Prologue

1 The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.

1 The words of the (A)Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.

1 The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.

1 The words of the Teacher,(a)(A) son of David, king in Jerusalem.(B)

1 The words of the Teacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.

Motto Introduced

2 Vanity of vanities, says the Preacher, vanity of vanities, all is vanity.

2 (a)(B)Vanity of vanities,” says the Preacher,(b)Vanity of vanities! All is (c)vanity.”

2 Vanity of vanities, saith the Preacher, vanity of vanities; all is vanity.

2 “Absolute futility,” says the Teacher.“Absolute futility. Everything is futile.”(C)

2 "Utterly pointless," says the Teacher. "Absolutely pointless; everything is pointless."

All Toil Is Profitless And Repetitious

3 What profit has man from all his labor in which he labors under the sun?

3 (C)What advantage does man have in all his workWhich he does under the sun?

3 What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh under the sun?

3 What does a man gain for all his effortsthat he labors at under the sun?(D)

3 What does a man gain from all of the work that he undertakes on earth?

Things Never Change

4 One generation goes, and another generation comes, but the earth abides forever.

4 A generation goes and a generation comes,But the (D)earth (d)remains forever.

4 One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever.

4 A generation goes and a generation comes,but the earth remains forever.(E)

4 A generation goes, a generation comes, but the earth remains forever.

5 The sun also arises, and the sun goes down and hastens to its place where it arises.

5 Also, (E)the sun rises and the sun sets;And (e)hastening to its place it rises there again.

5 The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose.

5 The sun rises and the sun sets;panting, it returns to its place(F)where it rises.

5 The sun rises, the sun sets, then rushes back to where it arose.

6 The wind goes toward the south, and turns around to the north. It turns around continually in its course, and the wind returns again to its circuits.

6 (f)(F)Blowing toward the south,Then turning toward the north,The wind continues (g)swirling along;And on its circular courses the wind returns.

6 The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits.

6 Gusting to the south,turning to the north,turning, turning, goes the wind,(G)and the wind returns in its cycles.

6 The wind blows southward, then northward, constantly circulating, and the wind comes back again in its courses.

7 All the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full. To the place from where the rivers come, there they go again.

7 All the rivers (h)flow into the sea,Yet the sea is not full.To the place where the rivers (i)flow,There they (j)flow again.

7 All the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they return again.

7 All the streams flow to the sea,yet the sea is never full.The streams are flowing to the place,and they flow there again.

7 All the rivers flow toward the sea, but the sea is never full; then rivers return to the headwaters where they began.

8 All things are full of weariness, man cannot utter [it]. The eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing.

8 All things are wearisome;Man is not able to tell it.(G)The eye is not satisfied with seeing,Nor is the ear filled with hearing.

8 All things are full of labour; man cannot utter it: the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing.

8 All things(b) are wearisome;man is unable to speak.The eye is not satisfied by seeing(H)or the ear filled with hearing.

8 Everything is wearisome, more than man is able to express. The eye is never satisfied by seeing, nor the ear by hearing.

9 That which has been is that which shall be, and that which has been done is that which shall be done. And there is no new thing under the sun.

9 (H)That which has been is that which will be,And that which has been done is that which will be done.So there is nothing new under the sun.

9 The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun.

9 What has been is what will be,and what has been done is what will be done;there is nothing new under the sun.

9 Whatever has happened, will happen again; whatever has been done, will be done again. There is nothing new on earth.

10 Is there a thing of which it may be said, See, this is new? It has been long ago, in the ages which were before us.

10 Is there anything of which one might say,“See this, it is new”?Already it has existed for agesWhich were before us.

10 Is there any thing whereof it may be said, See, this is new? it hath been already of old time, which was before us.

10 Can one say about anything,“Look, this is new”?It has already existed in the ages before us.

10 Does anything exist about which someone might say, "Look at this! Is this new?" It happened ages ago; it existed before we did.

11 There is no remembrance of the former [things], nor shall there be any remembrance of the latter that are to come, among those who shall come after.

11 There is (I)no remembrance of (k)earlier things;And also of the (l)later things which will occur,There will be for them no remembranceAmong those who will come (m)later still.

11 There is no remembrance of former things; neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after.

11 There is no remembrance of those who(c) came before;(I)and of those who(d) will come afterthere will also be no remembranceby those who follow them.

11 No one remembers those in the past, nor will they be remembered by those who come after them.

Qohelet Introduces His Quest

12 I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem.

12 I, the (J)Preacher, have been king over Israel in Jerusalem.

12 I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem.

12 I, the Teacher,(J) have been(e) king over Israel in Jerusalem.

12 I, the Teacher, have been king over Israel in Jerusalem.

13 And I applied my heart to seek and to search out by wisdom concerning all that is done under heaven. It is a great tribulation that God has given to the sons of men to be exercised therewith.

13 And I (K)set my (n)mind to seek and (L)explore by wisdom concerning all that has been done under heaven. It is (o)a grievous (M)task which God has given to the sons of men to be afflicted with.

13 And I gave my heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning all things that are done under heaven: this sore travail hath God given to the sons of man to be exercised therewith.

13 I applied my mind to seek(K) and explore through wisdom all that is done under heaven.(L) God has given people this miserable task to keep them occupied.(M)

13 I dedicated myself to using wisdom for study and discovery of everything that is done under heaven. God uses terrible things so human beings will struggle with life.

The Spokesman's General Conclusion

14 I have seen all the works that are done under the sun, and, behold, all is vanity and a striving after wind.

14 I have seen all the works which have been done under the sun, and behold, all is (p)(N)vanity and striving after wind.

14 I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

14 I have seen all the things that are done under the sun and have found everything to be futile, a pursuit of the wind.(f)(N)

14 I observed every activity done on earth. My conclusion: all of it is pointless like chasing after the wind.

15 That which is crooked cannot be made straight, and that which is wanting cannot be numbered.

15 What is (O)crooked cannot be straightened and what is lacking cannot be counted.

15 That which is crooked cannot be made straight: and that which is wanting cannot be numbered.

15 What is crooked cannot be straightened;(O)what is lacking cannot be counted.

15 What is crooked cannot be made straight; what is not there cannot be counted.

The Spokesman Begins To Study Life

16 I communed with my own heart, saying, Lo, I have gotten for me great wisdom above all who were before me in Jerusalem. Yea, my heart has had great experience of wisdom and knowledge.

16 I (q)said to myself, “Behold, I have magnified and increased (P)wisdom more than all who were over Jerusalem before me; and my (r)mind has observed (s)a wealth of wisdom and knowledge.”

16 I communed with mine own heart, saying, Lo, I am come to great estate, and have gotten more wisdom than all they that have been before me in Jerusalem: yea, my heart had great experience of wisdom and knowledge.

16 I said to myself,(g) “Look, I have amassed wisdom far beyond all those who were over Jerusalem before me,(P) and my mind has thoroughly grasped(h) wisdom and knowledge.”

16 I told myself, "I have become greater and wiser than anyone who ruled before me in Jerusalem yes, I have acquired a great deal of wisdom and knowledge."

17 And I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly. I perceived that this also was a striving after wind.

17 And I (Q)set my (t)mind to know wisdom and to (R)know madness and folly; I realized that this also is (S)striving after wind.

17 And I gave my heart to know wisdom, and to know madness and folly: I perceived that this also is vexation of spirit.

17 I applied my mind to know wisdom and knowledge,(Q) madness and folly;(R) I learned that this too is a pursuit of the wind.(i)(S)

17 So I dedicated myself to learn about wisdom and knowledge, and about insanity and foolishness. And I discovered that this is also like chasing after the wind.

18 For in much wisdom is much grief, and he who increases knowledge increases sorrow.

18 Because (T)in much wisdom there is much grief, and increasing knowledge results in increasing pain.

18 For in much wisdom is much grief: and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.

18 For with much wisdom is much sorrow;(T)as knowledge increases, grief increases.

18 For with much wisdom there is much sorrow; the more someone adds to knowledge, the more someone adds to grief.

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