Reference: Perfumes
American
The use of perfumes was common among the Hebrews and the Orientals generally, before it was known to the Greeks and Romans. Moses also speaks of the art of the perfumer, in the English Bible "apothecary;" and gives the composition of two perfumes, of which one was to be offered to the Lord on the golden altar, Ex 30:34-38. And the other to be used for anointing the high priest and his sons, the tabernacle, and the vessels of divine service, Ex 30:23-33. The Hebrews had also perfumes for embalming their dead. The composition is note exactly known, but they used myrrh, aloes, and other strong and astringent drugs proper to prevent infection and corruption. See EMBALMING, and OINTMENT.
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Thou must take unto thee of the principal spices: of excellent myrrh five hundred shekels and of aromatic cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of aromatic calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, and of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive one hin; read more. and thou shalt make of it the oil of the holy anointing, a superior ointment, after the art of the apothecary, which shall be the oil of the holy anointing. And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the testimony with it and the ark of the testimony and the table and all its vessels and the lampstand and its vessels and the altar of incense and the altar of burnt offering with all its vessels and the laver and its base. Thus thou shalt consecrate them, and they shall be most holy; whatever touches them shall be sanctified. And thou shalt also anoint Aaron and his sons and sanctify them that they may be my priests. And thou shalt speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, This shall be my oil of the holy anointing throughout your ages. It shall not be poured upon man's flesh; neither shall ye make any other like it, after the composition of it; it is holy, and it shall be holy unto you. Whoever compounds any like it and puts any of it upon a stranger shall be cut off from his people. And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee aromas, stacte and onycha and aromatic galbanum and pure frankincense, of each in equal weight. And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy; and thou shalt beat some of it very small and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the testimony, where I will testify unto thee of myself. It shall be most holy unto you. And as for the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make to yourselves another according to the composition thereof: it shall be holiness unto thee for the LORD. Whoever shall make another like unto that to smell it shall be cut off from his people.
Easton
were used in religious worship, and for personal and domestic enjoyment (Ex 30:35-37; Pr 7:17; Song 3:6; Isa 57:9); and also in embalming the dead, and in other funeral ceremonies (Mr 14:8; Lu 24:1; Joh 19:39).
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And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy; and thou shalt beat some of it very small and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the testimony, where I will testify unto thee of myself. It shall be most holy unto you. read more. And as for the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make to yourselves another according to the composition thereof: it shall be holiness unto thee for the LORD.
I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.
Who is she that rises out of the wilderness like pillars of smoke, perfumed with myrrh and frankincense and with all the aromatic powders?
And thou didst go to the king with ointment and didst multiply thy perfumes, and didst send thy messengers far off, and didst debase thyself even unto Sheol.
She has done what she could, for she has anticipated anointing my body for the burial.
Now upon the first of the sabbaths, very early in the morning they came unto the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had prepared, and certain others with them.
Then Nicodemus came also, who at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about one hundred pounds.
Smith
Perfumes.
The free use of perfumes was peculiarly grateful to the Orientals,
whose olfactory nerves are more than usually sensitive to the offensive smells engendered by the heat of their climate. The Hebrews manufactured their perfumes chiefly from spices imported from Arabia though to a certain extent also from aromatic plants growing in their own country. Perfumes entered largely into the temple service, in the two forms of incense and ointment.
Nor were they less used in private life; not only were they applied to the person, but to garment,
and to articles of furniture, such as beds.
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The LORD spoke further unto Moses, saying, Thou must take unto thee of the principal spices: of excellent myrrh five hundred shekels and of aromatic cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of aromatic calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, read more. and of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive one hin; and thou shalt make of it the oil of the holy anointing, a superior ointment, after the art of the apothecary, which shall be the oil of the holy anointing. And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the testimony with it and the ark of the testimony and the table and all its vessels and the lampstand and its vessels and the altar of incense and the altar of burnt offering with all its vessels and the laver and its base. Thus thou shalt consecrate them, and they shall be most holy; whatever touches them shall be sanctified. And thou shalt also anoint Aaron and his sons and sanctify them that they may be my priests. And thou shalt speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, This shall be my oil of the holy anointing throughout your ages. It shall not be poured upon man's flesh; neither shall ye make any other like it, after the composition of it; it is holy, and it shall be holy unto you. Whoever compounds any like it and puts any of it upon a stranger shall be cut off from his people. And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee aromas, stacte and onycha and aromatic galbanum and pure frankincense, of each in equal weight. And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy; and thou shalt beat some of it very small and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the testimony, where I will testify unto thee of myself. It shall be most holy unto you. And as for the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make to yourselves another according to the composition thereof: it shall be holiness unto thee for the LORD. Whoever shall make another like unto that to smell it shall be cut off from his people.
All thy garments smell of myrrh and aloes and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, by which they have made thee glad.
I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.
Ointment and perfume rejoice the heart, so does the sweetness of a man's friend by hearty counsel.
Thy lips, O my spouse, drip as the honeycomb; honey and milk are under thy tongue, and the smell of thy garments is like the smell of Lebanon.