Reference: Elam
American
1. The region afterwards called Persia, Ge 14:1. It was called Elam after a son of Shem, Ge 10:22. It corresponded to the Elymais of Greek and Roman writers, which comprehended a part of Susiana, now Khusistan or more probably included the whole of Susiana. The city Susa, or Shushan, was in it, Da 8:2. See also Ac 2:9.
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And it chanced within a while, that Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of the nations:
I saw in a vision, and when I saw it, I was at Susa in the chief city, which lieth in the land of Elam, and in the vision me thought I was by the river of Ulai.
Parthians, Medes, and Elamites and the inhabiters of Mesopotamia, of Jewry and of Cappadocia, of Pontus and of Asia;
Easton
highland, the son of Shem (Ge 10:22), and the name of the country inhabited by his descendants (Ge 14:1,9; Isa 11:11; 21:2, etc.) lying to the east of Babylonia, and extending to the shore of the Mediterranean, a distance in a direct line of about 1,000 miles. The name Elam is an Assyrian word meaning "high."
The inhabitants of Elam, or 'the Highlands,' to the east of Babylon, were called Elamites. They were divided into several branches, speaking different dialects of the same agglutinative language. The race to which they belonged was brachycephalic, or short-headed, like the pre-Semitic Sumerians of Babylonia.
The earliest Elamite kingdom seems to have been that of Anzan, the exact site of which is uncertain; but in the time of Abraham, Shushan or Susa appears to have already become the capital of the country. Babylonia was frequently invaded by the Elamite kings, who at times asserted their supremacy over it (as in the case of Chedorlaomer, the Kudur-Lagamar, or 'servant of the goddess Lagamar,' of the cuneiform texts).
The later Assyrian monarchs made several campaigns against Elam, and finally Assur-bani-pal (about B.C. 650) succeeded in conquering the country, which was ravaged with fire and sword. On the fall of the Assyrian Empire, Elam passed into the hands of the Persians (A.H. Sayce).
This country was called by the Greeks Cissia or Susiana.
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And it chanced within a while, that Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of the nations:
with Chedorlaomer the king of Elam and with Tidal king of the nations, and with Amraphel king of Shinar, and with Arioch king of Ellasar: four kings against five.
At the same time shall the LORD take in hand again, to conquer the remnant of his people which are left alive: From the Assyrians, Egyptians, Arabians, Ethiopians, Elamites, Chaldeans, Antiochians and Islands of the sea.
Whoso may deceive, said the voice, let him deceive: Who so may destroy, let him destroy. Up Elam, besiege it O Media, for I will still all their groanings.
Fausets
1. Son of Shem (Ge 10:22). The name is Semitic. The Elamites gave their name to Elymais, the region on the left or E. bank of the Tigris, opposite Babylonia, between it on the W. and Persia proper on the E., and S.W. of Media. The region is also named Susiana or Susis from its capital Susa, called Shushah in Da 8:2, where Nehemiah (Ne 1:1) waited on king Artaxerxes, and where Ahasuerus (Xerxes) held his court in Esther's (Es 1:2; 2:5) time. Daniel mentions the river Ulai near, i.e. the Greek Euloeus. From Darius Hystaspes' time to Alexander the Great it was the Persian king's court residence. Chedorlaomer who invaded Palestine in Abraham's time (Genesis 14) was king of Elam, and then lord paramount over Amraphel, king of Shinar (Babylonia) on its confines. (See CHEDORLAOMER.)
This Elamitic supremacy was of short duration. The Kissinns or Cossaeans (Cushites?) subsequently to the Elamites subjugated Elam and called it Kissia (Herodotus, 3:91; 5:49). The Greek traditions of Memnon and his Ethiopian bands rest on this subjugation, the Kissians of Elam being connected with the Cushite inhabitants of the upper valley of the Nile. The two races remained separate to the time Of Strabo (compare Ezr 4:9). Discoveries in Elam prove Susa one of the oldest cities in the East and its monarchs quasiindependent, while acknowledging Assyria's and Babylon's successive supremacy. Occasionally, for a time, it maintained its complete independence. It was a province of Babylonia from Nebuchadnezzar's time (Da 8:2). Its conquest by him is probably foretold in Jer 49:30-34; Eze 32:24-25. It had helped him against Judaea; hence God dealt retributively its punishment by him with whom it bad transgressed.
Its bowmen were famed (Isa 22:6); so God says, "I will break the bow of Elam." After scattering them God saith, "in the latter days I will bring again the captivity of Elam," namely, in the coming restitution of all things by Messiah, an earnest of which was given in that Elamites were on Pentecost among the first who heard and accepted the gospel (Ac 2:9). Elam took part in destroying Babylon, on Cyrus' advance probably joining him in the assault (Isa 21:2). Elam became a satrapy of the Persian empire, furnishing 300 talents as annual tribute (Herodotus, 3:91). Susa, its capital, became capital of the empire and the court residence. Nevertheless it was the scene of the Magian revolution, and twice revolted under Darius Hystaspes (Behistun Inscription).
2. A Korhite Levite, one of the sons of Asaph in David's time (1Ch 26:3).
3. A Benjamite chief, one of Shashak's sons (1Ch 8:24).
4. Children of Elam, 1,254, returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon (Ezr 2:7; Ne 7:12). Seventy-one more accompanied Ezra and the second caravan (Ezr 8:7). Shechaniah, one of them, seconded Ezra's confession of sin, especially as to marriages with aliens, pleaded the people's guilt, and proposed a covenant to put away those wives; six of the sons of Elam accordingly did so (Ezr 10:2,26).
5. Another Elam, of whose sons also the same number returned, is mentioned (Ezr 2:31; Ne 7:34).
6. A priest who accompanied Nehemiah in dedicating the wall (Ne 12:42).
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The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred four and fifty;
Then Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and others of the council of Dina, of Arphaxad, of Tarplat, of Persia, of Erech, of Babylon, of Susa, of Deha, and of Elam,
Of the children of Elam, Jeshaiah the son of Athaliah, and with him seventy men.
And Shecaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the children of Elam, answered, and said unto Ezra, "We have trespassed against the LORD our God, in that we have taken strange wives of the people of the land. Now there is hope yet in Israel concerning this:
The words of Nehemiah the son of Hacaliah. It fortuned in the month Chislev, in the twentieth year, that I was in the castle at Susa:
The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred and four and fifty;
and Maaseiah, Shemaiah, Eleazar, Uzzi, Jehohanan, Malchijah, Elam, and Ezer. And the singers sang loud, and Jezrahiah was the overseer.
even in those days when the king Ahasuerus sat on his seat royal which was in Susa, the chief city,
In the castle of Susa there was a Jew, whose name was Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, the son of Benjamin,
Whoso may deceive, said the voice, let him deceive: Who so may destroy, let him destroy. Up Elam, besiege it O Media, for I will still all their groanings.
Elam bare the quiver in a chariot of footmen and of horsemen, and the city of Kir showed the shield open.
Flee, get you soon away, creep into caves, that ye may dwell there, O ye inhabiters of Hazor, sayeth the LORD. For Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon hath holden a counsel concerning you, and concluded his device against you. Arise, and get you up against yonder rich and careless people, sayeth the LORD, which have neither gates nor door bars, and that dwell not together. read more. Their camels shall be stolen, and the droves of their cattle driven away. Moreover, these that be shaven will I scatter toward all the winds, and bring them to destruction: yea and that through their own familiars, sayeth the LORD. Hazor also shall be a dwelling for Dragons, and an everlasting wilderness: so that nobody shall dwell there, and no man shall have there his habitation." These are the words, that the LORD spake to the prophet Jeremiah concerning Elam, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah.
There is Elam also with all his people, and their graves round about: which all being wounded and slain with the sword, are gone down uncircumcised under the earth. Which, nevertheless, sometime brought fear into the land of the living: for the which they bear their shame, with the others that be gone down to the grave. Their burial is given them and all their people, among them that be slain. Their graves are round about all them, which be uncircumcised, and with them that be slain through the sword: for seeing that in times past they made the land of the living afraid, they must now bear their own shame, with them that go down to the pit, and lie among them, that be slain.
I saw in a vision, and when I saw it, I was at Susa in the chief city, which lieth in the land of Elam, and in the vision me thought I was by the river of Ulai.
I saw in a vision, and when I saw it, I was at Susa in the chief city, which lieth in the land of Elam, and in the vision me thought I was by the river of Ulai.
Parthians, Medes, and Elamites and the inhabiters of Mesopotamia, of Jewry and of Cappadocia, of Pontus and of Asia;
Hastings
1. A son of Shem (Ge 10:22 = 1Ch 1:17), the eponymous ancestor of the Elamites (see following article). 2. A Korabite (1Ch 26:3). 3. A Benjamite (1Ch 8:24). 4. The eponym of a family of which 1254 returned with Zerub. (Ezr 2:7; Ne 7:12,1Es 5:12) and 71 with Ezra (Ezr 8:7,1Es 8:33). It was one of the Ben
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And it chanced within a while, that Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of the nations:
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, Aram, Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshech.
The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, Aram, Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshech.
The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred four and fifty;
The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred four and fifty;
Then Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and others of the council of Dina, of Arphaxad, of Tarplat, of Persia, of Erech, of Babylon, of Susa, of Deha, and of Elam,
These are the principal fathers of them, and this is their register, that went up with me from Babylon; what time as king Artaxerxes reigned.
Of the children of Elam, Jeshaiah the son of Athaliah, and with him seventy men.
And Shecaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the children of Elam, answered, and said unto Ezra, "We have trespassed against the LORD our God, in that we have taken strange wives of the people of the land. Now there is hope yet in Israel concerning this:
Now when we had builded the wall I hanged on the doors; and the porters, singers and Levites were appointed.
The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred and four and fifty;
and Maaseiah, Shemaiah, Eleazar, Uzzi, Jehohanan, Malchijah, Elam, and Ezer. And the singers sang loud, and Jezrahiah was the overseer.
Haman said moreover, "Yea and Esther the queen let no man come with the king unto the banquet that she had prepared, except me, and tomorrow am I bidden unto her also with the king.
Whoso may deceive, said the voice, let him deceive: Who so may destroy, let him destroy. Up Elam, besiege it O Media, for I will still all their groanings.
Elam bare the quiver in a chariot of footmen and of horsemen, and the city of Kir showed the shield open.
These are the words, that the LORD spake to the prophet Jeremiah concerning Elam, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah.
There is Elam also with all his people, and their graves round about: which all being wounded and slain with the sword, are gone down uncircumcised under the earth. Which, nevertheless, sometime brought fear into the land of the living: for the which they bear their shame, with the others that be gone down to the grave.
Morish
E'lam
1. Son of Shem. He settled in a highland district east of Babylonia, which became the seat of a powerful monarchy. The district was also called ELAM. Ge 10:22; 1Ch 1:17. In the days of Abraham Chedorlaomer king of Elam was able to make war as far off as the Dead Sea. Ge 14:1,9. It subsequently became subject to the great power of the Chaldeans and Assyrians. When Assyria declined, Elam was conquered by its Persian neighbours, and reigned over by the Achaemenian Dynasty. Cyrus was king of Anshan, or Anzan (Elam) as well as of Persia: hence the close connection, and almost identification of Elam with Persia. In scripture Elam often designates Persia. In Isa 21:2-10 Elam and Media were to destroy Babylon. It afterwards became a part of the Medo-Persian empire. Daniel was at Shushan, which was in the province of Elam. Under the name of Susiana, Elam is represented by the historians as one of the most ancient regions of the East. There are many prophecies against it. Isa 11:11; 21:2; 22:6; Jer 25:25; 49:34-39; Eze 32:24; Da 8:2.
2. Son of Shashak, a Benjamite. 1Ch 8:24.
3. Son of Meshelemiah, a Korhite. 1Ch 26:3.
4. chief of the people who sealed the covenant. Ne 10:14.
5. One whose descendants had married strange wives. Ezra, 10:2, 26
6. A priest who took part in the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem. Ne 12:42.
7, etc. Two or more whose descendants returned from exile. Ezr 2:7,31; 8:7; Ne 7:12,34.
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And it chanced within a while, that Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of the nations:
with Chedorlaomer the king of Elam and with Tidal king of the nations, and with Amraphel king of Shinar, and with Arioch king of Ellasar: four kings against five.
The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred four and fifty;
Of the children of Elam, Jeshaiah the son of Athaliah, and with him seventy men.
The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred and four and fifty;
and Maaseiah, Shemaiah, Eleazar, Uzzi, Jehohanan, Malchijah, Elam, and Ezer. And the singers sang loud, and Jezrahiah was the overseer.
At the same time shall the LORD take in hand again, to conquer the remnant of his people which are left alive: From the Assyrians, Egyptians, Arabians, Ethiopians, Elamites, Chaldeans, Antiochians and Islands of the sea.
Whoso may deceive, said the voice, let him deceive: Who so may destroy, let him destroy. Up Elam, besiege it O Media, for I will still all their groanings.
Whoso may deceive, said the voice, let him deceive: Who so may destroy, let him destroy. Up Elam, besiege it O Media, for I will still all their groanings. With this, the reins of my back were full of pain: Pangs came upon me, as upon a woman in her travail. It made me stoop when I heard it, and it vexed me when I saw it. read more. My heart panted, I trembled for fear. The night of my voluptuousness hath he turned against me into fear. While they garnished the table, the watchman looked: and while he was eating and drinking it was said, "Up, ye Captains, take you to your shield." For thus the Lord hath charged me: "Go thy way, and set a watchman, that he may tell what he seeth." And when he had waited diligently, he saw two horsemen: the one riding upon an Ass, the other upon a camel. And the watchman cried, "LORD, I have stood waiting all the whole day, and am appointed to keep my watch every night. And behold, here cometh a chariot of men with two horsemen." And he answered and said, "Babylon is fallen, is fallen! She is turned upside down, and all the images of her gods are smitten to the ground!" This, O my fellow threshers and fanners, have I heard of the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, to show it unto you.
Elam bare the quiver in a chariot of footmen and of horsemen, and the city of Kir showed the shield open.
These are the words, that the LORD spake to the prophet Jeremiah concerning Elam, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah. "Thus sayeth the LORD of Hosts: Behold, I will break the bow of Elam, and take away their strength; read more. and upon Elam I will bring the four winds from the four quarters of heaven, and will scatter them against the same four winds. And there shall be no people, but some of Elam shall flee unto them. For I will cause Elam to be afraid of their enemies, and of them that seek their lives: and will bring upon them the indignation of my wrath, sayeth the LORD. And I will persecute them with the sword so long till I have brought them to naught. I will set my stool in Elam, I will destroy both the king and the princes from thence, sayeth the LORD. But in process of time, I will bring Elam out of captivity again, sayeth the LORD."
There is Elam also with all his people, and their graves round about: which all being wounded and slain with the sword, are gone down uncircumcised under the earth. Which, nevertheless, sometime brought fear into the land of the living: for the which they bear their shame, with the others that be gone down to the grave.
I saw in a vision, and when I saw it, I was at Susa in the chief city, which lieth in the land of Elam, and in the vision me thought I was by the river of Ulai.
Smith
E'lam
(eternity).
1. This seems to have been originally the name of a man, the son of Shem.
Commonly, however, it is used as the appellation of a country.
The Elam of Scripture appears to be the province lying south of Assyria and east of Persia proper, to which Herodotus gives the name of Cissia (iii. 91, v. 49, etc.), and which is termed Susis or Susiana by the geographers. Its capital was Susa. This country was originally people by descendants of Shem. By the time of Abraham a very important power had been built up in the same region. It is plain that at this early time the predominant power in lower Mesopotamia was Elam, which for a while held the place possessed earlier by Babylon,
and later by either Babylon or Assyria.
2. A Korhite Levite in the time of King David.
(B.C. 1014.)
3. A chief man of the tribe of Benjamin.
4. "Children of Elam," to the number of 1254, returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon.
1Esd. 5:12. (B.C. 536 or before.) Elam occurs amongst the names of the chief of the people who signed the covenant with Nehemiah.
5. In the same lists is a second Elam, whose sons, to the same number as in the former case, returned with Zerubbabel,
and which for the sake of distinction is called "the other Elam."
6. One of the priests who accompanied Nehemiah at the dedication of the new wall of Jerusalem.
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And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar:
And it chanced within a while, that Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam and Tidal king of the nations:
with Chedorlaomer the king of Elam and with Tidal king of the nations, and with Amraphel king of Shinar, and with Arioch king of Ellasar: four kings against five.
The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred four and fifty;
The children of the other Elam, a thousand, two hundred and four and fifty;
and Maaseiah, Shemaiah, Eleazar, Uzzi, Jehohanan, Malchijah, Elam, and Ezer. And the singers sang loud, and Jezrahiah was the overseer.
At the same time shall the LORD take in hand again, to conquer the remnant of his people which are left alive: From the Assyrians, Egyptians, Arabians, Ethiopians, Elamites, Chaldeans, Antiochians and Islands of the sea.
Whoso may deceive, said the voice, let him deceive: Who so may destroy, let him destroy. Up Elam, besiege it O Media, for I will still all their groanings.
Watsons
ELAM, the eldest son of Shem, who settled in a country to which he gave his name, Ge 10:22. It is frequently mentioned in Scripture, as lying to the south-east of Shinar. Susiana, in later times, seems to have been a part of this country, Da 8:2; and before the captivity the Jews seem always to have intended Persia by the name of Elam. Stephanus takes it to be a part of Assyria, but Pliny and Josephus, more properly, of Persia, whose inhabitants, this latter tells us, sprung from the Elamites.
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I saw in a vision, and when I saw it, I was at Susa in the chief city, which lieth in the land of Elam, and in the vision me thought I was by the river of Ulai.