Reference: Pledge
American
The Jewish law protected the poor who were obliged to give security for a loan or the fulfillment of a contract. If a man pawned his rove, the usual covering of the cool nights, it must be returned on the same day, Ex 22:26-27. The creditor could not enter a house and take what he pleased; and the millstone being a necessary of life, could not be taken, De 24:6,10-11. Compare Job 22:6; 24:3,7. Idolaters sometimes disregarded these prohibitions, Am 2:6-8. See LOANS. Pledges are necessary from the vicious, who cannot be trusted, Pr 20:16.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
If you ever take your neighbor's garment in pledge, you shall give it back to him before the sun goes down; For that is his only covering, his clothing for his body. In what shall he sleep? When he cries to Me, I will hear, for I am gracious and merciful.
No man shall take a mill or an upper millstone in pledge, for he would be taking a life in pledge.
When you lend your brother anything, you shall not go into his house to get his pledge. You shall stand outside and the man to whom you lend shall bring the pledge out to you.
For you have taken pledges of your brother for nothing, and stripped the naked of their clothing.
They drive away the donkey of the fatherless; they take the widow's ox for a pledge.
They lie all night naked, without clothing, and have no covering in the cold.
[The judge tells the creditor] Take the garment of one who is security for a stranger; and hold him in pledge when he is security for foreigners.
Thus says the Lord: For three transgressions of Israel and for four [for multiplied delinquencies], I will not reverse the punishment of it or revoke My word concerning it, because they have sold the [strictly] just and uncompromisingly righteous for silver and the needy for a pair of sandals; They pant after [the sight of] the poor [reduced to such misery that they will be throwing] dust of the earth on their heads [in token of their grief]; they defraud and turn aside the humble [who are too meek to defend themselves]; and a man and his father will have sexual relations with the same maiden, so that My holy name is profaned. read more. And they lay themselves down beside every [pagan] altar upon clothes they have taken in pledge [for indebtedness], and in the house of their God [in daring contempt of Him] they frivolously drink the wine which has been exacted from those [unjustly] fined.
Easton
See Loan.
Hastings
The taking of a pledge for the re-payment of a loan was sanctioned by the Law, but a humanitarian provision was introduced to the effect that, when this pledge consisted of the large square outer garment or cioak called simlah, it must be returned before nightfali, since this garment often formed the only covering of the poor at night (Ex 22:26 f., De 24:12 f.; cf. Am 2:8; Job 22:6; 24:9; Eze 18:7,12,16; 33:15). It was forbidden also to take the mill or the upper millstone as a pledge (De 24:6). In Isa 36:8 the reference is to a pledge to be forfeited if a wager is lost (cf. Revised Version margin). In I S17:18 'take their pledge' probably means 'bring back a token of their welfare' (Driver).
See Verses Found in Dictionary
If you ever take your neighbor's garment in pledge, you shall give it back to him before the sun goes down;
No man shall take a mill or an upper millstone in pledge, for he would be taking a life in pledge.
For you have taken pledges of your brother for nothing, and stripped the naked of their clothing.
[The violent men whose wickedness seems unnoticed] pluck the fatherless infants from the breast [to sell or make them slaves], and take [the clothing on] the poor for a pledge,
Now therefore, I pray you, make a wager with my master the king of Assyria and give him pledges, and I will give you two thousand horses -- "if you are able on your part to put riders on them.
And has not wronged anyone but has restored to the debtor his pledge, has taken nothing by robbery but has given his bread to the hungry and has covered the naked with a garment,
Has wronged the poor and needy, has taken by robbery, has not restored [to the debtor] his pledge, has lifted up his eyes to the idols, has committed abomination (things hateful and exceedingly vile in the eyes of God),
Nor wronged anyone, nor has taken anything in pledge, nor has taken by robbery but has given his bread to the hungry and has covered the naked with a garment,
If the wicked restores [what he took in] pledge, gives back what he had taken in robbery, walks in the statutes of life [right relationship with God], without committing iniquity, he shall surely live; he shall not die.
And they lay themselves down beside every [pagan] altar upon clothes they have taken in pledge [for indebtedness], and in the house of their God [in daring contempt of Him] they frivolously drink the wine which has been exacted from those [unjustly] fined.
Morish
The taking of articles as security for loans, etc. was very early practised, and restrictions were given in the law that no unfair advantage should be taken thereby. Ex 22:26; De 24:10-17; Job 22:6; 24:3,9; Am 2:8. In 2Ki 18:23 and Isa 36:8 the sense is 'to make an engagement or treaty.'
See Verses Found in Dictionary
If you ever take your neighbor's garment in pledge, you shall give it back to him before the sun goes down;
When you lend your brother anything, you shall not go into his house to get his pledge. You shall stand outside and the man to whom you lend shall bring the pledge out to you. read more. And if the man is poor, you shall not keep his pledge overnight. You shall surely restore to him the pledge at sunset, that he may sleep in his garment and bless you; and it shall be credited to you as righteousness (rightness and justice) before the Lord your God. You shall not oppress or extort from a hired servant who is poor and needy, whether he is of your brethren or of your strangers and sojourners who are in your land inside your towns. You shall give him his hire on the day he earns it before the sun goes down, for he is poor, and sets his heart upon it; lest he cry against you to the Lord, and it be sin to you. The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers; only for his own sin shall anyone be put to death. You shall not pervert the justice due the stranger or the sojourner or the fatherless, or take a widow's garment in pledge.
So now, make a wager and give pledges to my lord the king of Assyria: I will deliver you 2,000 horses -- "if you can on your part put riders on them.
For you have taken pledges of your brother for nothing, and stripped the naked of their clothing.
They drive away the donkey of the fatherless; they take the widow's ox for a pledge.
[The violent men whose wickedness seems unnoticed] pluck the fatherless infants from the breast [to sell or make them slaves], and take [the clothing on] the poor for a pledge,
Now therefore, I pray you, make a wager with my master the king of Assyria and give him pledges, and I will give you two thousand horses -- "if you are able on your part to put riders on them.
And they lay themselves down beside every [pagan] altar upon clothes they have taken in pledge [for indebtedness], and in the house of their God [in daring contempt of Him] they frivolously drink the wine which has been exacted from those [unjustly] fined.
Smith
Pledge.
[LOAN]
See Loan