Reference: Pledge
American
The Jewish law protected the poor who were obliged to give security for a loan or the fulfillment of a contract. If a man pawned his rove, the usual covering of the cool nights, it must be returned on the same day, Ex 22:26-27. The creditor could not enter a house and take what he pleased; and the millstone being a necessary of life, could not be taken, De 24:6,10-11. Compare Job 22:6; 24:3,7. Idolaters sometimes disregarded these prohibitions, Am 2:6-8. See LOANS. Pledges are necessary from the vicious, who cannot be trusted, Pr 20:16.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
If thou, do take in pledge, the mantle of thy neighbour, by the going in of the sun, shalt thou restore it to him; for that is his only covering, that, is his mantle, for his skin, - wherein shall he sleep? and it shall come to pass when he maketh outcry unto me, then will I hear because, gracious, I am.
No man shall take in pledge a handmill, or an upper millstone, - for he would be taking life, in pledge.
When thou lendest thy neighbour a loan of anything, thou shalt not enter into his house to secure his pledge: outside, shalt thou stand, and the man to whom thou art lending, shall bring forth unto thee his pledge outside,
Surely then hast been wont to put thy brother in pledge, for nothing, and, the garments of the ill-clad, hast thou stripped off:
The ass of the fatherless, they drive off, they take in pledge the ox of the widow;
Ill-clad, they are left to lodge without clothing, and have no covering in the cold;
Take his garment who is pledge for a stranger, - then, for a woman unknown, accept him as surety.
Thus, saith Yahweh, Because of three transgressions of Israel, and because of four, will I not turn it back, - Because they have sold - for silver - the righteous, and the needy - for a pair of shoes: Who strive to bring the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, and, the way of the oppressed, they pervert, - Yea, a man and his own father, go in unto the maid, to profane my holy Name! read more. And, on pledged garments, they recline, beside every altar, - and, exacted wine, do they drink, in the house of their God.
Easton
See Loan.
Hastings
The taking of a pledge for the re-payment of a loan was sanctioned by the Law, but a humanitarian provision was introduced to the effect that, when this pledge consisted of the large square outer garment or cioak called simlah, it must be returned before nightfali, since this garment often formed the only covering of the poor at night (Ex 22:26 f., De 24:12 f.; cf. Am 2:8; Job 22:6; 24:9; Eze 18:7,12,16; 33:15). It was forbidden also to take the mill or the upper millstone as a pledge (De 24:6). In Isa 36:8 the reference is to a pledge to be forfeited if a wager is lost (cf. Revised Version margin). In I S17:18 'take their pledge' probably means 'bring back a token of their welfare' (Driver).
See Verses Found in Dictionary
If thou, do take in pledge, the mantle of thy neighbour, by the going in of the sun, shalt thou restore it to him;
No man shall take in pledge a handmill, or an upper millstone, - for he would be taking life, in pledge.
Surely then hast been wont to put thy brother in pledge, for nothing, and, the garments of the ill-clad, hast thou stripped off:
Men tear, from the breast, the fatherless, and, over the poor, they take a pledge;
Now, therefore, pledge thyself I pray thee with my lord, the king of Assyria, - That I supply thee with two thousand horses, If thou on thy part be able to set riders upon them;
And no man, hath treated with violence, But his debt-pledge, hath restored. Plunder, hath not seized, - His bread - to the famished, hath given, And the naked, hath covered with clothing;
The oppressed and the needy, hath treated with violence, Hath ruthlessly plundered, The pledge, hath not restored, But unto the manufactured gods, hath lifted up his eyes, Abomination, hath wrought;
And no man, hath he treated with violence, Hath he no means withholden the pledge, And plunder, hath not seized, - His bread - to the famished, hath given And the naked, hath covered with clothing;
The debt-pledge, the lawless man shall restore Plunder, shall pay back, In the statutes of life, hath walked, so as not to commit perversity. He shall surely live he shall not die: -
And, on pledged garments, they recline, beside every altar, - and, exacted wine, do they drink, in the house of their God.
Morish
The taking of articles as security for loans, etc. was very early practised, and restrictions were given in the law that no unfair advantage should be taken thereby. Ex 22:26; De 24:10-17; Job 22:6; 24:3,9; Am 2:8. In 2Ki 18:23 and Isa 36:8 the sense is 'to make an engagement or treaty.'
See Verses Found in Dictionary
If thou, do take in pledge, the mantle of thy neighbour, by the going in of the sun, shalt thou restore it to him;
When thou lendest thy neighbour a loan of anything, thou shalt not enter into his house to secure his pledge: outside, shalt thou stand, and the man to whom thou art lending, shall bring forth unto thee his pledge outside, read more. And, if he be a poor man, thou shalt not sleep in his pledge: thou shalt, restore, to him the pledge at the going in of the sun, so shall he sleep in his own mantle, and bless thee, - and, unto thee, shall it be righteous-ness before Yahweh thy God. Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, - of thy brethren or of thy sojourners that are in thy land, within thy gates; for his day, shalt thou give his hire neither shall the sun, go in upon it, for, poor, he is, and, unto it, is he lifting up his soul, - lest he cry out against thee, unto Yahweh, and it be, in thee a sin. Fathers shall not be put to death for sons, nor shall sons, be put to death for fathers, - every man, for his own sin, shall he put to death. Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the sojourner or the fatherless, - neither shalt thou take in pledge the garment of a widow;
Now, therefore, pledge thyself, I pray thee, with my lord, the king of Assyria, - that I supply thee with two thousand horses, if thou, on thy part, be able to set riders upon them.
Surely then hast been wont to put thy brother in pledge, for nothing, and, the garments of the ill-clad, hast thou stripped off:
The ass of the fatherless, they drive off, they take in pledge the ox of the widow;
Men tear, from the breast, the fatherless, and, over the poor, they take a pledge;
Now, therefore, pledge thyself I pray thee with my lord, the king of Assyria, - That I supply thee with two thousand horses, If thou on thy part be able to set riders upon them;
And, on pledged garments, they recline, beside every altar, - and, exacted wine, do they drink, in the house of their God.
Smith
Pledge.
[LOAN]
See Loan