Reference: Moab, Moabites
Hastings
Moab occupied the lofty table-land to the east of the Dead Sea. It was bounded on the E. by the Arabian desert, on the S. by the land of Edom, on the W. by the Dead Sea and Jordan Valley. Its N. boundary fluctuated at different periods between the Arnon and an indistinct line some distance north of Heshbon. This table-land is elevated some 3000 feet above the level of the Mediterranean, and 4300 feet above the Dead Sea. It is traversed by three deep valleys, the middle one of which, the Arnon, is the deepest, and is often mentioned in the Bible. The northern portion consists of broad stretches of rolling country, the reddish soil of which is fertile, while in the southern portion more hills are found, and the deep wrinkles interfere more with agriculture. In the winter months the rainfall is adequate, and renders the country very desirable in comparison with the deserts on its border.
In the earliest times known to us this land was called Lotan (Egyp. Ruten), or Lot. The narrative of Ge 19, which makes Lot (wh. see) the father of Moab, apparently means that the Moabites settled in this land of Lot. The meaning of Moab is undetermined. The etymology of Ge 19:37 (Septuagint) is not philological, and modern guesses are uncertain.
The narrative of Ge 19 shows that the Israelites recognized the Moabites as their kinsmen. That they really were such, their language, religion, and customs, so far as known to us, also testify. Probably, then, the Moabites came with the wave of Aram
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And the firstborn bare a son, and called his name Moab, - the same, is the father of Moab, unto this day.
Then sent Israel messengers, unto Sihon king of the Amorites, saying: Let me pass through thy land we will not turn aside into field or into vineyard, nor will we drink the water of a well, - by the kings road, will we go, until we get through thy boundary. read more. And Sihon suffered not Israel to pass through his boundary, but Sihon gathered together all his people, and came forth to meet Israel, towards the desert, and entered Jahaz, and fought with Israel. And Israel smote him with the edge of the sword, - and took possession of his land, from Arnon unto Jabbok, unto the sons of Ammon, for strong, was the boundary of the sons of Ammon. So Israel took all these cities, - and Israel dwelt in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon and in all her villages; for, as for Heshbon, the city of Sihon king of the Amorites, it was, he, having fought with the former king of Moab, and taken all his land out of his hand, unto Arnon. For this cause, say the poets - Enter ye Heshbon, - Built and prepared be the city of Sihon; For, a fire, hath come forth out of Heshbon, A flame, out of the stronghold of Sihon; It hath consumed Ar of Moab, The lords of the high places of Arnon. Woe to thee, Moab, Thou art lost, O people of Chemosh, - He hath given up his sons as fugitives, And his daughters into captivity, Unto the king of the Amorites, Sihon. Then we shot them - Heshbon is destroyed, as far as Dibon, - Then laid we waste as far as Nophah, A fire reacheth unto Medeba. So then Israel dwelt in the land of the Amorites.
And Moses said unto the judges of Israel, - Slay ye each one his men, who have let them-selves he herald unto Baal-peor.
Lo! they, became unto the sons of Israel, by the advice of Balaam, the cause of daring acts of treachery against Yahweh, over the affair of Peor, - and then came the plague against the assembly of Yahweh!
And Yahweh said unto me - Do not lay siege to Moab, nor engage in strife with them in battle, - for I will not give unto thee of his and as a possession, for unto the sons of Lot, have I given Ar, as a possession.
Arise ye, set forward and cross over the ravine of Arnon, see! I have given into thy hand - Sihon king of Heshbon, the Amorite and his land, begin - take possession, - and engage in strife with him in battle. This day, will I begin to extend the dread of thee and the fear of thee over the face of the peoples under all the heavens, - who will hear the report of thee, then will they quake and writhe in pain because of thee. read more. So I sent messengers out of the desert of Kademoth, unto Sihon, king of Heshbon, - with words of peace saying: I would pass along through thy land, by the road, by the road, will I go, - I will not turn aside, to the right hand or to the left: Food for silver, shalt thou sell me so will I eat, and water for silver, shalt thou let me have, so will I drink, - only I would pass through on my feet; - as the sons of Esau, who are dwelling in Seir, did to me, and the Moabites who are dwelling in Ar, - until that I pass over the Jordan, into the land which, Yahweh our God, is giving unto us. But Sihon king of Heshbon, was not willing, to let us pass along through it, - for Yahweh thy God had suffered him to make his spirit harsh and his heart bold, that he might give him into thy hand - (as appeareth this day). Then said Yahweh unto me, See! I have begun to deliver up before thee Sihon and his land, - begin take possession, that thou mayest make a possession of his land. So then Sihon came out to meet us he, and all his people, to give battle at Jahaz. And Yahweh our God delivered him up before us, - and we smote him and his sons, and all his people And we captured all his cities, at that time, and devoted to destruction every city of males, with the women and the little ones, - we left not remaining a survivor: only the cattle, made we our prey, - and the spoil of the cities which we captured.
because they met you not with bread and water, in the way, when ye came forth out of Egypt, - but hired against thee Balaam son of Beer from Pethor of Mesopotamia, to curse thee.
and their boundary was from Aroer, that is on the edge of the ravine of Arnon and the city which is in the midst of the ravine and all the table-land by Medeba; Heshbon and all her cities which are on the table-land, - Dibon and Bamoth-baal, and Beth-baal-meon; read more. and Jahaz and Kedemoth and Maphaath; and Kiriathaim and Sibmah, and Zareth-shahar on the mount of the vale; and Beth-peor, and the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth-jeshimoth; and all the cities of the table-land, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, - whom Moses smote - with the princes of Midian, Evi and Rekem and Zur and Hur and Reba, dukes of Sihon dwelling in the land;
Now, unto the one half tribe of Manesseh, had Moses given a possession in Bashan, and, unto the other half, did Joshua give possession with their brethren, over the Jordan, westward, - moreover also, when Joshua sent them away unto their homes, he blessed them,
And the sons of Israel again did the thing that was wicked, in the sight of Yahweh, - and Yahweh emboldened Eglon, king of Moab, against Israel, because they did the thing that was wicked in the sight of Yahweh; and he gathered unto him, the sons of Ammon, and Amalek, - and came and smote Israel, and took possession of the city of palm-trees. read more. So the sons of Israel served Eglon king of Moab, eighteen years. And the sons of Israel made outcry unto Yahweh, and Yahweh raised up unto them a saviour, Ehud son of Gera, a Benjamite, a man left-handed, - and the sons of Israel sent, by his hand, a present, unto Eglon king of Moab. So Ehud made himself a sword which had two edges, a cubit in length, - and girded it under his raiment, upon his right thigh. So he offered the present unto Eglon, king of Moab, - now, Eglon, was an exceedingly fat man. And so it was, when he had made an end of offering the present, that he sent away the people who had been bearing the present; but, he himself, turned back from the images that were by Gilgal, and said, A secret word, have I, unto thee, O king! And he said - Silence! Thereupon went out from his presence all who had been standing near him. And, Ehud, came in unto him, he, having been sitting in a summer parlour, which he had for himself, alone, and Ehud said, A divine word, have I, unto thee. So he arose from off his seat. And Ehud put forth his left hand, and took the sword from off his right thigh, - and thrust it into his body; and, the handle also, went in after the blade, and the flesh closed upon the blade, for he withdrew not the sword out of his body, - and he came out into the ante-chamber. And, when Ehud came out into the porch, he closed the doors of the parlour upon him, and bolted them. When, he, had come out, his servants, went in, and looked, and lo! the doors of the parlour were bolted, - so they said, Surely he covereth his feet, in the summer chamber. But, though they tarried a long time, yet lo! he opened not the doors of the parlour, - so they took the key, and opened them , when lo! their lord, fallen to the ground dead. But, Ehud, escaped while they delayed, - yea, he, passed the images, and escaped into Seirah. And so it was, when he came, that he blew with a horn, throughout the hill country of Ephraim, - and the sons of Israel came down with him, out of the hill country, he, being before them. And he said unto them - Come down after me, for Yahweh hath delivered your enemies, the Moabites, into your hand. So they came down after him, and captured the fords of the Jordan, towards Moab, and suffered not a man to pass over. And they smote of Moab, at that time, about ten thousand men, every one a mighty man, and every one a man of valour, - and, there escaped not a man. And Moab was subdued on that day, under the hand of Israel. And the land had rest eighty years, and Ehud judged them until his death.
and said a unto him, Thus, saith Jephthah, - Israel took not away the land of Moab, or the land of the sons of Ammon;
Now, therefore, art thou, really better, than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab? Hath there been any, striving at all, with Israel, or any, fighting at all, with them,
And, Saul, took possession of the kingdom over Israel, - and made war round about against all his enemies - against Moab, and against the sons of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines, and, whomsoever he turned against, he was victorious.
And David departed thence, to Mizpah of Moab, - and said unto the king of Moab, I pray thee, let my father and my mother dwell with you, until that I know what God will do for me.
And it came to pass, after this, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them, - and David took the bridle of the metropolis, out of the hand of the Philistines. And he smote Moab, and measured them with the line casting, them down to the ground, and be measured with two lines to put to death, and with one full line to keep alive, - so the Moabites became David's, as servants, bringing gifts.
from Syria, and from Moab, and from the sons of Ammon, and from the Philistines, and from Amalek, - and from the spoil of Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
But, King Solomon, loved many foreign women, together with the daughter of Pharaoh, - women of the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Zidonians, Hittites:
Then, did Solomon build a high place for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, - and for Molech, the abomination of the sons of Ammon;
Now, Jehoram son of Ahab, began to reign over Israel, in Samaria, in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, - and he reigned twelve years.
So he took his firstborn son who was to have reigned in his stead, and offered him up as an ascending-sacrifice upon the wall. And so it came to pass that there was great indignation against Israel. And they brake up from against him, and returned to their own land.
And Elisha died, and they buried him, - now, troops of Moabites, used to enter the land, at the coming in of the year;
And Yahweh sent against him troops of Chaldeans, and troops of Syrians, and troops of Moabites, and troops of the sons of Ammon, yea he sent them against Judah, to destroy him, - according to the word of Yahweh, which he spake through his servants the prophets.
But it came to pass, when Sanballat and Tobiah and the Arabians and the Ammonites and the Ashdodites heard that the repair of the walls of Jerusalem had gone up, that the breaches began to be stopped, that it angered them exceedingly;
Yet they let themselves be bound to Baal-peor, - and did eat sacrifices to the dead:
Thus saith My Lord Yahweh: Because Moab and Seir say, Lo! like all the nations, is the house of Judah.
Thus, saith Yahweh, Because of three transgressions of Moab, and because of four, will I not turn it back, - Because he burned the bones of the King of Edom to lime, Therefore will I send a fire into Moab, which shall devour the palaces of Kerioth - and Moab, shall die with tumult, with war- cry, with the sound of a horn; read more. And I will cut off the judge out of her midst, and, all her rulers, will I slay with him, saith Yahweh.
I have heard the reproach of Moab, and the revilings of the sons of Ammon, - who have reproached my people, and have magnified themselves up to their bounds. Wherefore, as I live, declareth Yahweh of hosts, God of Israel, Surely, Moab, like Sodom, shall become, and, the sons of Ammon, like Gomorrah, a possession for the thorn, and a pit of salt, Yea a desolation, unto times age-abiding: The remnant of my people, shall make of them a prey, and, the residue of my nation, shall inherit them. read more. This, shall they have, instead of their pride, - because they reproached and magnified themselves against the people of Yahweh of hosts. Terrible will Yahweh be against them, for he hath caused to waste away all the gods of the earth, that men may bow down to him, every one from his place, all the coastlands of the nations: