Reference: Debtor
American
One under obligations, whether pecuniary or moral, Mt 23:16; Ro 1:14; Ga 5:3. If the house, cattle, or goods of a Hebrew would not meet his debts, his land might be appropriate for this purpose until the year of Jubilee, or his person might be reduced into servitude till he had paid his debt by his labor, or till the year of Jubilee, which terminated Hebrew bondage in all cases, Le 25:29-41; 2Ki 4:1; Ne 5:3-5.
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And, when, any man, selleth a dwelling-house in a walled city, then shall his right of redemption remain until the completion of a year after he sold it, - for, a year of days, shall his right of redemption remain. But, if it be not redeemed before the end of a full year, then shall the house that is in the city that hath walls be confirmed, beyond recovery, to him who bought it, unto his generations, - it shall not go out in the jubilee. read more. But as for the houses of villages which have no wall round about them, with the fields of land, shall it be reckoned, - a right of redemption, shall belong to it, and, in the jubilee, shall it go out. And as for the cities of the Levites, the houses of the cities of their possession, an age-abiding right of redemption, shall pertain unto the Levites. And, if one of the Levites should not redeem, then shall the sale of the house and the city of his possession go out in the jubilee; for, the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession, in the midst of the sons of Israel. But the field of the pasture-land of their cities, shall not be sold, - for an age-abiding possession, it is unto them. And, when thy brother waxeth poor, and his hand becometh feeble with thee, then shalt thou strengthen him, as a sojourner and a settler, so shall he live with thee. Do not accept from him interest or profit, but stand thou in awe of thy God, - so shall thy brother live with thee. Thy silver, shalt thou not give him on interest, - neither, for profit, shalt thou give him thy food. I - Yahweh, am your God, who brought you forth out of the land of Egypt, - to give unto you the land of Canaan, to become your God, And when thy brother waxeth poor with thee, and so selleth himself unto thee, thou shalt not bind him with the bondage of a bondman: as a hired servant, as a settler, shall he remain with thee, - until the year of the jubilee, shall he serve with thee: then shall he go forth from thee, he and his sons with him, - and shall return unto his family, and unto the possession of his fathers, shall he return.
And there were some who were saying, Our fields and our vineyards and our houses, are we pledging, - -that we may obtain corn in the dearth. And there were others who were saying, We have borrowed silver, for the king's tribute, - upon our lands and our vineyards. read more. Now, therefore, as is the flesh of our brethren, so is our flesh, as are their children, so are our children. Yet lo! we are putting in subjection our sons and our daughters, for bondservants, yea there are some of our daughters already trodden down, and we are powerless, and, our fields and our vineyards, belong to others.
Alas for you, blind guides! that say - Whosoever shall swear by the Temple, it is, nothing, but, whosoever shall swear by the gold of the Temple, is bound:
Both to Greeks and to Barbarians, both to wise and to unwise, a debtor, I am:
Yea, I bear solemn witness again, unto every man getting circumcised, - that he is, a debtor, to do, the whole law.
Easton
Various regulations as to the relation between debtor and creditor are laid down in the Scriptures.
(1.) The debtor was to deliver up as a pledge to the creditor what he could most easily dispense with (De 24:10-11).
(2.) A mill, or millstone, or upper garment, when given as a pledge, could not be kept over night (Ex 22:26-27).
(3.) A debt could not be exacted during the Sabbatic year (De 15:1-15).
For other laws bearing on this relation see Le 25:14,32,39; Mt 18:25,34.
(4.) A surety was liable in the same way as the original debtor (Pr 11:15; 17:18).
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If thou, do take in pledge, the mantle of thy neighbour, by the going in of the sun, shalt thou restore it to him; for that is his only covering, that, is his mantle, for his skin, - wherein shall he sleep? and it shall come to pass when he maketh outcry unto me, then will I hear because, gracious, I am.
And when ye sell anything to thy neighbour, or buy aught at thy neighbour's hand, do not overreach one another.
And as for the cities of the Levites, the houses of the cities of their possession, an age-abiding right of redemption, shall pertain unto the Levites.
And when thy brother waxeth poor with thee, and so selleth himself unto thee, thou shalt not bind him with the bondage of a bondman:
At the end of seven years, shalt thou make a release. And, this, shall be the manner of the release, Every creditor who lendeth aught to his neighbour, his hand shall release it, - he shall not exact it of his neighbour or his brother, because there hath been proclaimed a release unto Yahweh. read more. Of a foreigner, thou mayest exact it, - but, what thou hast with thy brother, thy hand shall release; save, when there shall be among you no needy person, - for Yahweh will indeed bless, thee, in the land which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee as an inheritance to possess it: only if thou do hearken unto the voice of Yahweh thy God, - to observe to do - all this commandment which I am commanding time to-day. When, Yahweh thy God, hath blessed thee, as he spake unto thee, then shalt thou lead unto many nations but thou, shalt not borrow, and, thou shalt rule over many nations but over thee, shall they not rule. When there cometh to be among you a needy person any one of thy brethren within any one of thy gates, in thy land, which Yahweh thy God is giving unto thee, thou shalt not harden thy heart nor shut thy hand from thy needy brother; but thou shalt, open, thy hand unto him, - and, lend, him enough to meet the poverty which doth impoverish him. Take thou heed to thyself lest there be something near thine abandoned heart, saying - Drawing nigh, is the seventh year the year of release, and so thine eye be evil, against thy needy brother, and thou give not unto him, - and he cry out against thee unto Yahweh, and it become in thee a sin! Thou shalt, give, unto him, and thy heart shall not be evil when thou givest unto him, - for on account of this very thing, will Yahweh thy God bless thee, in all that thou doest and in all whereunto thou puttest thy hand. For the needy will not cease out of the midst of the land - for this cause, am I commanding thee, saying, Thou shalt open, thy hand unto thy brother to thy poor and to thy needy, in thy land. When thy brother a Hebrew man (or a Hebrew woman) selleth himself unto thee, then shall he serve thee six years, - and in the seventh year, shalt thou let him go out free from thee; and when thou lettest him go out free, from thee, thou shalt not let him go out empty: thou shalt, richly load, him out of thy flock, and out of thy threshing-floor and out of thy wine-vat, - of that wherewith Yahweh thy God hath blessed thee, shalt thou give unto him; and thou shalt remember that a servant, thou wast in the land of Egypt, and that Yahweh thy God, redeemed thee, - for this cause, am I commanding thee this thing, to-day.
When thou lendest thy neighbour a loan of anything, thou shalt not enter into his house to secure his pledge: outside, shalt thou stand, and the man to whom thou art lending, shall bring forth unto thee his pledge outside,
He that becometh surety for a stranger, goeth to utter ruin, but, he that hateth striking hands, is secure.
A man lacking sense, is one who striketh hands, giving security, before his neighbour.
and, he, not having, wherewith to pay, the master ordered him to be sold, and the wife, and the children, and whatsoever he had, - and payment to be made.
And, provoked to anger, his master delivered him up to the torturers, until he should pay all that was owing.
Smith
Debtor.
[LOAN]
See Loan