblical references to Hiram, as a study of the passages in question shows. When these are compared with extra-Biblical information which we possess in the writings of early historians, discrepancies are emphasized. While, therefore, the friendly intercourse between Hiram and Solomon (as well as with David) is unquestionably historical, it is not always possible to say the same of the details.
2. The name of an artificer from Tyre 'filled with wisdom and understanding and cunning, to work all works in brass' (see 1Ki 7:18-47); he is also spoken of as 'skilful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson
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And Hiram, king of Tyre, will send messengers to David, and wood of cedars and artificers of wood, and artificers of stone of the wall: and they will build a house for David.
And Hiram king of Tyre will send his servants to Solomon for he heard that they anointed him for king instead of his father: for Hiram was loving to David all the days.
And Hiram will be giving to Solomon woods of cedar and woods of cypress, all his desire.
And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders, and those setting, will cut: and they will prepare the woods and stones to build the house.
Son of a widow woman from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father a Tyrian man, an artificer of brass; and he will be filled with wisdom and understanding, and knowledge to do all the work in brass. And he will come to king Solomon and do all his works.
And he will make the pillars, and two rows round about upon the one net for covering the crowns which were upon the head, with pomegranates: and thus he made for the second crown. And the crowns which were upon the head of the, pillars of lily-work in the porch, four cubits. read more. And the crowns upon the two pillars also from above from over against the belly which was beyond the net: the pomegranates two hundred in rows round about upon the second crown. And he will raise up the pillars for the porch of the temple: and he will raise up the right pillar and call its name Jachin: and he will raise up the left pillar and call its name Boaz. And upon the head of the pillars the work of the lily: and the work of the pillars will be completed. And he will make the sea molten, ten by the cubit, from its lip even to its lip, round, round about; and five by the cubit its height; and a rope thirty by the cubit will surround it round about And ornaments from beneath to its lip round about surrounding it, ten by the cubit, folding round the sea round about: two rows of ornaments being cast in its casting. It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking to the north, and three looking to the sea, and three looking to the south, and three looking to the sunrising: and the sea upon them from above, and all their behinds inside: And its thickness a hand breadth, and its lip as the work of the lip of a cup the flower of the lily: it will hold two thousand baths. And he will make ten bases of brass, four by the cubit the length of the one base, and four by the cubit its breadth, and three by the cubit its height And this the work of the base: borders to them, and borders between the joinings: And upon the borders which were between the joinings, lions, oxen, and cherubs: and upon the joinings thus from above: and from beneath to the lions and to the oxen, wreaths, a work of descent And four wheels of brass to the one base, and axles of brass: and its four steps, shoulders to them: from under to the wash basin the shoulders molten from beyond each of the wreaths. And its mouth from within to the crown and from above, by the cubit: and the mouth, round; the work thus a cubit and half a cubit: and also upon the mouth engravings and their borders, quadrated, not round. And four wheels beneath to the borders; and hands of the wheels in the base: and the height of the one wheel a cubit and half of the cubit And the work of the wheels as the work of a wheel of the chariot: their hands and their backs and their joinings and their gatherings all cast And four shoulders to four corners of the one base: from the base its shoulder. And in the head of the base its height, half a cubit rounded round about: and upon the head of the base its hands and its borders from out of it And he will open, upon the cheeks of its hands and upon its borders, cherubs, lions, and palm-trees, according to the nakedness of each, and wreaths round about According to this he made the ten bases, one casting, one measure, one form to all of them. And he will make ten wash-basins of brass: the one wash-basin will hold forty baths, four by the cubit the one wash-basin, the one wash-basin upon the one base to the ten bases And he will give five bases upon the shoulder of the house from the right, and five upon the shoulder of the house from its left: and he gave the sea from the shoulder of the house to the right to the east over against the south. And Hiram will make the washbasins and the shovels and the vases: and Hiram will finish doing all the work which he made for king Solomon in the house of Jehovah.
And Hiram will make the washbasins and the shovels and the vases: and Hiram will finish doing all the work which he made for king Solomon in the house of Jehovah. The two pillars and the globes of the crowns which were upon the head of the two pillars and the two nets to cover the two globes of the crowns which were upon the head of the pillars; read more. And four hundred pomegranates to the two nets, two rows of pomegranates to the one net, to cover the two globes of the crowns which were upon the face of the pillars; And the ten ases and the ten wash-basins upon the bases; And the one sea and the twelve oxen under the sea; And the pots and the shovels and the vases: and all these vessels which Hiram made for king Solomon of the house of Jehovah, of polished brass. In the circuit of Jordan the king cast them, in the density of the earth between Succoth and between Zarthan. And Solomon will leave all the vessels, an exceeding great multitude: and the weight of the brass was not searched out
And it will be from the end of twenty years, when Solomon built the two houses, the house of Jehovah and the house of the king,
And Hiram will send to the king a hundred and twenty talents of gold.
And Solomon made a ship in Ezion-Geber, which is with Eloth, upon the lip of the sea of sedge in the land of Edom. And Hiram will send in the ships his servants, men of ships, knowing the sea with Solomon's servants. read more. And they will come to Ophir, and take gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and bring to king Solomon.
And also the ship of Hiram which lifted up gold from Ophir, brought from Ophir woods of almugs very many, and precious stone.
The son of a woman from the daughters of Dan, and his father a man of Tyre knowing to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stones, and in woods, in purple, in cerulean purple, and in byssus, and in crimson; and to engrave every engraving, and to invent every work of art which shall be given to him, with thy wise ones, and the wise of my lord David thy father.
The son of a woman from the daughters of Dan, and his father a man of Tyre knowing to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stones, and in woods, in purple, in cerulean purple, and in byssus, and in crimson; and to engrave every engraving, and to invent every work of art which shall be given to him, with thy wise ones, and the wise of my lord David thy father.
And it will be from the end of twenty years, which Solomon built the house of Jehovah and his house, And the cities which Huram gave to Solomon, Solomon built them, and he will cause the sons of Israel to dwell there.
Morish
Hi'ram
1. King of Tyre, who loved David and was a friend of Solomon. By his servants he supplied both timber and stone for the temple and the palaces of Solomon. Their navies also united to bring the produce of other lands. Solomon gave to Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee, but Hiram was not pleased with them: he called them, in Aramaic CABUL, 'displeasing or dirty;' and the cities were eventually returned to Solomon. 2 Sam. 5:11; 1Ki 5; 9:11-27; 10:11,22; 1Ch 14:1, etc. He is called HURAM in 2Ch 2:3-12; 8:2,18; 9:10,21.
2. A skilful workman of Tyre, filled with wisdom and understanding, who was sent to make things for the temple. His father was a man of Tyre, and he is called "the son of a woman of the daughters of Dan" in 2Ch 2:14; but in 1Ki 7:14 it reads "a widow's son of the tribe of Naphtali," which may mean that her husband was a man of Naphtali. 1Ki 7:13,40,45. He is called HURAM in 2Ch 2:13; 4:11,16.
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And king Solomon will send and take Hiram out of Tyre. Son of a widow woman from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father a Tyrian man, an artificer of brass; and he will be filled with wisdom and understanding, and knowledge to do all the work in brass. And he will come to king Solomon and do all his works.
And Hiram will make the washbasins and the shovels and the vases: and Hiram will finish doing all the work which he made for king Solomon in the house of Jehovah.
And the pots and the shovels and the vases: and all these vessels which Hiram made for king Solomon of the house of Jehovah, of polished brass.
And Hiram king of Tyre will send messengers to David, and trees of cedars and workmen of the wall and workmen of woods to build for him a house.
And Solomon will send to Huram king of Tyre, saying, According as thou didst with David my father, and thou wilt send to him cedars to build for him a house to dwell in it. Behold, I build a house to the name of Jehovah my God, to consecrate to him, to burn incense before him, incense of spices, and the arrangement always, and the burnt-offerings for morning and for evening, for the Sabbaths and for the new moons, and for the appointments of Jehovah our God. Forever this upon Israel. read more. And the house that I build is great: for great our God above all gods. For who shall retain power to build for him a house? for the heavens and the heavens of the heavens shall not contain him: and who am I who shall build to him a house but to burn incense before him? And now send to me a man wise to work in gold and in silver, and in brass, and in iron, and in purple, and crimson, and cerulean purple, and knowing to engrave engravings with the wise which are with me in Judah and in Jerusalem, which David my father prepared. And send to me cedar trees and cypresses, and algum trees from Lebanon: for I knew that thy servants are knowing to cut trees of Lebanon; and behold, my servants with thy servants, And to prepare for me woods for multitude: for the house that I build is great and wonderful. And behold, to those hewing, to those cutting woods, wheat, the beatings out to thy servants twenty thousand cors, and barley, twenty thousand cors, and wine, twenty thousand baths, and oil, twenty thousand baths. And Huram king of Tyre will say in writing, and he will send to Solomon, In Jehovah's loving his people he gave thee king over them. And Huram will say, Praised be Jehovah God of Israel, who made the heavens and the earth, who gave to David the king a wise son, knowing intelligence and understanding, who will build a house to Jehovah, and a house for his kingdom. And now I sent a wise man knowing understanding to Huram my father, The son of a woman from the daughters of Dan, and his father a man of Tyre knowing to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stones, and in woods, in purple, in cerulean purple, and in byssus, and in crimson; and to engrave every engraving, and to invent every work of art which shall be given to him, with thy wise ones, and the wise of my lord David thy father.
And Huram will make the pots and the shovels and the vases. And Huram will finish to make the work that he did for king Solomon in the house of God;
And the pots and the shovels and the flesh-hooks, and all their vessels, Huram his father made to king Solomon for the house of Jehovah, of polished brass.
And the cities which Huram gave to Solomon, Solomon built them, and he will cause the sons of Israel to dwell there.
And Huram will send to him by the hand of his servants, ships, and servants knowing the sea; and they will go with the servants of Solomon to Ophir, and they will take from there four hundred and fifty talents of gold and bring to king Solomon.
And also the servants of Huram; and the servants of Solomon who brought gold from Ophir, brought almug trees and precious stone.
For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of huram: once to three years will come the ships to Tarshish, lifting up gold and silver and ivory, and apes and peacocks.
Watsons
HIRAM, king of Tyre, and son of Abibal, is mentioned by profane authors as distinguished for his magnificence, and for adorning the city of Tyre. When David was acknowledged king by all Israel, Hiram sent ambassadors with artificers, and cedar, to build his palace. Hiram also sent ambassadors to Solomon, to congratulate him on his accession to the crown. Solomon desired of him timber and stones for building the temple, with labourers. These Hiram promised, provided Solomon would furnish him with corn and oil. The two princes lived on the best terms with each other.