Reference: Chronology
Easton
is the arrangement of facts and events in the order of time. The writers of the Bible themselves do not adopt any standard era according to which they date events. Sometimes the years are reckoned, e.g., from the time of the Exodus (Nu 1:1; 33:38; 1Ki 6:1), and sometimes from the accession of kings (1Ki 15:1,9,25,33, etc.), and sometimes again from the return from Exile (Ezr 3:8).
Hence in constructing a system of Biblecal chronology, the plan has been adopted of reckoning the years from the ages of the patriarchs before the birth of their first-born sons for the period from the Creation to Abraham. After this period other data are to be taken into account in determining the relative sequence of events.
As to the patriarchal period, there are three principal systems of chronology: (1) that of the Hebrew text, (2) that of the Septuagint version, and (3) that of the Samaritan Pentateuch, as seen in the scheme on the opposite page.
The Samaritan and the Septuagint have considerably modified the Hebrew chronology. This modification some regard as having been wilfully made, and to be rejected. The same system of variations is observed in the chronology of the period between the Flood and Abraham. Thus:
| Hebrew Septuigant Samaritan
| From the birth of
| Arphaxad, 2 years
| after the Flood, to
| the birth of Terah. 220 1000 870
| From the birth of
| Terah to the birth
| of Abraham. 130 70 72
The Septuagint fixes on seventy years as the age of Terah at the birth of Abraham, from Ge 11:26; but a comparison of Ge 11:32; Ac 7:4 with Ge 12:4 shows that when Terah died, at the age of two hundred and five years, Abraham was seventy-five years, and hence Terah must have been one hundred and thirty years when Abraham was born. Thus, including the two years from the Flood to the birth of Arphaxad, the period from the Flood to the birth of Abraham was three hundred and fifty-two years.
The next period is from the birth of Abraham to the Exodus. This, according to the Hebrew, extends to five hundred and five years. The difficulty here is as to the four hundred and thirty years mentioned Ex 12:40-41; Ga 3:17. These years are regarded by some as dating from the covenant with Abraham (Ge 15), which was entered into soon after his sojourn in Egypt; others, with more probability, reckon these years from Jacob's going down into Egypt. (See Exodus.)
In modern times the systems of Biblical chronology that have been adopted are chiefly those of Ussher and Hales. The former follows the Hebrew, and the latter the Septuagint mainly. Archbishop Ussher's (died 1656) system is called the short chronology. It is that given on the margin of the Authorized Version, but is really of no authority, and is quite uncertain.
| Ussher Hales
| B.C. B.C.
| Creation 4004 5411
| Flood 2348 3155
| Abram leaves Haran 1921 2078
| Exodus 1491 1648
| Destruction of the
| Temple 588 586
To show at a glance the different ideas of the date of the creation, it may be interesting to note the following: From Creation to 1894.
According to Ussher, 5,898; Hales, 7,305; Zunz (Hebrew reckoning), 5,882; Septuagint (Perowne), 7,305; Rabbinical, 5,654; Panodorus, 7,387; Anianus, 7,395; Constantinopolitan, 7,403; Eusebius, 7,093; Scaliger, 5,844; Dionysius (from whom we take our Christian era), 7,388; Maximus, 7,395; Syncellus and Theophanes, 7,395; Julius Africanus, 7,395; Jackson, 7,320.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And the days of Haran shall be five years and two hundred years; and Terah shall die in Haran.
And Abram went according to which Jehovah spake to him, and Lot went with him: and Abram the son of . five years and seventy years in his coming out of Haran.
And the dwelling of the sons of Israel which they dwelt in Egypt, was thirty years and four hundred years. And it will be from the end of thirty years and four hundred years, in this self-same day all the armies of Jehovah will go forth out of the land of Egypt
And Jehovah will speak to Moses in the desert of Sinai, in the tent of appointment, in one of the second month, in the second year of their coming out of the land of Egypt, saying,
And Aaron the priest will go up to mount Hor by the mouth of Jehovah, and will die there in the fortieth year to the coming out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt., in the fifth month, in one to the month.
And in the eighteenth year to Jeroboam son of Nebat, Abijam reigned over Judah.
And in the twentieth year to Jeroboam king of Israel, Asa reigned over Judah.
And Nadab son of Jeroboam reigned over Israel in the second year to Asa king of Judah; and he will reign over Israel two years.
In the third year to Asa king of Judah, reigned Baasha son of Ahijah, over all Israel in Tirzah twenty and four years.
And in the second year to their coming to the house of God at Jerusalem, in the second month, began Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, and Joshua son of Josedek, and the remainder of their brethren the priests, and the Levites, and all those coming from the captivity to Jerusalem; and they will cause the Levites to stand up, from the son of twenty years and above, to superintend over the works of the house of Jehovah.
Then having come out of the land of the Chaldeans, he dwelt in Charran: and thence, after his father died, he transplanted him into this land, in which ye now dwell.
And I say this, the covenant confirmed before by God in Christ, the law, having been after four hundred and thirty years, does not annul, to neglect the promise.
Fausets
There are three principal systems, the Long, the Short, and the Rabbinical The nature of the evidence hardly admits of certainty as to all details. The dates of the flood, etc., are thus differently given in the Septuagint, the Hebrew, and the Samaritan Pentateuch:
Septuagint
Hebrew
Samaritan
Flood after Creation
2262
1656
1307
Peleg's birth
401
101
401
Abram's departure from Haran
616
266
616
3279
2023
2324
Hales takes the long system mainly from the Septuagint account of the patriarchal generations. He rightly rejects the number 480 years assigned in 1Ki 6:1 as having elapsed from the Exodus to the foundation of the temple in the fourth year of Solomon's reign. It must be an ancient error of transcribers, because 40 years elapsed from the Exodus to the death of Moses, Joshua was for more than seven years Israel's leader in Canaan, Israel's servitude and the rule of the judges to Eli's death occupied 430 years, thence to Saul's accession was more than 20 years, Saul's reign was 40 years, David's reign was 40 years, Solomon's reign, before the temple's foundation, was 3 years; i.e. 580 years in all: besides the unknown intervals between Joshua's leadership of seven years and his death; and again between his death and the first servitude; also the unknown period, above 20 years, between Eli's death and Saul's accession.
These unknown times are approximately estimated at 6 years, 32 years, and 20 years respectively, i.e. 58 years in all; which, added to the 580 years, will give 638 years. The Old Testament never dates events from an era, which makes 1Ki 6:1 suspicious. Origen, Commentary (Joh 2:20), quotes 1Ki 6:1 without the words "in the 480th year." See also Jg 11:26. But (See EGYPT below as to Thothmes III and the inscription favoring 1Ki 6:1. Ussher is the representative of the short system, following the Hebrew in the patriarchal generations, and taking the 480 years as given in 1Ki 6:1 between the Exodus and the foundation of the temple. The rabbinical system is partly accepted in Germany; it takes the Biblical numbers, but makes arbitrary corrections:
Hales
Ussher
Creation
5411
4004
Flood
3155
2348
Abram leaving Haran
2078
1921
Exodus
1648
1491
Foundation of the temple
1027
1012
Destruction of the temple
586
588
The differences between the Hebrew and the Septuagint consist in the periods assigned by them respectively to the patriarchs before and after the births of their oldest sons. Thus, Adam lives 130 years before the birth of his oldest son in Hebrew, but 230 years in the Septuagint; Seth is 105 in the Hebrew text, but 205 years in the Septuagint, etc. After the births of their oldest sons, Adam, 800; Seth, 807 in Hebrew, but 700 and 707 in the Septuagint; thus, the totals come to the same, Adam (930), Seth (912), in both Hebrew and Septuagint Similarly, in the case of Enos, Cainan, Mahalaleel. This proves that the change, whether by shortening (if the Septuagint is the true reading, or by lengthening if the Hebrew is the true reading) is NOT accidental but was made on system. The Septuagint and Lu 3:36-37 have a second Cainan, who is omitted in the Hebrew Bible; Philo and Josephus also know nothing of him.
In genealogies (e.g. Mt 1:8) names are often passed over, a man being called "the son of" a remote ancestor, his father and grandfather and great grandfather being omitted; as Joram is followed by Ozias, Ahaziah, Joash, and Amaziah being omitted. For some divine purpose connected with the mystical sense of numbers the generations are condensed into fourteen (the double of the sacred seven) in each of the three periods, from Abraham to David, from David to the captivity, and thence to Christ. Compare Ezr 7:1-5; 1Ch 26:24. So Jehu is "son of Nimshi," also "of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi" (2Ki 9:2,14,20; 1Ki 19:16). Again, the length of generations varies: Abraham, at a time when life was so much longer than now, implies a generation was about 100 years (Ge 15:16, compare Ge 15:13), "the fourth generation" answering to "four hundred years."
The Hebrew text was preserved with much more scrupulous care than the Septuagint on the other hand, the civilization and history of Egypt, Babylonia, and Assyria reach further back than accords with the Hebrew, and so favor the Septuagint. "The sojourning of Israel who dwelt in Egypt was 430 years" (Ex 12:40-41). Paul, in Ga 3:16-17, dates this period from God's promise to Abraham. In Ge 15:13-14, compare Ac 7:6-7; "thy seed shall be a stranger in a land not theirs ... and they shall afflict them 400 years"; by putting the comma after "afflict them," the "400 years" refers to the whole time of their being "a stranger in a land not theirs," compare Heb 11:9. It would not be literally true that the Israelites were afflicted for the whole 400 years by the Egyptians, even if the 400 be applied to the sojourn in Egypt alone. Therefore, there is no greater strain put on the words by supposing the 400 includes the sojourn in Canaan.
Abraham probably means (Ge 15:16), "in the fourth generation they (i.e. some of the fourth generation, allowing 100 years for each generation) shall come hither again." There were more than four generations in fact; thus, in Ru 4:18, etc., 1Ch 2:5-6, there are six generations from Judah to Nahshon, the tribe prince in Moses' time; nine generations from Joseph to Joshua (1Ch 7:20, etc.). Abram was 75 years old upon leaving Haran; 100 at Isaac's birth; Isaac was 60 at Jacob's birth; and Jacob was 130 years old upon entering Egypt - in all 215 years. Again, Joseph was about 45 years old upon entering Egypt, 92 occupied the rest of his life; then followed, after all Joseph's brethren and that generation were dead (Ex 1:6, etc.), the oppression; Moses was 80 years old at the Exodus.
Thus, there will be 172 years, besides the interval between Joseph's generation dying and the oppression, and between the beginning of the oppression and the birth of Moses; which may be reasonably set down as 215 in all; which, added to the 215 in Canaan, will yield the 430 years. The increase from 70 years, at Jacob's going down to Egypt, to 600,000 at the Exodus is accountable when we remember the special fruitfulness promised by God. There were at the eisodus 51 pairs at least bearing children, for there were 67 men, namely, Jacob's 12 sons, 51 grandsons, and four great grandsons, besides one daughter and one granddaughter (Ge 46:8-27). These 51 must have taken foreign wives. Then, besides, polygamy prevailed. All these causes together fully account for the great increase in 215 years.
Another note of time is furnished by Paul (Ac 13:19-21): "after that (the division of Canaan) He; gave judges about the space of 450 years until Samuel"; or rather, as the three oldest manuscripts - the Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, and Alexandrinus manuscripts, "He distributed their land to them for an inheritance, about 450 years. And after that He gave unto them judges until Samuel." The dative in the Greek text marks, not duration of time, as KJV, but a point of time. The point of time backward to which the 450 refers is implied in Ac 13:19, "when He had destroyed seven nations"; i.e., about 450 or 462 elapse between God's promise to drive out those nations in 400 years from that time (Ge 15:13-21), and God's commencing the fulfillment of it under Joshua; the former date is about 1913, the latter 1451 (Joshua 1).
Jephthah makes 300 years elapse between his time and Joshua's division of Canaan (Jg 11:26). Theophilus of Antioch (Autol. 3:22) states that the Tyrian archives of Hiram, David's contemporary, prove that the building of the temple took place 566 years after the Exodus from Egypt. The whole period between the foundation and the destruction of the temple is about 425 years; that of the undivided kingdom 120, that of Judah 388, that of Israel 255. The Median, Hebrew, Babylonian, and Assyrian chronicles, according to J. W. Bosanquet, coincide in making Nebuchadnezzar's reign begin 581 B.C. He makes Jotham's 16 years' reign begin in 734 B.C.; Ahaz' 16 years begin at 718; Hezekiah's 29 begin at 702; Manasseh's 55 begin at 673; Amon's two begin at 618; Josiah's 31 begin at 616; Jehoiakim's 11 be
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Terah will live seventy years and will beget Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And these the generations of Terah: Terah begetting Abram, Nahor, and Haran: and Haran begetting Lot
And these the generations of Terah: Terah begetting Abram, Nahor, and Haran: and Haran begetting Lot And Haran will die at the face of Terah his father in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldees.
And Haran will die at the face of Terah his father in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldees. And Abram and Nahor will take to them wives, the name of Abram's wife Sarai; and the name of Nahor's wife, Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah.
And Abram and Nahor will take to them wives, the name of Abram's wife Sarai; and the name of Nahor's wife, Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah.
And the days of Haran shall be five years and two hundred years; and Terah shall die in Haran.
And the days of Haran shall be five years and two hundred years; and Terah shall die in Haran.
And Abram went according to which Jehovah spake to him, and Lot went with him: and Abram the son of . five years and seventy years in his coming out of Haran.
And Abram went according to which Jehovah spake to him, and Lot went with him: and Abram the son of . five years and seventy years in his coming out of Haran.
And he will say to Abram, Knowing thou shalt know that thy seed shall be a sojourner in the land not to them; and they shall serve them and they shall humble them four hundred years.
And he will say to Abram, Knowing thou shalt know that thy seed shall be a sojourner in the land not to them; and they shall serve them and they shall humble them four hundred years.
And he will say to Abram, Knowing thou shalt know that thy seed shall be a sojourner in the land not to them; and they shall serve them and they shall humble them four hundred years.
And he will say to Abram, Knowing thou shalt know that thy seed shall be a sojourner in the land not to them; and they shall serve them and they shall humble them four hundred years.
And he will say to Abram, Knowing thou shalt know that thy seed shall be a sojourner in the land not to them; and they shall serve them and they shall humble them four hundred years.
And he will say to Abram, Knowing thou shalt know that thy seed shall be a sojourner in the land not to them; and they shall serve them and they shall humble them four hundred years. And also the nation whom they shall serve, I will judge, and after this they shall come forth with great substance.
And also the nation whom they shall serve, I will judge, and after this they shall come forth with great substance.
And also the nation whom they shall serve, I will judge, and after this they shall come forth with great substance.
And also the nation whom they shall serve, I will judge, and after this they shall come forth with great substance. And thou shalt go to thy fathers in tranquillity; thou shalt be buried in a good old age.
And thou shalt go to thy fathers in tranquillity; thou shalt be buried in a good old age. And the fourth generation they shall turn back hither: for the crime of the Amorite has not been completed till now.
And the fourth generation they shall turn back hither: for the crime of the Amorite has not been completed till now.
And the fourth generation they shall turn back hither: for the crime of the Amorite has not been completed till now.
And the fourth generation they shall turn back hither: for the crime of the Amorite has not been completed till now.
And the fourth generation they shall turn back hither: for the crime of the Amorite has not been completed till now.
And the fourth generation they shall turn back hither: for the crime of the Amorite has not been completed till now. And the sun shall be going down, and it was thick darkness, and behold a furnace of smoke and a lamp of fire that passed over between these pieces.
And the sun shall be going down, and it was thick darkness, and behold a furnace of smoke and a lamp of fire that passed over between these pieces. In that day Jehovah cut out a covenant with Abram, saying, To thy seed gave I this land from the river of Egypt, to the great river, the river Euphrates:
In that day Jehovah cut out a covenant with Abram, saying, To thy seed gave I this land from the river of Egypt, to the great river, the river Euphrates: The Kenites and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites;
The Kenites and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites; The Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims;
The Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims; And the Amorites and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.
And Abraham will fall upon his face and laugh, and will say in his heart, Shall there be born to the son of a hundred years? and shall Sarah the daughter of ninety years, bring forth?
And Abraham will fall upon his face and laugh, and will say in his heart, Shall there be born to the son of a hundred years? and shall Sarah the daughter of ninety years, bring forth?
And truly also my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother: and she was to me for wife.
And truly also my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother: and she was to me for wife.
And these the names of the sons of Israel having come to Egypt. Jacob and his sons: the first born of Jacob, Reuben.
And these the names of the sons of Israel having come to Egypt. Jacob and his sons: the first born of Jacob, Reuben. And the sons of Reuben: Hanoch and Phallu and Hezron and Carmi.
And the sons of Reuben: Hanoch and Phallu and Hezron and Carmi. And the sons of Simeon: Jemuel and Jamin and Ohad and Jachin, and Zohar and Saul, son of the Canaanitess.
And the sons of Simeon: Jemuel and Jamin and Ohad and Jachin, and Zohar and Saul, son of the Canaanitess. And the sons of Levi: Gershon and Kohath. and Merari.
And the sons of Levi: Gershon and Kohath. and Merari. And the sons of Judah: Er and Onan and Shelah and Pharez and Zarah; and Er will die, and Onan in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Pharez will be Hezron and Hamu.
And the sons of Judah: Er and Onan and Shelah and Pharez and Zarah; and Er will die, and Onan in the land of Canaan. And the sons of Pharez will be Hezron and Hamu. And the sons of Issachar: Tola and Phuvah, and Job and Shimron.
And the sons of Issachar: Tola and Phuvah, and Job and Shimron. And the sons of Zebulon, Sered and Elon and Jahleel.
And the sons of Zebulon, Sered and Elon and Jahleel. These the sons of Leah, which she bare to Jacob in Padan-Aram, and Dinah his daughter; all the souls of his sons and his daughters thirty and three.
These the sons of Leah, which she bare to Jacob in Padan-Aram, and Dinah his daughter; all the souls of his sons and his daughters thirty and three. And the sons of Gad: Ziphion and Haggi, Shumi and Ezbon, Eri and Arodi and Areli.
And the sons of Gad: Ziphion and Haggi, Shumi and Ezbon, Eri and Arodi and Areli. And the sons of Asher: Jimnath and Ishuah and Isui and Beriah, and Sarah their sister. And the sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel.
And the sons of Asher: Jimnath and Ishuah and Isui and Beriah, and Sarah their sister. And the sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel. These the sons of Zilpah whom Laban gave to Leah Iris daughter. And she will bear these to Jacob, sixteen souls.
These the sons of Zilpah whom Laban gave to Leah Iris daughter. And she will bear these to Jacob, sixteen souls. The sons of Rachel, Jacob's wife: Joseph and Benjamin.
The sons of Rachel, Jacob's wife: Joseph and Benjamin. And to Joseph will be born in the land of Egypt, whom Asenath will bear to him, the daughter of Poti-Phera, priest of Ain: Manasseh and Ephraim.
And to Joseph will be born in the land of Egypt, whom Asenath will bear to him, the daughter of Poti-Phera, priest of Ain: Manasseh and Ephraim. And the sons of Benjamin: Bela and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera and Naaman, Ehi and Rosh, Muppim and Huppim and Ard.
And the sons of Benjamin: Bela and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera and Naaman, Ehi and Rosh, Muppim and Huppim and Ard. These the sons of Rachel which she bare to Jacob; all the souls fourteen.
These the sons of Rachel which she bare to Jacob; all the souls fourteen. And the sons of Dan: Hushim.
And the sons of Dan: Hushim. And the sons of Naphtali Jahzeel, and Guni and Jezer and Shillem.
And the sons of Naphtali Jahzeel, and Guni and Jezer and Shillem. These the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter, and she will bear these to Jacob; all the souls seven.
These the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter, and she will bear these to Jacob; all the souls seven. All the souls going with Jacob to Egypt, coming forth from his thigh, besides Jacob's sons' wives, all the souls, sixty and six.
All the souls going with Jacob to Egypt, coming forth from his thigh, besides Jacob's sons' wives, all the souls, sixty and six. And the sons of Joseph which were born to him in Egypt, two souls: to the house of Jacob coming to Egypt, seventy.
And the sons of Joseph which were born to him in Egypt, two souls: to the house of Jacob coming to Egypt, seventy.
And the dwelling of the sons of Israel which they dwelt in Egypt, was thirty years and four hundred years.
And the dwelling of the sons of Israel which they dwelt in Egypt, was thirty years and four hundred years. And it will be from the end of thirty years and four hundred years, in this self-same day all the armies of Jehovah will go forth out of the land of Egypt
And it will be from the end of thirty years and four hundred years, in this self-same day all the armies of Jehovah will go forth out of the land of Egypt
In Israel's dwelling in Heshbon and her daughters and in Aroer and her daughters, and in all the cities which are upon the hands of Arnon, three hundred years? and why took ye not them away in that time?
In Israel's dwelling in Heshbon and her daughters and in Aroer and her daughters, and in all the cities which are upon the hands of Arnon, three hundred years? and why took ye not them away in that time?
In Israel's dwelling in Heshbon and her daughters and in Aroer and her daughters, and in all the cities which are upon the hands of Arnon, three hundred years? and why took ye not them away in that time?
In Israel's dwelling in Heshbon and her daughters and in Aroer and her daughters, and in all the cities which are upon the hands of Arnon, three hundred years? and why took ye not them away in that time?
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And go there and see there Jehuson of Jehoshaphat, son of Nimshi, and go and cause him to rise from the midst of his brethren, and bring him to a chamber in a chamber;
And go there and see there Jehuson of Jehoshaphat, son of Nimshi, and go and cause him to rise from the midst of his brethren, and bring him to a chamber in a chamber;
And Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi will conspire against Joram. (And Joram watched in Ramoth-Gilead, he and all Israel, from the face of Hazael king of Aram.
And Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi will conspire against Joram. (And Joram watched in Ramoth-Gilead, he and all Israel, from the face of Hazael king of Aram.
And he watching will announce, saying, He came even to them and turned not back: and the driving as the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi, for he will drive in madness.
And he watching will announce, saying, He came even to them and turned not back: and the driving as the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi, for he will drive in madness.
The sons of Pharez: Hezron and Hamul. And the sons of Zerah: Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara: all of them, five.
And the sons of Zerah: Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, and Calcol, and Dara: all of them, five.
And the sons of Ephraim: Shutheleth, and Bered his son, and Tahath his son, and Eladah his son, and Tahath his son,
And the sons of Ephraim: Shutheleth, and Bered his son, and Tahath his son, and Eladah his son, and Tahath his son,
And after these words in the kingdom of Arthasatha king of Persia, Ezra son of Seraiah, son of Azariah, son of Hilkiah,
And after these words in the kingdom of Arthasatha king of Persia, Ezra son of Seraiah, son of Azariah, son of Hilkiah, Son of Shallum, son of Zadok, son of Ahitub,
Son of Shallum, son of Zadok, son of Ahitub, Son of Amariah, son of Azariah, son of Meraioth,
Son of Amariah, son of Azariah, son of Meraioth, Son of Zerahiah, son of Uzzi, son of Bukki,
Son of Zerahiah, son of Uzzi, son of Bukki, Son of Abishua, son of Phinehas, son of Eleazar, son of Aaron the head priest:
Son of Abishua, son of Phinehas, son of Eleazar, son of Aaron the head priest:
And all the kings of the North, being near and being far off, a man to his brother, and all the kingdoms of the land which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.
And all the kings of the North, being near and being far off, a man to his brother, and all the kingdoms of the land which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.
For thus said Jehovah, That according to the filling up to Babel of seventy years I will review you and lift up to you my good word to turn you back to this place.
For thus said Jehovah, That according to the filling up to Babel of seventy years I will review you and lift up to you my good word to turn you back to this place.
For thus said Jehovah, That according to the filling up to Babel of seventy years I will review you and lift up to you my good word to turn you back to this place.
For thus said Jehovah, That according to the filling up to Babel of seventy years I will review you and lift up to you my good word to turn you back to this place.
In one year to the kingdom, I Daniel understood by books the number of years which the word of Jehovah was to Jeremiah the prophet, to fill up for the desolations of Jerusalem seventy years.
In one year to the kingdom, I Daniel understood by books the number of years which the word of Jehovah was to Jeremiah the prophet, to fill up for the desolations of Jerusalem seventy years.
And I shall hear the man clothed with linen garments, who was above to the waters of the river, and he will lift up his right hand and his left to the heavens, and swear by him living forever, that for an appointment of appointments and a half; in the scattering of the hand of the holy people being finished, all these shall be finished.
And I shall hear the man clothed with linen garments, who was above to the waters of the river, and he will lift up his right hand and his left to the heavens, and swear by him living forever, that for an appointment of appointments and a half; in the scattering of the hand of the holy people being finished, all these shall be finished.
Of Cainan, of Arphaxad, of Sem, of Noe, of Lamech, Of Mathusala, of Enoch, of Jared, of Maleleel, of Cainan,
Then said the Jews, In forty-six years was this temple built, and wilt thou raise it up in three days?
Then said the Jews, In forty-six years was this temple built, and wilt thou raise it up in three days?
Then having come out of the land of the Chaldeans, he dwelt in Charran: and thence, after his father died, he transplanted him into this land, in which ye now dwell.
Then having come out of the land of the Chaldeans, he dwelt in Charran: and thence, after his father died, he transplanted him into this land, in which ye now dwell.
And God spake thus, That his seed shall be dwelling in a strange land; and it shall subjugate them, and inflict evil four hundred years.
And God spake thus, That his seed shall be dwelling in a strange land; and it shall subjugate them, and inflict evil four hundred years. And the nation which they serve will I judge, said God: and after these shall they go out, and shall serve me in this place.
And the nation which they serve will I judge, said God: and after these shall they go out, and shall serve me in this place.
And having destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he gave them to inherit this land by lot.
And having destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he gave them to inherit this land by lot.
And having destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he gave them to inherit this land by lot.
And having destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he gave them to inherit this land by lot. And after these, about four hundred and fifty years he gave judges, even to Samuel the prophet.
And after these, about four hundred and fifty years he gave judges, even to Samuel the prophet.
And after these, about four hundred and fifty years he gave judges, even to Samuel the prophet.
And after these, about four hundred and fifty years he gave judges, even to Samuel the prophet. And thence they desired a king; and God gave them Saul, son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, forty years.
And thence they desired a king; and God gave them Saul, son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, forty years.
And to Abraham were the promises spoken, and to his seed. He says not, And to seeds, as to many; but as to one: And to thy seed, who is Christ.
And to Abraham were the promises spoken, and to his seed. He says not, And to seeds, as to many; but as to one: And to thy seed, who is Christ. And I say this, the covenant confirmed before by God in Christ, the law, having been after four hundred and thirty years, does not annul, to neglect the promise.
And I say this, the covenant confirmed before by God in Christ, the law, having been after four hundred and thirty years, does not annul, to neglect the promise.
By faith he dwelt in the land of promise, as a strange land, having dwelt in tents with Isaac and Jacob, co-heirs of the same promise:
By faith he dwelt in the land of promise, as a strange land, having dwelt in tents with Isaac and Jacob, co-heirs of the same promise:
Morish
There are more links of time mentioned in scripture than is generally supposed, forming together an approximate chronology. There is however one great difficulty in the variations of the Hebrew text from the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Septuagint. It is found that there must have been a systematic alteration somewhere, and if the Hebrew text is correct, a period of 100 years has been added to the lives of several, both before the Flood and after it.
The above figures form the basis of what is called the 'long chronology' from the LXX, and the 'short chronology' from the Hebrew. It will be seen that there are about 1400 years difference from the birth of Seth to the Call of Abraham. It is difficult to see why the Hebrew text should be abandoned; and if it were, what superior claim would the LXX have over the Samaritan Pentateuch?
A summary of the several periods is added, with a few notes and references to the scriptures.
YEARS.
From Adam to the Flood
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And the days of Haran shall be five years and two hundred years; and Terah shall die in Haran.
And Abram went according to which Jehovah spake to him, and Lot went with him: and Abram the son of . five years and seventy years in his coming out of Haran.
And the fourth generation they shall turn back hither: for the crime of the Amorite has not been completed till now.
And the dwelling of the sons of Israel which they dwelt in Egypt, was thirty years and four hundred years.
And the dwelling of the sons of Israel which they dwelt in Egypt, was thirty years and four hundred years.
And the wrath of Jehovah will kindle against Israel, and he will sell them into the hand of Philisteim, and into the hand of the sons of Ammon. And they will oppress and break down the sons of Israel in that year, eighteenyears, all the sons of Israel that are beyond Jordan in the land of the Amorite which is in Gilead.
And it will be in the eightieth year and four hundredth year after the going out of the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of brightness, it the second month to king Solomon over Israel, and he will build the house to Jehovah.
And the days which Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel were forty years.
In one year to Cyrus the king of Persia, to complete the word of Jehovah from the month of Jeremiah, Jehovah roused up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, and he will cause a voice to pass through in all his kingdom, and also in writing, saying,
And these the sons of the province coming up from the captivity of the exiles which Nebuchadnezzar carried into exile to Babel; and they will turn back to Jerusalem and Judah, a man to his city;
All this land was for a waste, for a desolation, and these nations served the king of Babel seventy years.
All this land was for a waste, for a desolation, and these nations served the king of Babel seventy years. And it was when seventy years were filled up, I will review over the king of Babel and upon this nation, says Jehovah, their iniquity, and upon the land of the Chaldeans, and I set it for eternal desolations
And it was when seventy years were filled up, I will review over the king of Babel and upon this nation, says Jehovah, their iniquity, and upon the land of the Chaldeans, and I set it for eternal desolations
For thus said Jehovah, That according to the filling up to Babel of seventy years I will review you and lift up to you my good word to turn you back to this place.
And lie thou upon thy left side, and put the iniquity of the house of Israel upon it: the number of days which thou shalt lie upon it thou shalt lift up their iniquity. And I gave to thee the years of their iniquity according to the number of days, three hundred and ninety days: and thou didst bear the iniquity of the house of Israel. read more. And finishing these, and thou didst lie upon thy right side the second time, and thou didst bear the iniquity of the house of Judah forty days: a day for a year, a day for a year I gave it to thee,
In one year to Darius son of Ahasuerus, from the seed of Media who reigned over the kingdom of the Chaldeans.
Then having come out of the land of the Chaldeans, he dwelt in Charran: and thence, after his father died, he transplanted him into this land, in which ye now dwell.
And having destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he gave them to inherit this land by lot. And after these, about four hundred and fifty years he gave judges, even to Samuel the prophet.
And I say this, the covenant confirmed before by God in Christ, the law, having been after four hundred and thirty years, does not annul, to neglect the promise.
And I say this, the covenant confirmed before by God in Christ, the law, having been after four hundred and thirty years, does not annul, to neglect the promise.
Smith
Chronology.
By this term we understand the technical and historical chronology of the Jews and their ancestors from the earliest time to the close of the New Testament Canon.
1. TECHNICAL CHRONOLOGY.--The technical part of Hebrew chronology presents great difficulties.
2. HISTORICAL CHRONOLOGY.--The historical part of Hebrew chronology is not less difficult than the technical. The information in the Bible is indeed direct rather than inferential although there is very important evidence of the latter kind, but the present state of the numbers make absolute certainty in many cases impossible. Three principal systems of biblical chronology have been founded, which may be termed (the Long System, the short, and the Rabbinical. There is a fourth, which although an off shoot in part of the last, can scarcely be termed biblical, in as much as it depends for the most part upon theories, not only independent of but repugnant to the Bible: this last is at present peculiar to Baron Bunsen. The principal advocates of the Long chronology are Jackson. Hales and Des-Vignoles. Of the Short chronology Ussher may be considered as the most able advocate The Rabbinical chronology accept the biblical numbers, but makes the most arbitrary corrections. For the date of the Exodus it has been virtually accepted by Bunsen, Lepsius and Lord A. Hervey. The numbers given by the LXX. for the antediluvian patriarchs would place the creation of Adam 2262 years before the end of the flood or B.C. cir. 5361 or 5421.