Reference: Corn
American
In the Bible, is the general word for grain of all kinds, including various seeds, peas, and beans. It never means, as in America, simply maize, or Indian corn. Palestine was anciently very fertile in grain, which furnished in a great measure the support of the inhabitants. "Corn, wine, and oil-olive" were the staple products, and wheat and barley still grow there luxuriantly, when cultivated. Wheat was often eaten in the field, the ripe ear being simply rubbed in the hands to separate the kernels, De 23:25; Mt 12:1. Parched wheat was a part of the ordinary food of the Israelites, as it still is of the Arabs, Ru 2:14; 2Sa 17:28-29; by the feet of cattle, De 25:4; or by "a sharp threshing instrument having teeth," Isa 41:15, which was something resembling a cart, drawn over the corn by means of horses or oxen. See THRESHING. When the grain was threshed, it was separated from the chaff and dust by throwing it forward across the wind, by means of a winnowing fan, or shovel, Mt 3:12; after which the grain was sifted, to separate all impurities from it, Am 9:9; Lu 22:31. Hence we see that the threshing-floors were in the open air, and if possible on high ground, as travellers still find them in actual use, Jg 6:11; 2Sa 24:18. The grain thus obtained was sometimes pounded in a mortar, Nu 11:8; Re 18:22, but was commonly reduced to meal by the hand-mill. This consisted of a lower millstone, the upper side of which was slightly concave, and an upper millstone, the lower surface of which was convex. These stones were each about two feet in diameter, and half a foot thick; and were called "the nether millstone," and the rider, Job 41:24; Jg 9:53; 2Sa 11:21. The hole for receiving the corn was in the center of the upper millstone; and in the operation of grinding, the lower was fixed, and the upper made to move round upon it with considerable velocity by means of a handle. The meal came out at the edges, and was received on a cloth spread under the mill on the ground. Each family possessed a mill, and the law forbade its being taken in pledge, De 24:6; one among innumerable examples of the humanity of the Mosaic legislation. These mills are still in use in the East, and in some parts of Scotland. Dr. E.D. Clarke says, "In the island of Cyprus I observed upon the ground the sort of stones used for grinding corn, called querns in Scotland, common also in Lapland, and in all parts of Palestine. These are the primeval mills of the world; and they are still found in all corn countries where rude and ancient customs have not been liable to those changes introduced by refinement. The employment of grinding with these mills is confined solely to females, who sit on the ground with the mill before them, and thus may be said to be "behind the mill," Ex 11:5; and the practice illustrates the prophetic observation of our Savior concerning the day of Jerusalem's destruction: "Two women shall be grinding at the mill; one shall be taken and the other left," Mt 24:41. To this feminine occupation Samson was degraded, Jg 16:21. The women always accompany the grating noise of the stones with their voices; and when ten or a dozen are thus employed, the fury of the song rises to a high pitch. As the grinding was usually performed in the morning at daybreak, the noise of the females at the hand-mill was heard all over the city, and often awoke their more indolent masters. The Scriptures mention the want of this noise as a mark of desolation, Jer 25:10; Re 18:22.
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and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die: even from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth on his seat, unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is in the mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle.
And the people went about and gathered it, and ground it in mills, or beat it in mortars and boke it in pans and made cakes of it. And the taste of it was like unto the taste of an oilcake.
When thou goest into thy neighbour's corn, thou mayest pluck the ears with thine hand, but thou mayest not move a sickle unto thy neighbour's corn.
No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge, for then he taketh a man's life to pledge.
Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn.
And the Angel of the LORD came and sat under an oak in Ophrah, that pertained unto Joash the father of the Abiezrites. And his son Gideon pressed out wheat out of the ears in a press, for to flee from the Midianites.
But a woman cast a piece of a millstone upon his head and all to break his brainpan.
But the Philistines took him, and put out his eyes; and brought him down to Gaza, and bound him with fetters. And he was made to grind in the prison house.
And Boaz, when the time of refection was come, said unto her, "Come hither and eat of the bread, and dip thy sop in the vinegar." And she sat down by the reapers, and he reached her parched corn. And so she did eat and was sufficed, and left part.
His heart is as hard as stone, and as fast as the stythie that the hammer man smiteth upon.
Behold, I will make thee a treading cart and a new flail, that thou mayest thresh and grind the mountains, and bring the hills to powder.
Moreover, I will take from them the voice of gladness and solace, the voice of the bridegroom and the bride, the voice of the anointed, with the cressets:
For lo, this I promise: though I sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as they use to sift in a sieve: yet shall not the smallest gravel stone fall upon the earth.
Which hath also his fan in his hand, and will purge his floor, and gather the wheat into His garner; and will burn the chaff with unquenchable fire."
In that time went Jesus, on the Sabbath day, through the corn; and his disciples were a hungered, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.
two shall be grinding at the mill: the one shall be received, and the other shall be refused.
And the Lord said, "Simon, Simon, behold Satan hath desired you, to sift you, as it were wheat:
And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more in thee: and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee, and the sound of a mill shall be heard no more in thee,
And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more in thee: and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee, and the sound of a mill shall be heard no more in thee,
Easton
The word so rendered (dagan) in Ge 27:28,37; Nu 18:27; De 28:51; La 2:12, is a general term representing all the commodities we usually describe by the words corn, grain, seeds, peas, beans. With this corresponds the use of the word in John 12:24.
In Ge 41:35,49; Pr 11:26; Joe 2:24 ("wheat"), the word thus translated (bar; i.e., "winnowed") means corn purified from chaff. With this corresponds the use of the word in the New Testament (Mt 3:12; Lu 3:17; Ac 7:12). In Ps 65:13 it means "growing corn."
In Ge 42:1-2,19; Jos 9:14; Ne 10:31 ("victuals"), the word (sheber; i.e., "broken," i.e., grist) denotes generally victuals, provisions, and corn as a principal article of food.
From the time of Solomon, corn began to be exported from Palestine (Eze 27:17; Am 8:5). "Plenty of corn" was a part of Issac's blessing conferred upon Jacob (Ge 27:28; comp. Ps 65:13).
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God give thee of the dew of heaven, and of the fatness of the earth and plenty of corn and wine.
God give thee of the dew of heaven, and of the fatness of the earth and plenty of corn and wine.
Isaac answered and said unto Esau, "Behold, I have made him thy lord, and all his mother's children have I made his servants. Moreover, with corn and wine have I established him. What can I do unto thee now my son?"
and let them gather all the food of these good years that come, and lay up corn under the power of Pharaoh: that there may be food in the cities,
And Joseph laid up corn in store, like unto the sand of the sea in multitude out of measure, until he left numbering: For it was without number.
When Jacob saw that there was corn to be sold in Egypt, he said unto his sons, "Why are ye negligent? Behold, I have heard that there is corn to be sold in Egypt. Get you thither and buy us corn from thence, that we may live and not die."
If ye mean no hurt, let one of your brethren be bound in the prison, and go ye and bring the necessary food unto your households,
And it shall be reckoned unto you for your heave offering, even as though ye gave corn out of the barn or a full offering from the wine press.
And he shall eat the fruit of thy land and the fruit of thy cattle until he have destroyed thee: so that he shall leave thee neither corn, wine, nor oil, neither the increase of thine oxen nor the flocks of thy sheep: until he have brought thee to nought.
And the men took of their victuals, and counseled not with the mouth of the LORD.
And if the people of the land brought wares on the Sabbath, and all manner of victuals to sell, that we would not take it of them on the Sabbath and on the holy days. And that we would let the seventh year be free concerning all manner of charge.
The folds shall be full of sheep; the valleys also shall stand so thick with corn, that they shall laugh and sing.
The folds shall be full of sheep; the valleys also shall stand so thick with corn, that they shall laugh and sing.
Whoso hordeth up his corn, shall be cursed among the people; but blessing shall light upon his head that selleth it.
{Lamed} Even when they spake to their mothers, "Where is meat and drink?" For while they so said, they fell down in the streets of the city, like as they had been wounded, and some died in their mothers' bosom.
Judah and the land of Israel occupied with thee, and brought unto thy markets, wheat, balm, honey, oil and treacle.
And the barns shall be full of corn, and the wine presses flow with wine and oil.
"When will the new month be gone, that we may sell victuals; and the Sabbath, that we may have scarceness of corn; to make the bushel less, and the Sicle greater?
Which hath also his fan in his hand, and will purge his floor, and gather the wheat into His garner; and will burn the chaff with unquenchable fire."
which hath his fan in his hand, and will purge his floor, and will gather the corn into his barn: But the chaff will he burn with fire that never shall be quenched."
But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent our fathers first,
Fausets
Wheat, barley, spelt (as the Hebrew for "rye," Ex 9:32, ought to be translated, for it was the common food of the Egyptians, called doora, as the monuments testify; also in Eze 4:9 for "fitches" translated "spelt".) "Principal wheat," i.e. prime, excellent (Isa 28:25). "Seven ears on one stalk" (Ge 41:22) is common still in Egypt. The sheaves in harvest used to be decorated with the lilies of the field, which illustrates Song 7:2. "Plenty of grain" was part of Jacob's blessing (Ge 27:28).
From Solomon's time the Holy Land exported grain to Tyre (Eze 27:17). See Am 8:5. It is possible Indian grain or maize was known and used in Palestine as it was at Thebes in Egypt, where grains and leaves of it have been found under mummies. The wheat root will send up many stalks, but never more than one ear upon one stalk. But seven full ears upon one maize grain stalk have often been found. Maize grain in the milky state roasted is delicious: this, if meant in Le 2:14, would give zest to the offering.
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God give thee of the dew of heaven, and of the fatness of the earth and plenty of corn and wine.
God give thee of the dew of heaven, and of the fatness of the earth and plenty of corn and wine.
And I saw again in my dream seven ears spring out of one stalk, full and good,
And I saw again in my dream seven ears spring out of one stalk, full and good,
"'If thou offer a meat offering of the first ripe fruits unto the LORD, then take of that which is yet green, and dry it by the fire and beat it small, and so offer the meat offering of thy first ripe fruits.
"'If thou offer a meat offering of the first ripe fruits unto the LORD, then take of that which is yet green, and dry it by the fire and beat it small, and so offer the meat offering of thy first ripe fruits.
Thy navel is like a round goblet, which is never without drink. Thy womb is like a heap of wheat, set about with lilies;
Thy navel is like a round goblet, which is never without drink. Thy womb is like a heap of wheat, set about with lilies;
And when he hath made it plain, he soweth it with fitches or cumin. He soweth the wheat and Barley in their place, Milium and Rye also in their place.
And when he hath made it plain, he soweth it with fitches or cumin. He soweth the wheat and Barley in their place, Milium and Rye also in their place.
"Wherefore, take unto thee wheat, barley, beans, growell seed, Millium and fitches: and put these together in a vessel, and make thee loaves of bread thereof, according to the number of the days that thou must lie upon thy side: that thou mayest have bread to eat, for three hundred and ninety days.
"Wherefore, take unto thee wheat, barley, beans, growell seed, Millium and fitches: and put these together in a vessel, and make thee loaves of bread thereof, according to the number of the days that thou must lie upon thy side: that thou mayest have bread to eat, for three hundred and ninety days.
Judah and the land of Israel occupied with thee, and brought unto thy markets, wheat, balm, honey, oil and treacle.
Judah and the land of Israel occupied with thee, and brought unto thy markets, wheat, balm, honey, oil and treacle.
"When will the new month be gone, that we may sell victuals; and the Sabbath, that we may have scarceness of corn; to make the bushel less, and the Sicle greater?
"When will the new month be gone, that we may sell victuals; and the Sabbath, that we may have scarceness of corn; to make the bushel less, and the Sicle greater?
Hastings
This term may be taken to include
Morish
Various Hebrew words are translated 'corn,' and usually signify any kind of grain. The 'OLD CORN OF THE LAND' was what the Israelites began to eat after crossing the Jordan, when the manna ceased. Jos 5:11-12). It typifies a heavenly Christ, on whom those feed who have spiritually passed through Jordan
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And they ate of the corn of the land on the morrow after Passover, sweet cakes and parched corn in the selfsame day. And Manna ceased on the morrow, after they had eaten of the corn of the land, neither had the children of Israel Manna any more, but did eat of the fruits of the land of Canaan that year.
Verily, verily I say unto you, except the wheat corn fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone. If it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.
Smith
Corn.
The most common kinds were wheat, barley, spelt, Authorized Version,
and Isai 28:25 "rye;"
fitches and millet; oats are mentioned only by rabbinical writers. Our Indian corn was unknown in Bible times. Corn-crops are still reckoned at twentyfold what was sown, and were anciently much more.
The Jewish law permitted any one in passing through a filed of standing corn to pluck and eat.
De 23:25
see also Matt 12:1 From Solomon's time,
as agriculture became developed under a settled government, Palestine was a corn-exporting country, and her grain was largely taken by her commercial neighbor Tyre.
comp. Amos 8:5
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And I saw again in my dream seven ears spring out of one stalk, full and good,
When thou goest into thy neighbour's corn, thou mayest pluck the ears with thine hand, but thou mayest not move a sickle unto thy neighbour's corn.
And behold, I sent for thy servants the cutters and hewers of timber twenty thousand quarters of beaten wheat, and twenty thousand quarters of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths of oil.
And now the wheat, barley, oil and wine which my lord hath said, let him send his servants.
"Wherefore, take unto thee wheat, barley, beans, growell seed, Millium and fitches: and put these together in a vessel, and make thee loaves of bread thereof, according to the number of the days that thou must lie upon thy side: that thou mayest have bread to eat, for three hundred and ninety days.