Reference: Mourning Customs
Hastings
The Oriental expression of grief has a twofold relationship. Towards God it is marked by silent and reverent submission symbolized by placing the hand on the mouth. 'The Lord gave and the Lord hath taken away' (Job 1:21); 'I was dumb
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And they took their bones and buried them under a tree at Jabesh and fasted seven days.
And David lamented with this lamentation over Saul and over Jonathan his son. (He also bade them teach the sons of Judah the use of the bow. Behold, it is written in the book of righteousness.) read more. The glory of Israel is slain upon thy high places! How are the mighty fallen! Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you nor fields of offerings, for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil. Without the blood of the slain, without the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan never turned back, and the sword of Saul never returned empty. Saul and Jonathan were loved and desired in their lives, and in their death they were not divided; they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. Ye daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, who clothed you in scarlet, with other delights, who put ornaments of gold upon your apparel. How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! O Jonathan, thou wast slain in thine high places. I am distressed for thee, my brother Jonathan; very pleasant hast thou been unto me; thy love to me was wonderful, passing the love of women. How are the valiant fallen, and the weapons of war perished!
Then David said to Joab and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes and gird yourselves with sackcloth and mourn before Abner. And King David himself followed the bier.
And the king lamented over Abner and said, Abner died the death of a fool! Thy hands were not bound nor thy feet put into fetters. Thou didst fall as a man falls before wicked men. And all the people wept again over him.
Then David arose from the earth and washed and anointed himself and changed his clothes and came into the house of the LORD and worshipped. Then he came to his own house; and when he asked, they set bread before him, and he ate.
And he laid his carcase in his own grave, and they mourned over him, saying, Alas, my brother!
and said, Naked came I out of my mother's womb, and naked shall I return there. The LORD gave, and the LORD has taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD.
Now three friends of Job, Eliphaz, the Temanite, Bildad, the Shuhite, and Zophar, the Naamathite, when they heard of all this evil that had come upon him, each one came from his own place; for they had made an appointment together to come to mourn with him and to comfort him. And when they lifted up their eyes afar off and knew him not, they lifted up their voice and wept; and each one rent his mantle and sprinkled dust upon his head toward heaven. read more. So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and no one spoke a word unto him; for they saw that his grief was very great.
I was dumb, I opened not my mouth because thou didst it.
Upon their breasts they shall lament for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine.
Oh that my head were waters and my eyes a fountain of tears that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people!
Thus hath the LORD of the hosts said, Consider ye and call for the mourning women that they may come and send for cunning women that they may come, and let them make haste and take up a wailing for us that our eyes may run down with tears and our eyelids gush out with waters.
Therefore thus hath the LORD said concerning Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah; They shall not lament for him, saying, Ah my brother! and Ah sister! they shall not lament for him, saying, Ah lord! or, Ah his glory!
Ain For these things I weep; my eyes, my eyes stream with water because the comforter that gives rest unto my soul has left me; my sons are desolate because the enemy prevailed.
Pe My eyes stream with rivers of water for the destruction of the daughter of my people. Ain My eyes run down, and cease not, for there is no relief,
Then he brought me to the entrance of the door of the LORD's house which is toward the north; and, behold, there sat women weeping for Tammuz.
The suburbs shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots. And all that handle the oar, the rowers, and all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships; they shall stand upon the land read more. and shall cause their voice to be heard upon thee and shall cry bitterly and shall cast up dust upon their heads; they shall wallow themselves in the ashes. And they shall pull out their hair for thee and gird themselves with sackcloth, and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of soul and bitter wailings. And in their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for thee and lament over thee, saying, Who is like Tyre, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea? When thy wares went forth out of the seas, thou didst fill many peoples; thou didst enrich the kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy contracts. In the time when thou shalt be broken by the seas in the depths of the waters thy commerce and all thy company in the midst of thee shall fall. All the inhabitants of the isles shall be astonished at thee, and their kings shall be sore afraid; they shall be troubled in their countenance. The merchants among the peoples shall hiss at thee; thou shalt be a terror and never shalt be any more.
Therefore the LORD, the God of the hosts, the Lord, said this: Wailing shall be in all streets, and they shall say in all the highways, Alas! alas! and they shall call the husbandman to mourning and such as are skilful of lamentation to wailing.
Therefore I will wail and howl, I will go stripped and naked: I will make a wailing like the dragons and mourning as the owls.
Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance, for they disfigure their faces that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They already have their reward. But thou, when thou dost fast, anoint thine head, and wash thy face read more. that thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father who is in secret; and thy Father, who sees in secret, shall reward thee openly.
And they came to the house of the prince of the synagogue and saw the tumult and those that wept and wailed greatly.
Rejoice with those that rejoice and weep with those that weep.
Therefore comfort one another with these words.
For the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne shall govern them and shall lead them unto living fountains of waters, and God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes.