Reference: Genealogy of Jesus Christ
Fausets
Needed, to show that redemption was no afterthought, but designed from the first. Abraham and David in Matthew's Gospel are singled out to prove the fulfillment in Christ of the promises made to Abraham 2,000 years previously, and to David 1,000. The Old Testament begins with "Genesis" ("generation"); so also the New Testament begins with the genesis ("generation," Mt 1:1) of Jesus Christ. Matthew's Gospel contains, not Joseph's direct ancestors, but the succession of heirs to David's and Solomon's throne. The tracing of Christ's descent through Judah's royal line harmonizes with the kingly aspect of Jesus Christ in Matthew's Gospel. The steps of Joseph's direct parentage did not coincide with those of the succession to the throne. Solomon's line failed, and Nathan's and Neri's succeeded as legal heirs.
Hence the need of two genealogies, one (Matthew) of the succession, the other (Luke) of the parentage. Jeremiah (Jer 22:30) declares Jeconiah, Coniah, or Jehoiachin was to be childless. He cannot therefore have been lineal progenitor of Jesus Christ. It is at this point in the genealogy, i.e. after Jehoiachin, the same names occur in both lists, Salathiel and Zerubbabel taken (in Matthew) from the line of Nathan (Luke) to supply the failure of Jehoiachin's issue. The promise was, Messiah was to be "of the fruit of the loins of David" (Ac 2:30), but to Solomon only that "his throne should be established evermore" (1Ch 17:14). So a double genealogy of Jair is given, one of the inheritance, the other of birth (1Ch 2:4-5,21-22; Nu 32:41). Matthew appropriately, as writing for Jews, gives Christ's legal descent; Luke, for Gentiles, the natural descent.
Matthew downward, from Abraham the father of the Jews (naturally, but of the Gentiles also spiritually: Ge 17:5; Ro 4:16-17); Luke upward, to Adam, "who was the son of God" and the father of Gentiles and Jews alike. The words "as was supposed" (Lu 3:23) imply that Christ's sonship to Joseph was only a reputed not a real one. Yet He was God's extraordinary gift to Joseph through his proper wife Mary, and the fruit of his marriage to her, not as natural offspring of his body but as supernatural fruit. Hence attention is drawn to Joseph's being "son of David" (Mt 1:20), "of the house and lineage of David" (Lu 2:4, compare Lu 1:32). Matthew omits three links of the pedigree. "Joram begat Ozias," i.e. Uzziah. But Joram really begat Ahaziah, Ahaziah Jehoash, Jehoash Uzziah. If the two genealogies contained anything false or mutually contradictory, Christ's enemies would have convicted them from the public documents.
Clearly men in that day saw nothing irreconcilable in them. From Abraham to David both agree, thenceforward the names differ. Luke has 42 names from David, Matthew only 27 names. The less number in Matthew is intelligible, if he be only tracing the heir's to the throne; for "the heir of my heir is my heir." So intermediate heirs are omitted without risk of misconception, for spiritual reasons; e.g., Simeon is omitted in Moses' blessing (Deuteronomy 33) on account of his cruelty, Dan in Revelation 7 for his idolatry. The full number is given in Luke, as naming the natural line. Mary must have been of the same tribe and family as Joseph, according to the law (Nu 36:8). Isa 11:1 implies that Messiah was the seed of David by natural as well as legal descent. Probably Matthan of Matthew is the Matthat of Luke, and Jacob and Heli were brothers; and Heli's son Joseph, and Jacob's daughter Mary, first cousins. Joseph, as male heir of his uncle Jacob, who had only one child, Mary, would marry her according to the law (Nu 36:8).
Thus the genealogy of the inheritance (Matthew's) and that of natural descent (Luke's) would be primarily Joseph's, then Mary's also. The number 14 has some mystic signification (compare Nu 29:13; 1Ki 8:65). It is the double of seven the number for completeness; the periods of 14 in Matthew are the sacred three. The period from Abraham to David is that of patriarchs; from David to the Babylonian captivity that of kings; from the captivity to Christ private individuals. The first and second tessaradecade have an illustrious beginning; the third not so, that its ending in Messiah might stand forth pre-eminent above all that went before.
The first is that of promise, beginning with. Abraham and ending with David, the receivers of the promise; the second adumbrates Christ's eternal kingdom through the temporary kingdom of David's line; the third period is that of expectation. On Cainan in Luke's Gospel, (See CAINAN. The name Jehoiakim seemingly has dropped out, Josiah's son and Jeconiah's father; otherwise David would have to be counted twice to make up the second 14. Five females are in Matthew's Gospel: incestuous Tamar, Rahab the Moabitess and a harlot, Ruth, Uriah's wife Bathsheba the object of David's adulterous love, and above all Mary; all extraordinary monuments of God's grace, that chooses out of the vilest to make vessels unto honor, for the bringing forth of the promised Seed, who was to save sinners of every type and race.
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And thy name shall no more be called Abram, and thy name shall be Abraham, for the father of a multitude of nations have I given thee.
And ye brought near a burnt-offering, a sacrifice, an odor of sweetness to Jehovah: thirteen bullocks, sons of a cow, two rams, fourteen lambs, sons of a year: blameless shall they be.
And Jair, the son of Manasseh, went, and he will take their villages, and he will call them the villages of Jair.
And every daughter possessing an inheritance from the tribe of the sons of Israel, to one of the families of the tribe of her father shall she be for wife, so that the sons of Israel shall possess each the inheritance of his fathers.
And every daughter possessing an inheritance from the tribe of the sons of Israel, to one of the families of the tribe of her father shall she be for wife, so that the sons of Israel shall possess each the inheritance of his fathers.
And Tamar his daughter-in law will bring forth to him Pharez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah, five. The sons of Pharez: Hezron and Hamul.
And afterward Hezron came in to the daughter of Machir father of Gilead; and he took her, and he the son of sixty years; and she will bear to him Segub. And Segub begat Jair; and there will be to him twenty and three cities in the land of Gilead.
And I caused him to stand in my house and in my kingdom even to forever: and his throne shall be set up even to forever.
And a rod shall come forth from the stock of Jesse, and a sprout shall blossom from his roots:
Thus said Jehovah, Write ye this man destitute, a man shall not prosper in his days: for not a man of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David, and ruling yet in Judah.
The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, son of David, son of Abraham.
And reflecting upon these things, behold a messenger of the Lord appeared to him saying, Joseph, thou son of David, thou shouldest not fear to take to thyself Mary thy wife: for that begotten in her is of the Holy Spirit.
He shall be great, and he shall be called the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall give him the throne of David his father:
And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (for he was of the house and family of David :)
And Jesus himself was beginning about thirty years, being, as was thought, the son of Joseph, of Eli,
Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God swore with an oath to him, of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, to raise up Christ to sit upon his throne:
Therefore of faith, that according to grace; the promise to be firm to all the seed; not to that of the law only, but also to that of the faith of Abraham; who is father of us all, (As it has been written, That have set thee father of many nations,) over against him who believed God, making alive the dead, and calling things not being as being.
Hastings
GENEALOGY OF JESUS CHRIST
1. The two genealogies.
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This the word which Jehovah commanded to the daughters of Zelophehad, saying, To the good in their eyes they shall be for wives; only to the families of the tribe of their fathers shall they be for wives.
And these the generations of Pharez: Pharez begat Hezron, And Hezron begat Ram, and Ram begat Aminadab, read more. And Aminadab begat Nashon, and Nashon begat Salmon And Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed, And Obed begat Jesse, and Jesse begat David.
Adam, Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Malialaleel, Jered, read more. Henoch, Methusaleh, Lamech, Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech and Tiras. And the sons of Gomer: Ashchenaz and Riphath, and Togarmah. The sons of Javan: Elishah, and Tarshish, Chittim and Dodanim. The sons of Ham: Cush, and Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. The sons of Cush: Seba, and Havilah, and Sabta, and Raamah, and Sabtecha. And the sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dedan. And Cush begat Nimrod. He began to be strong in the earth. And Mizraim begat Ludim and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (which came forth from them the Philisteim) and Caphtorim. And Canaan begat Zidon, his firstborn, and Heth, And the Jesubite, and the Amorite, and Girgashite, And the Hivite, and the Archite, and the Sinite, And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite, The sons of Shem: Elam, and Ashur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram, and Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech, And Arphaxad begat Shelah and Shelah begat Eber. And to Eber being born two sons: the name of the one Peleg, for in his days was the earth divided: and the name of the brother Joktan. And Joktan began Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah. Hadoram, and Uzal and Diklah, And Ebal, and Abimael, and Sheba, And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobah All these sons of Joktan. Shem, Arphaxad, Shelah, Eber, Peleg, Reu. Serug, Nahor, Terah, Abram: he is Abraham,
These the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Zebulon, Dan, Joseph, and Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad and Asher. read more. The sons of Judah: Er and Onan, and Shelah: three were born to him from the daughter of Shua the Canaanitess. And Er the first-born of Judah will be evil in the eyes of Jehovah; and he will slay him. And Tamar his daughter-in law will bring forth to him Pharez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah, five. The sons of Pharez: Hezron and Hamul. And the sons of Zerah: Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara: all of them, five. And the sons of Carmi: Achar, troubling Israel, who transgressed in the devoted thing. And the sons of Ethan: Azariah. And the sons of Hezron, which were born to him: Jerahmeel, and Ram, and Chelubai. And Ram begat Aminadab: and Aminadab begat Nashon, prince of the sons of Judah; And Nashon begat Selma, and Selma begat Boaz And Boaz begat Obed, and Obed begat Jesse. And Jesse begat his first-born Eliab, and Abinidab the second, and Shimma the third, Nathaneel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, Ozem the sixth, David the seventh; And their sisters, Zeruiah and Abigail. And the sons of Zeruiah: Abishai, and Joab, and Asahel, three.
And the son of Solomon, Rehoboam Abiah his son, Asa his son, Jehoshaphat, his son, Joram his son, Ahaziah his son, Joash his son, read more. Amaziah his son, Azariah his son, Jotham his son, Ahaz his son, Hezekiah his son, Manasseh his son, Amon his son, Josiah his son. And the sons of Josiah the firstborn, Johanan the second Jehoiakim; the third Zedekiah; the fourth Shallum.
And the sons of Josiah the firstborn, Johanan the second Jehoiakim; the third Zedekiah; the fourth Shallum.
The sons of Pedaiah, Zerubbabel and Shimei: and the sons of Zerubbabel: Meshullam and Hannaniah, and Shelomith their sister:
And the sons of Elioenai, Hodaiah, and Eliashib, and Pelaiah, and Akkub, and Johanan, and Delaiah, and Anani; seven.
And the rest of the words of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which he did, and that being found upon him, behold them written upon the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. And Jehoiachin his son will reign in his stead.
And Joshua the son of Josedek, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and they will build the altar of the God of Israel, to bring up upon it burnt-offerings as written in the law of Moses the man of God.
I live says Jehovah, for if Coniah son of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, shall be the seal upon my right hand, I will pluck thee off from thence.
I live says Jehovah, for if Coniah son of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, shall be the seal upon my right hand, I will pluck thee off from thence.
Thus said Jehovah, Write ye this man destitute, a man shall not prosper in his days: for not a man of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David, and ruling yet in Judah.
And it will be in the thirty and seventh year to the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, in the twenty and fifth to the month, Evil Merodach, king of Babel, in the year of his reigning lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah and brought him forth from the house of the prison,
Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob: and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren; And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram;
And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Rath; and Obed begat Jesse;
And Elind begat Eleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; and Matthan begat Jacob; And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, being called Christ, the anointed.
And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, being called Christ, the anointed.
And the generation of Jesus Christ was thus: for Mary his mother having been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found with child by the Holy Ghost.
And having heard that it is Jesus the Nazarite, he began to cry, and to say, Son of David, O Jesus, compasaionate me.
Praised the kingdom coming in the name of the Lord of our father David : Osanna in the highest ones.
There was in the days of Herod, king of Judea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the daily order of Abia: and his wife the daughter of Aaron, and her name Elizabeth.
And, behold, Elizabeth thy kinsman, she also having conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month to her, called barren.
And, behold, Elizabeth thy kinsman, she also having conceived a son in her old age: and this is the sixth month to her, called barren.
And Jesus himself was beginning about thirty years, being, as was thought, the son of Joseph, of Eli,
And Jesus himself was beginning about thirty years, being, as was thought, the son of Joseph, of Eli, Of Matthat, of Levi, of Melchi, of Janna, of Joseph,
Of Maath, of Mattathias, of Semei, of Joseph, of Juda, Of Joanna, of Rhesa, of Zorobabel, of Salathiel, of Neri,
Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God swore with an oath to him, of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, to raise up Christ to sit upon his throne:
From the seed of this has God according to promise raised up to Israel a Saviour, Jesus:
Concerning his Son born of the seed of David according to the flesh.
The word sound, not to be condemned; that he from the opposite may be changed, having nothing bad to say of you.
For it is manifest that our Lord has sprung out of Judah; to which tribe Moses spake nothing of the priesthood.
And one of the elders says to me, Weep not: behold, the Lion conquered, he being of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, to open the book, and to loose its seven seals.
I Jesus sent mine angel to testify these things to you, to the churches. I am the root and stock of David, the shining and morning star.
Smith
Genealogy of Jesus Christ.
The New Testament gives us the genealogy of but one person, that of our Saviour. This is given because it was important to prove that Jesus fulfilled the prophecies spoken of him. Only as the son and heir of David should he be the Messiah. The following propositions will explain the true construction of these genealogies:--
1. They are both the genealogies of Joseph, i.e. of Jesus Christ as the reputed and legal son of Joseph and Mary.
2. The genealogy of St. Matthew is Joseph's genealogy as legal successor to the throne of David. St. Luke's is Joseph's private Genealogy, exhibiting his real birth as David's son, and thus showing why he was heir to Solomon's crown. The simple principle that one evangelist exhibits that genealogy which contained the successive heir to David's and Solomon's throne, while the other exhibits the paternal stem of him who was the heir, explains all the anomalies of the two pedigrees, their agreements as well as their discrepancies, and the circumstance of there being two at all.
3. Mary, the mother of Jesus, was in all probability the daughter of Jacob, and first cousin to Joseph her husband. Thus: Matthan or Matthat
father of Jacob, Heli Jacob father of Mary = Jacob'e heir was (Joseph) Heli father of Joseph JESUS, called Christ. (Godet, Lange and many others take the ground that Luke gives the genealogy of Mary, rendering
Lu 3:23
thus: Jesus "being (as was suppposed) the son of Joseph, (but in reality) the son of Heli." In this case Mary, as declared in the Targums, was the daughter of Heli, and Heli was the grandfather of Jesus. Mary's name was omitted because "ancient sentiment did not comport with the mention of the mother as the genealogical link." So we often find in the Old Testament the grandson called the son. This view has this greatly in its favor, that it shows that Jesus was not merely the legal but the actual descendant of David; and it would be very strange that in the gospel accounts, where so much is made of Jesus being the son and heir of David and of his kingdom his real descent from David should not be given.--ED.)
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And Jesus himself was beginning about thirty years, being, as was thought, the son of Joseph, of Eli,