Reference: Hiram
Easton
high-born. (1.) Generally "Huram," one of the sons of Bela (1Ch 8:5).
(2.) Also "Huram" and "Horam," king of Tyre. He entered into an alliance with David, and assisted him in building his palace by sending him able workmen, and also cedar-trees and fir-trees from Lebanon (2Sa 5:11; 1Ch 14:1). After the death of David he entered into a similar alliance with Solomon, and assisted him greatly in building the temple (1Ki 5:1; 9:11; 2Ch 2:3). He also took part in Solomon's traffic to the Eastern Seas (1Ki 9:27; 10:11; 2Ch 8:18; 9:10).
(3.) The "master workman" whom Hiram sent to Solomon. He was the son of a widow of Dan, and of a Tyrian father. In 2Ch 2:13 "Huram my father" should be Huram Abi, the word "Abi" (rendered here "my father") being regarded as a proper name, or it may perhaps be a title of distinction given to Huram, and equivalent to "master." (Comp. 1Ki 7:14; 2Ch 4:16.) He cast the magnificent brazen works for Solomon's temple in clay-beds in the valley of Jordan, between Succoth and Zarthan.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Then Hiram, king of Tyre, sent messengers unto David, with cedar-wood, and carpenters, and masons, and they built a house for David.
And Hiram King of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon, for he had heard that, him, had they anointed king, in the room of his father, - for, Hiram, was, a lover, of, David continually.
son of a widow woman, was he of the tribe of Naphtali, but, his father, was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze, and he was filled with wisdom, and discernment, and knowledge, for executing all manner of work in bronze, - so he came unto King Solomon, and executed all his work.
Hiram king of Tyre having supplied Solomon with timber of cedar, and with timber of fir, and with gold, according to all his desire, that, then, King Solomon gave unto Hiram twenty cities, in the land of Galilee.
And Hiram sent in the fleet his servants, seamen, having knowledge of the sea, - with the servants of Solomon;
Moreover also, the fleet of Hiram, which brought gold from Ophir, brought in, from Ophir sandal-wood in great abundance, and precious stones.
Now, therefore, have I sent a wise man, skilled in understanding, pertaining to Huram my father:
Fausets
(Huram in Chronicles usually, except 1Ch 14:1, in the ketibh, the original Hebrew text).
1. King of Tyre. Sent carpenters, masons, and cedars to David to build his palace (2Sa 5:11). Eupolemon (see Polyhistor, Fragm. Hist. Greek, 3 fr. 18), apparently on the authority of Dius and Menunder of Ephesus in file time of Alexander the Great, states, "David reduced the Syrians near the Euphrates, and Commagene, the Assy. finns, and Phoenicians in Gilead, Edom, Ammon, Moab, Ituraeans, and Nabathaeans; and made an expedition against Suron (Huram?) king of Tyre and Phoenicia, and compelled them all to pay tribute to the Jews." This confirms 2 Samuel 8; 9, and adds particulars drawn probably from Phoenician or other non-Israelite sources. Hiram was "ever a lover of David" (1Ki 5:1,10-12). So he made a "league" with his son Solomon (beriyt, "a covenant," recognizing Jehovah, and guaranteeing to Jewish sojourners at Tyre religious liberty).
The mention that "there was peace between Hiram and Solomon" may hint at there having been once war between Hiram and David, before Hiram became "a lover of David." Hiram gave Solomon for the temple cedars and firs, and gold, six score talents, according to all his desire, and Solomon in return gave Hiram 20,000 measures of wheat and 26 measures of pure oil yearly; the mercantile coast cities being dependent on the grain and olive abounding region of Palestine (Ac 12:20 end). Solomon also gave Hiram 20 cities in Galilee, which did not satisfy him, and which therefore he called Cabul. (See CABUL.) (1Ki 9:11-14,27-28).
Tyre is threatened with punishment for delivering the Jewish captives to Edom, and not remembering "the brotherly covenant," namely, between Hiram and David and Solomon. Hiram sent also in the navy expert shipmen to Ophir from Ezion-Geber, with Solomon's servants; and a navy. (See OPHIR.) With Solomon's navy of Tharshish (1Ki 10:22) to share in the Mediterranean trade. Dius assigns to Hiram a 34 years' reign, and names Abibal as his father, Baleazar as his son and successor. Josephus (Ant. 8:2, section 8) States that the correspondence between Hiram and Solomon was kept in his day among the Tyrian archives.
2. King Hiram sent to Solomon an overseer of workmen skilled in working gold, silver, brass, iron, stone, wood, purple, linen, etc. Bezaleel, similarly (Ex 31:18), but by supernatural endowment, combined weaving with metallurgy. He cast the two great brass pillars of the temple, and made the lavers, shovels and basins (1Ki 7:13-40). He is called "my father," i.e. a title of honour, counselor, master workman (Ge 45:8). "Son of a widow of Naphtali," but in 2Ch 2:13-14, of one "of the daughters of Dan," i.e. she was by birth a Danite, and married into Naphtali. When her husband died she married again, as widow of a Naphtalite, a Tyrian to whom she bore Hiram Blunt (Undesigned Coincidences) makes her of the colony Dan or Laish in Naphtali, bordering on Sidoninn or Tyrian territory.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Now, therefore it was not ye, who sent me hither, but, God, himself, - who also appointed me to be a father to Pharaoh, and a lord to all his house, and a ruler over all the land of Egypt.
Then gave he unto Moses, as he finished speaking with him in Mount Sinai, the two tables of the testimony, - tables of stone, written with the finger of God,
Then Hiram, king of Tyre, sent messengers unto David, with cedar-wood, and carpenters, and masons, and they built a house for David.
And Hiram King of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon, for he had heard that, him, had they anointed king, in the room of his father, - for, Hiram, was, a lover, of, David continually.
So then Hiram began giving unto Solomon timber of cedar, and timber of fir, even all his desire, and, Solomon, gave unto Hiram, twenty thousand measures of wheat, as food for his household, and twenty measures of beaten oil, - thus, used Solomon on to give unto Hiram, year by year. read more. And, Yahweh, gave wisdom unto Solomon, as he promised him, - and it came to pass that there was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and, they two, solemnised a covenant.
And King Solomon sent and fetched Hiram, out of Tyre: son of a widow woman, was he of the tribe of Naphtali, but, his father, was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze, and he was filled with wisdom, and discernment, and knowledge, for executing all manner of work in bronze, - so he came unto King Solomon, and executed all his work. read more. And he cast two pillars of bronze, - eighteen cubits, the height of each pillar, and, a line of twelve cubits, would surround the second pillar. And, two capitals, made he, to set upon the tops of the pillars, of molten bronze, - five cubits, was the height of the one capital, and, five cubits, the height of the other capital; with a frame of checker work, wreaths of chain work, for the capitals which were upon the top of the pillars, - seven for the one capital, and seven for the other capital. So he made the pillars, - and, two rows round about, upon the one frame of checker work, covering the capitals which were upon the top with pomegranates, thus also, did he for the other capital. And, the capitals which were upon the top of the pillars, were of lily work, in span, four cubits. And there were capitals upon the two pillars, above also, close by the belly, which was beside the checker work, - and there were two hundred pomegranates, in rows round about, upon either capital. So he reared the pillars for the porch of the temple, - yea he reared the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin, and reared the left pillar, and called the name thereof, Boaz. And, upon the top of the pillars, was lily work, - which gave finish to the work of the pillars. And he made a molten sea, - ten cubits from the one brim to the other, it was round all about, and, five cubits, was the height thereof, and, a line of thirty cubits, would encompass it round about. And, colocynths, were under the brim thereof round about, encompassing it, ten in a cubit, encircling the sea, round about, - two rows of colocynths, made in the casting thereof: standing upon twelve oxen, three looking northward, and three looking westward, and three looking southward, and three looking eastward, the sea, being upon them above, - all their hinder parts, being, inward. And, the thickness thereof, was a hand breadth, and, the brim thereof, was like the brim-work of a cup, of lily-blossoms, - two thousand baths, did it contain. And he made ten stands of bronze, - four cubits, the length of each stand, and, four cubits, the breadth thereof, and, three cubits, the height thereof. And, this, was the work of the stand, there were, side walls, to them, - and, the side-walls, were between joining ledges; and, upon the side-walls which were between the ledges, were lions, oxen, and cherubim, and, upon the ledges, was a pedestal above, and, beneath the lions and oxen, a wreath of hanging work. And, four wheels of bronze, had each stand, with axles of bronze, and, the four steps thereof, had shoulder pieces, - under the laver, were the molten shoulder-pieces, over against each wreath. And, the mouth thereof, within the capital and upwards, was a cubit, and, the mouth thereof, was round, of pedestal work, a cubit and a half, - moreover also, upon the mouth thereof, were gravings, with their side-walls four-square, not round. And, four wheels, were beneath the side-walls, the axletrees of the wheels, being in the stands, - and, the height of each wheel, was a cubit and a half: and, the work of the wheels, was like the work of a chariot-wheel; and, their axletrees, and their felloes, and their spokes, and their naves, the whole, were molten. And there were, four shoulder-pieces, at the four corners of each stand, of the stand itself, were the shoulder-pieces thereof. And, in the top of the stand, half a cubit in height, was a circular piece round about, - and, on the top of the stand, the tenons thereof, and, the side-walls thereof, were of the same. Then carved he, upon the plates of the tenons thereof, and upon the side-walls thereof, cherubim, lions, and palm-trees, - according to the open space of each with a wreath round about. Thus, made he the ten stands, - one mould, one measure, one shape, had they, all. Then made he ten lavers of bronze, - forty baths, would each laver contain, four cubits, was each laver, one laver, was on each of, the ten stands. And he set the stands, five on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house, - but, the sea, he set on the right side of the house eastward, over against the south. And Hiram made lavers, and shovels, and bowls, - and Hiram ended the doing of all the work which he wrought for King Solomon, for the house of Yahweh:
Hiram king of Tyre having supplied Solomon with timber of cedar, and with timber of fir, and with gold, according to all his desire, that, then, King Solomon gave unto Hiram twenty cities, in the land of Galilee. And Hiram came out from Tyre to view the cities which, Solomon, had given him, - and they were not pleasing in his eyes. read more. So he said - What cities are these which thou hast given me, my brother? And he called them, Unfruitful Land, as they are called unto this day. Now Hiram had sent to the king, - a hundred and twenty talents of gold.
And Hiram sent in the fleet his servants, seamen, having knowledge of the sea, - with the servants of Solomon; and they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence, gold, four hundred and twenty talents, - and brought it to King Solomon.
For, a fleet of Tarshish, had the king, at sea, with the fleet of Hiram, - once in three years, came in the fleet of Tarshish, bringing gold and silver, ivory and apes, and peacocks.
And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers unto David, and timber of cedars, with masons and artificers, to build for him a house.
Now, therefore, have I sent a wise man, skilled in understanding, pertaining to Huram my father: son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, whose father was a man of Tyre, skilled to work in gold and in silver, in bronze, in iron, in stones and in timber, in purple, in blue and in fine white linen, and in crimson, and to grave any manner of graving, and to devise any manner of device that may be given to him, with thy wise men, and the wise men of my lord David thy father.
Now he was bitterly hostile to them of Tyre and Zidon; but, with one accord, they came unto him, and, persuading Blastus, who was over the bed-chamber of the king, they were suing for peace; because their country was fed by the king's,
Hastings
1. King of Tyre, son and successor of Abihaal. When David was firmly established on his throne, Hiram, we are told, sent messengers to him, and, in order to show his goodwill, gave David materials for building his palace, sending at the same time workmen to assist in the building (2Sa 5:11; 1Ch 14:1. This first mention of Hiram is somewhat abrupt, and leads to the supposition that there must have been some earlier intercourse between him and David, the details of which have not come down to us. A real friendship, however, undoubtedly existed between the two (1Ki 5:1), and this was extended to Solomon after the death of David. A regular alliance was made when Solomon came to the throne, Hiram supplying men and materials for the building of the house of the Lord, while Solomon, in return, sent corn and oil to Hiram. Another sign of friendliness was their joint enterprise in sending ships to Ophir to procure gold (1Ki 9:26-28; 10:11; 2Ch 8:17-18; 9:10,21). A curious episode is recounted in 1Ki 9:10,14, according to which Solomon gave Hiram 'twenty cities in the land of Galilee.' Hiram was dissatisfied with the gift, though he gave Solomon 'sixscore talents of gold.' In the parallel account (2Ch 8:1-2) it is Hiram who gives cities (the number is not specified) to Solomon.
There is altogether considerable confusion in the Biblical references to Hiram, as a study of the passages in question shows. When these are compared with extra-Biblical information which we possess in the writings of early historians, discrepancies are emphasized. While, therefore, the friendly intercourse between Hiram and Solomon (as well as with David) is unquestionably historical, it is not always possible to say the same of the details.
2. The name of an artificer from Tyre 'filled with wisdom and understanding and cunning, to work all works in brass' (see 1Ki 7:18-47); he is also spoken of as 'skilful to work in gold, and in silver, in brass, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Then Hiram, king of Tyre, sent messengers unto David, with cedar-wood, and carpenters, and masons, and they built a house for David.
And Hiram King of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon, for he had heard that, him, had they anointed king, in the room of his father, - for, Hiram, was, a lover, of, David continually.
So then Hiram began giving unto Solomon timber of cedar, and timber of fir, even all his desire,
And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders with the Gebalites wrought them, - thus made they ready the timber and the stones, for building the house.
son of a widow woman, was he of the tribe of Naphtali, but, his father, was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze, and he was filled with wisdom, and discernment, and knowledge, for executing all manner of work in bronze, - so he came unto King Solomon, and executed all his work.
So he made the pillars, - and, two rows round about, upon the one frame of checker work, covering the capitals which were upon the top with pomegranates, thus also, did he for the other capital. And, the capitals which were upon the top of the pillars, were of lily work, in span, four cubits. read more. And there were capitals upon the two pillars, above also, close by the belly, which was beside the checker work, - and there were two hundred pomegranates, in rows round about, upon either capital. So he reared the pillars for the porch of the temple, - yea he reared the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin, and reared the left pillar, and called the name thereof, Boaz. And, upon the top of the pillars, was lily work, - which gave finish to the work of the pillars. And he made a molten sea, - ten cubits from the one brim to the other, it was round all about, and, five cubits, was the height thereof, and, a line of thirty cubits, would encompass it round about. And, colocynths, were under the brim thereof round about, encompassing it, ten in a cubit, encircling the sea, round about, - two rows of colocynths, made in the casting thereof: standing upon twelve oxen, three looking northward, and three looking westward, and three looking southward, and three looking eastward, the sea, being upon them above, - all their hinder parts, being, inward. And, the thickness thereof, was a hand breadth, and, the brim thereof, was like the brim-work of a cup, of lily-blossoms, - two thousand baths, did it contain. And he made ten stands of bronze, - four cubits, the length of each stand, and, four cubits, the breadth thereof, and, three cubits, the height thereof. And, this, was the work of the stand, there were, side walls, to them, - and, the side-walls, were between joining ledges; and, upon the side-walls which were between the ledges, were lions, oxen, and cherubim, and, upon the ledges, was a pedestal above, and, beneath the lions and oxen, a wreath of hanging work. And, four wheels of bronze, had each stand, with axles of bronze, and, the four steps thereof, had shoulder pieces, - under the laver, were the molten shoulder-pieces, over against each wreath. And, the mouth thereof, within the capital and upwards, was a cubit, and, the mouth thereof, was round, of pedestal work, a cubit and a half, - moreover also, upon the mouth thereof, were gravings, with their side-walls four-square, not round. And, four wheels, were beneath the side-walls, the axletrees of the wheels, being in the stands, - and, the height of each wheel, was a cubit and a half: and, the work of the wheels, was like the work of a chariot-wheel; and, their axletrees, and their felloes, and their spokes, and their naves, the whole, were molten. And there were, four shoulder-pieces, at the four corners of each stand, of the stand itself, were the shoulder-pieces thereof. And, in the top of the stand, half a cubit in height, was a circular piece round about, - and, on the top of the stand, the tenons thereof, and, the side-walls thereof, were of the same. Then carved he, upon the plates of the tenons thereof, and upon the side-walls thereof, cherubim, lions, and palm-trees, - according to the open space of each with a wreath round about. Thus, made he the ten stands, - one mould, one measure, one shape, had they, all. Then made he ten lavers of bronze, - forty baths, would each laver contain, four cubits, was each laver, one laver, was on each of, the ten stands. And he set the stands, five on the right side of the house, and five on the left side of the house, - but, the sea, he set on the right side of the house eastward, over against the south. And Hiram made lavers, and shovels, and bowls, - and Hiram ended the doing of all the work which he wrought for King Solomon, for the house of Yahweh:
And Hiram made lavers, and shovels, and bowls, - and Hiram ended the doing of all the work which he wrought for King Solomon, for the house of Yahweh: two pillars, - and the bowls of the capitals which were upon the top of the two pillars, - and the two frames of checker-work, covering the two bowls of the capitals, which were upon the top of the pillars; read more. and the four hundred pomegranates, for the two frames of checker-work, - two rows of pomegranates to each frame, for covering the two bowls of the capitals, which were on the face of the pillars; and the ten stands, - with the ten lavers upon the stands; and the one sea, - with the twelve oxen under the sea; and the pans, and the shovels, and the tossing bowls, and, all these vessels which Hiram made King Solomon, for the house of Yahweh, were of burnished bronze. In the circuit of the Jordan, did the king cast them, in the clay ground, - between Succoth and Zarethan. And Solomon let all the vessels be, because of their exceeding great multitude, - the weight of the bronze was not found out.
And it came to pass, at the end of twenty years, when Solomon had built the two houses, - the house of Yahweh, and the house of the king;
Now Hiram had sent to the king, - a hundred and twenty talents of gold.
A fleet also, did King Solomon build in Ezion-geber, which is beside Eloth on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom. And Hiram sent in the fleet his servants, seamen, having knowledge of the sea, - with the servants of Solomon; read more. and they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence, gold, four hundred and twenty talents, - and brought it to King Solomon.
Moreover also, the fleet of Hiram, which brought gold from Ophir, brought in, from Ophir sandal-wood in great abundance, and precious stones.
son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, whose father was a man of Tyre, skilled to work in gold and in silver, in bronze, in iron, in stones and in timber, in purple, in blue and in fine white linen, and in crimson, and to grave any manner of graving, and to devise any manner of device that may be given to him, with thy wise men, and the wise men of my lord David thy father.
son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, whose father was a man of Tyre, skilled to work in gold and in silver, in bronze, in iron, in stones and in timber, in purple, in blue and in fine white linen, and in crimson, and to grave any manner of graving, and to devise any manner of device that may be given to him, with thy wise men, and the wise men of my lord David thy father.
And it came to pass, at the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon had built the house of Yahweh, and his own house, that, the cities which Huram had given to Solomon, Solomon built them, - and caused, the sons of Israel, to dwell there.
Morish
Hi'ram
1. King of Tyre, who loved David and was a friend of Solomon. By his servants he supplied both timber and stone for the temple and the palaces of Solomon. Their navies also united to bring the produce of other lands. Solomon gave to Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee, but Hiram was not pleased with them: he called them, in Aramaic CABUL, 'displeasing or dirty;' and the cities were eventually returned to Solomon. 2 Sam. 5:11; 1Ki 5; 9:11-27; 10:11,22; 1Ch 14:1, etc. He is called HURAM in 2Ch 2:3-12; 8:2,18; 9:10,21.
2. A skilful workman of Tyre, filled with wisdom and understanding, who was sent to make things for the temple. His father was a man of Tyre, and he is called "the son of a woman of the daughters of Dan" in 2Ch 2:14; but in 1Ki 7:14 it reads "a widow's son of the tribe of Naphtali," which may mean that her husband was a man of Naphtali. 1Ki 7:13,40,45. He is called HURAM in 2Ch 2:13; 4:11,16.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And King Solomon sent and fetched Hiram, out of Tyre: son of a widow woman, was he of the tribe of Naphtali, but, his father, was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze, and he was filled with wisdom, and discernment, and knowledge, for executing all manner of work in bronze, - so he came unto King Solomon, and executed all his work.
And Hiram made lavers, and shovels, and bowls, - and Hiram ended the doing of all the work which he wrought for King Solomon, for the house of Yahweh:
and the pans, and the shovels, and the tossing bowls, and, all these vessels which Hiram made King Solomon, for the house of Yahweh, were of burnished bronze.
And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers unto David, and timber of cedars, with masons and artificers, to build for him a house.
And Solomon sent unto Huram king of Tyre, saying, - As thou didst deal with David my father, and didst send him cedars to build him a house to dwell in, lo! I, am about to build a house for the Name of Yahweh my God, to hallow unto him - to burn before him sweet incense, and for a continual setting in array, and to offer ascending-sacrifices morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the appointed feasts of Yahweh our God,-age-abiding, is this law for Israel. read more. And, the house which I am about to build, must be great, - for great is our God, above all gods. But who is able to build unto him a house? for, the heavens, even the heaven of heavens, cannot contain him, - who then am, I, that I should build unto him a house, though only to burn incense before him? Now, therefore, send me a wise man, to work in gold and in silver and in bronze and in iron, and in purple and crimson and blue, and skilful to execute gravings, - with the wise men who are with me, in Judah and in Jerusalem, whom my father David did provide. And send me - timbers of cedar, cypress and sandal-wood, out of the Lebanon, for, I, know that, thy servants, are skilful, to cut the timbers of Lebanon, - and lo! my servants shall be with thy servants: yea to prepare me timbers in abundance, - for, the house which I am about to build, must be great and most wonderful. And lo! for the hewers that cut the timbers, have I given wheat as food for thy servants, twenty thousand measures, and barley, twenty thousand measures, and wine, twenty thousand baths, and oil, twenty thousand baths. Then answered Huram king of Tyre, in writing, which he sent unto Solomon, - Because Yahweh hath loved his people, hath he set thee over them as king. And Huram said, Blessed be Yahweh, God of Israel, who made the heavens and the earth, - who hath given, unto David the king, a wise son, skilled in prudence and understanding, who will build a house for Yahweh, and a house for his kingdom. Now, therefore, have I sent a wise man, skilled in understanding, pertaining to Huram my father: son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, whose father was a man of Tyre, skilled to work in gold and in silver, in bronze, in iron, in stones and in timber, in purple, in blue and in fine white linen, and in crimson, and to grave any manner of graving, and to devise any manner of device that may be given to him, with thy wise men, and the wise men of my lord David thy father.
And Huram made - the pans, and the shovels, and the tossing bowls, - and Huram finished doing the work, which he did for King Solomon, in the house of God: -
and, the pans and the shovels and the flesh-hooks, and all the vessels, made Huram his father for King Solomon, for the house of Yahweh, - of burnished bronze,
that, the cities which Huram had given to Solomon, Solomon built them, - and caused, the sons of Israel, to dwell there.
And Huram sent him - by the hand of his servants - ships, and servants skilled in the sea, and they came, with the servants of Solomon, towards Ophir, and took from thence, four hundred and fifty talents of gold, - and brought unto King Solomon.
Moreover also, the servants of Huram, and the servants of Solomon, who brought gold from Ophir, brought sandal-wood and precious stones.
For, the ships of the king, used to go to Tarshish, with the servants of Huram, - once in three years, came in the ships of Tarshish, bearing gold and silver, ivory and apes, and peacocks.
Watsons
HIRAM, king of Tyre, and son of Abibal, is mentioned by profane authors as distinguished for his magnificence, and for adorning the city of Tyre. When David was acknowledged king by all Israel, Hiram sent ambassadors with artificers, and cedar, to build his palace. Hiram also sent ambassadors to Solomon, to congratulate him on his accession to the crown. Solomon desired of him timber and stones for building the temple, with labourers. These Hiram promised, provided Solomon would furnish him with corn and oil. The two princes lived on the best terms with each other.