Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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And the key of the house of David I will lay upon his shoulder; so he shall open, and no one shall shut; and he shall shut, and no one shall open.
And he said unto them, Therefore every scribe who is instructed in the kingdom of the heavens is like unto a man, a husband of a house, who brings forth out of his treasure things new and old.
And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon son of Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed it unto thee, but my Father who is in the heavens. And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, a small rock and upon the large rock I will build my congregation , and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against her.
And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, a small rock and upon the large rock I will build my congregation , and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against her.
Verily I say unto you, Whatever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in the heaven; and whatever ye shall loose on earth shall be loosed in the heaven.
Woe unto you, lawyers! for ye have taken the key of knowledge: ye entered not in yourselves, and those that were entering in, ye hindered.
And the Lord said, Who then is that faithful and wise steward whom his lord shall make ruler over his household to give them their portion of food in due season?
Although also certain women of our company made us astonished, who before daybreak were at the sepulchre;
And they told what things were done in the way and how he was known to them in the breaking of the bread.
unto those whose sins ye release, they shall be released; and unto those whose sins ye retain, they shall be retained.
This Jesus God has raised up, of whom we all are witnesses. Therefore being raised up by the right hand of God and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this which ye now see and hear. read more. For David did not ascend into the heavens, but he saith himself, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand until I make thy foes thy footstool. Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly that God has made this same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ.
So that those who gladly received his word were baptized, and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls.
But those that were scattered abroad went everywhere preaching the word of the gospel.
Then Peter opened his mouth and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons; but in every nation he that fears him and works righteousness is acceptable to him. read more. The word which God sent unto the sons of Israel, preaching the gospel: peace by Jesus Christ (he is Lord of all),
The word which God sent unto the sons of Israel, preaching the gospel: peace by Jesus Christ (he is Lord of all), that word, I say, ye know, which was published throughout all Judaea and began from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached,
that word, I say, ye know, which was published throughout all Judaea and began from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached, how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all that were oppressed of the devil, for God was with him.
how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all that were oppressed of the devil, for God was with him. And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of Judea and in Jerusalem, whom they slew hanging him on a tree. read more. This same one God raised up the third day and showed him openly, not to all the people, but unto witnesses chosen before of God, even to us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead. And he commanded us to preach unto the people and to testify that it is he who is ordained of God to be the Judge of living and dead. Unto him all the prophets give witness, that whosoever believes in him shall receive remission of sins through his name. While Peter yet spoke these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who heard the word. And those of the circumcision who believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, that also on the Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out. For they heard them speak with tongues and magnify God. Then Peter answered, Can anyone forbid water that these should not be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit as well as we? And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they begged him to tarry certain days.
Now those who were scattered abroad by the tribulation that arose about Stephen travelled as far as Phenice and Cyprus and Antioch, preaching the word to no one except only unto the Jews.
As they ministered to the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work unto which I have called them.
And when they were come and had gathered the congregation together, they related what great things God had done with them and how he had opened the door of faith unto the Gentiles.
And the apostles and elders came together to consider of this matter. And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God chose that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel and believe.
And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago God chose that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the gospel and believe. And God, who knows the hearts, bore them witness, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as he did unto us, read more. and put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. Now therefore why tempt ye God, putting a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? For we believe that through the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved, even as they.
And after they had become silent, James answered, saying, Men and brethren, hearken unto me:
Therefore my sentence is that those from among the Gentiles who are converted to God not be troubled,
Then it pleased the apostles and elders, with the whole congregation , to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas and Silas, principal men among the brethren; and they wrote letters by them after this manner: The apostles and elders and brethren send greeting unto the brethren who are of the Gentiles in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia; read more. forasmuch as we have heard that certain ones who went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, Ye must be circumcised and keep the law, to whom we gave no such commandment, it seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things:
After these things Paul departed from Athens and came to Corinth
And Paul after this tarried there yet a good while and then took his leave of the brethren and sailed from there into Syria and with him Priscilla and Aquila, having shorn his head in Cenchrea, for he had a vow. And he came to Ephesus and left them there, but he himself entered into the synagogue and reasoned with the Jews. read more. When they desired him to tarry longer time with them, he consented not,
But when Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to the face because he was to be blamed.
Brethren, if anyone is overtaken in a fault, ye who are spiritual restore such a one in the spirit of meekness, considering thyself lest thou also be tempted.
But ye have the anointing of the Holy One, and ye know all things.
And to the angel of the congregation in Philadelphia write; These things, saith he that is Holy and True, he who has the key of David, who opens and no one shuts and shuts, and no one opens;