Reference: Festivals, Religious
Easton
There were daily (Le 23), weekly, monthly, and yearly festivals, and great stress was laid on the regular observance of them in every particular (Nu 28:1-8; Ex 29:38-42; Le 6:8-23; Ex 30:7-9; 27:20).
(1.) The septenary festivals were,
(a) The weekly Sabbath (Le 23:1-3; Ex 19:3-25; 20:8-11; 31:12, etc.).
(b) The seventh new moon, or the feast of Trumpets (Nu 28:11-15; 29:1-6).
(c) The Sabbatical year (Ex 23:10-11; Le 25:2-7).
(d) The year of jubilee (Le 23-27; 25:1; 8-16; 27:16-25).
(2.) The great feasts were,
(a) The Passover. (b) The feast of Pentecost, or of weeks. (c) The feast of Tabernacles, or of ingathering.
On each of these occasions every male Israelite was commanded "to appear before the Lord" (De 27:7; Ne 8:9-12). The attendance of women was voluntary. (Comp. Lu 2:41; 1Sa 1:7; 2:19.) The promise that God would protect their homes (Ex 34:23-24) while all the males were absent in Jerusalem at these feasts was always fulfilled. "During the whole period between Moses and Christ we never read of an enemy invading the land at the time of the three festivals. The first instance on record is thirty-three years after they had withdrawn from themselves the divine protection by imbruing their hands in the Saviour's blood, when Cestius, the Roman general, slew fifty of the people of Lydda while all the rest had gone up to the feast of Tabernacles, A.D. 66."
These festivals, besides their religious purpose, had an important bearing on the maintenance among the people of the feeling of a national unity. The times fixed for their observance were arranged so as to interfere as little as possible with the industry of the people. The Passover was kept just before the harvest commenced, Pentecost at the conclusion of the corn harvest and before the vintage, the feast of Tabernacles after all the fruits of the ground had been gathered in.
(3.) The Day of Atonement, the tenth day of the seventh month (Le 16:1,34; 23:26-32; Nu 29:7-11). (See Atonement, Day of.)
Of the post-Exilian festivals reference is made to the feast of Dedication (Joh 10:22). This feast was appointed by Judas Maccabaeus in commemoration of the purification of the temple after it had been polluted by Antiochus Epiphanes. The "feast of Purim" (q.v.), Es 9:24-32, was also instituted after the Exile. (Cf. Joh 5:1.)
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And when Moses, had gone up unto God, then called Yahweh unto him out of the mountain saying, Thus, shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, And tell the sons of Israel: Ye, have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, - And how I bare you upon wings of eagles, And brought you in unto myself: - read more. Now, therefore, if ye will, indeed hearken, to my voice, And keep my covenant, Then shall ye be mine as a treasure beyond all the peoples, For, mine, is all the earth; But, ye, shall be mine, As a kingdom of priests, And a holy nation. These, are the words, which thou shalt speak unto the sons of Israel. Then came Moses, and called for the elders of the people, - and put before them all these words which Yahweh had commanded him. And all the people responded together and said, All that Yahweh hath spoken, will we do. And Moses took back the words of the people, unto Yahweh. Then said Yahweh unto Moses: Lo! I, am coming unto thee in the veiling of cloud, in order that the people may hear when I speak with thee, moreover also, that, in thee, they may trust to times age-abiding. Then told Moses the words of the people unto Yahweh. And Yahweh said unto Moses - Go unto the people, and thou shalt hallow them to-day, and to-morrow, - and they shall wash their clothes; and shall be ready, by the third day, - for on the third day, will Yahweh come down in the sight of all the people upon Mount Sinai. So then thou shalt set bounds for the people round about saying, Take heed to yourselves - that ye go not up into the mountain, nor touch the boundary thereof, whosoever toucheth the mountain, shall, surely die. No hand shall touch it but he shall be, surely stoned, or be, surely shot, whether beast or man, he shall not live, - When the rams horn soundeth, they themselves, shall come up within the mount, Then Moses went down out of the mount, unto the people, - and hallowed the people, and they washed their clothes. And he said unto the people, Be ready, by the third day, - do not approach a woman. And it came to pass on the third day, when the morning had come, that there were thunderings and lightnings, and a heavy cloud upon the mount, and the sound of a horn, loud exceedingly, - and all the people who were in the camp trembled. And Moses brought forth the people, to meet God out of the camp, - and they stationed themselves in the lower part of the mount, And Mount Sinai, smoked, all over, because Yahweh had come down thereon in fire, - and the smoke thereof went up as the smoke of a furnace, and all the mountain trembled exceedingly. And as oft as the sound of the horn went on and became exceeding loud, Moses, spake and, God, responded to him with a voice. Thus came Yahweh down upon Mount Sinai unto the top of the mount, - and Yahweh called Moses unto the top of the mount, and Moses went up. Then said Yahweh unto Moses, Go dawn adjure the people, - lest they press through unto Yahweh to see, and so there fall from among them a multitude. Yea, even the priests who do approach unto Yahweh, must hallow themselves, - lest Yahweh break in upon them. And Moses said unto Yahweh, The people cannot come up into Mount Sinai, - for, thou thyself, hast adjured us saying: Set bounds to the mountain and hallow it. And Yahweh said unto him - Away, down, then shalt thou come up, thou and Aaron with thee, - but as for the priests and the people, let it not be that they press through to come up unto Yahweh lest he break in upon them. So Moses went down unto the people, - and said these things unto them.
Remember the sabbath day, to hallow it: Six days, shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; read more. but, the seventh day, is a sabbath unto Yahweh thy God, - thou shalt do no work, thou nor thy son nor thy daughter nor thy servant, nor thy handmaid, nor thy beast, nor thy sojourner who is within thy gates, For, in six days, did Yahweh make the heavens and the earth, and the sea - and all that in them is, and rested on the seventh day, - for this cause, Yahweh blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.
And six years, shalt thou sow thy land, - and shalt gather the yield thereof; but the seventh year, shalt thou let it rest and be still so shall the needy of thy people eat, and what they leave, shall the wild-beast of the field eat, - in like manner, shalt thou deal with thy vineyard with thine oliveyard.
Thou thyself, therefore, shalt command the sons of Israel that they bring unto thee - pure, beaten olive-oil, for giving light, - that the lamp may lift up its flame continually.
This, moreover, is what thou shalt offer upon the altar, two lambs of a year old day by day, continually: The one lamb, shalt thou offer in the morning, and the second lamb, shalt thou offer between the evenings; read more. and a tenth part of fine meal mingled with a fourth part of the hin of beaten oil, and, as a drink-offering, a fourth part of the hin of wine, - with the one lamb. And the second lamb, shalt thou offer between the evenings,-according to the meal-offering of the morning, and according to the drink-offering thereof, shalt thou offer with it, for a satisfying odour, an altar-flame, to Yahweh: a continual ascending-sacrifice to your generations, at the opening of the tent of meeting, before Yahweh, where will meet with you, to speak unto thee there.
And Aaron shall burn thereon fragrant incense, - morning by morning, when he trimmeth the lamps, shall he burn it; and, when Aaron lighteth the lamps, between the evenings, shall he burn it, - a continual incense before Yahweh, to your generations. read more. Ye shall not cause to ascend thereupon strange incense, nor an ascending-sacrifice, nor a meal-offering, - and a drink offering, shall ye not pour out thereupon.
three times in the year, shall every one of thy males see the face of the Lord Yahweh the God of Israel. For I will root out nations from before thee, and will enlarge thy borders, - and no man shall covet thy land, when thou goes up to see the face of Yahweh thy God, three times in the year.
Command Aaron and his sons, saying, This is the law of the ascending-sacrifice, - the same, is the ascending-sacrifice, which is upon the hearth, upon the altar, nil the night until the morning, - and the fire of the altar, shall be kept burning therein. So then the priest shall put on his upper garment of linen, and, breeches of linen, shall he put on over his flesh, then shall he take up the fat-ashes, whereto the fire consumeth the ascending-sacrifice on the altar, - and shall put them beside the altar. read more. Then shall he put off his garments, and put on other garments, - and shall carry forth the fat-ashes unto the outside of the camp, unto a clean place, And, the fire on the altar, shall be kept burning therein, it shall not be suffered to go out, but the priest shall kindle up thereon pieces of wood, morning by morning, - and shall set in order thereupon the ascending-sacrifice, and shall make a perfume thereon with the fat-pieces of the peace-offerings: fire, shall continually be kept burning on the altar, it shall not be suffered to go out. And, this, is the law of the meal-offering, - the sons of Aaron shall bring it near before Yahweh, unto the front of the altar. Then shall one lift up therefrom a handful of the fine meal of the meal-offering, and of the oil thereof, and all the frankincense which is upon the meal-offering, - and shall make a perfume at the altar, an altar-flame of a satisfying odour, shall the memorial thereof be, unto Yahweh. And the remainder thereof, shall Aaron and his sons eat, - as unleavened cakes, shall it be eaten, in a holy place, within the court of the tent of meeting, shall they eat it. It shall not be baked into anything leavened, as their portion, have I given it, from among the altar-flames of Yahweh, - most holy, it is, like the sin-bearer, and like the guilt-bearer, Any male among the sons of Aaron may eat it, an age-abiding statute to your generations from among the altar-flames of Yahweh, - every one that toucheth them shall be hallowed.
This, is the oblation of Aaron and his sons, which they shall bring near unto Yahweh in the day when he is anointed, The tenth of an ephah of fine meal, as a continual meal-offering, - half thereof in the morning, and half thereof in the evening; on a pan, with oil, shall it be made when well mingled, shalt thou bring it in, - in baked portions, as a meal-offering in pieces, shalt thou bring it near as a satisfying odour unto Yahweh. read more. And the priest that is anointed in his stead from among his sons, shall prepare it, - it is an age-abiding statute, that unto Yahweh, shall a perfume, of the entire gift, be made: yea, every meal-offering of a priest, shall be, entire - it shall not be eaten.
And Yahweh spake unto Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron, - when they had offered strange fire before Yahweh and died.
So shall this become unto you an age-abiding statute, - to put a propitiatory-covering over the sons of Israel because of all their sins, Once in the year. And he did, As Yahweh commanded Moses.
Speak unto the sons of Israel and thou shalt say unto them, As for the appointed seasons of Yahweh, which ye shall proclaim as holy con-vocations, these, are they - my appointed seasons: - Six days, shall work be done, but, on the seventh day, shall there be a sabbath of sacred rest a holy convocation, no work, shall ye do, - a sabbath, shall it be unto Yahweh, in all your dwellings.
Surely on the tenth of this seventh month, is, the Day of Propitiation, a holy convocation, shall it be to you, therefore shall ye humble your souls, - and bring near an altar-flame unto Yahweh. And, no work, shall ye do, on this selfsame day, - for a day of propitiation, it is, to put a propitiatory-covering over you before Yahweh your God. read more. For, whosoever be the person that shall not be humbled on this selfsame day, then shall he be cut off from among his kinsfolk. And, whosoever be the person that shall do any work on this selfsame day, then will I destroy that person from the midst of his people. No work, shall ye do, - an age-abiding statute to your generations, in all your dwellings. A sabbath of sacred rest, shall it be unto you, so shall ye humble your souls, - on the ninth of the month in the evening, from evening to evening, shall ye keep your sabbath.
Speak unto the sons of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them: - When ye enter into the land which, I, am giving you, then shall the land keep a sabbath unto Yahweh. Six years, shalt thou sow thy field, and, six years, shalt thou prune thy vineyard, - and gather the increase thereof; read more. but, in the seventh year - a sabbath of sacred rest, shall there be unto the land, a sabbath unto Yahweh: thy field, shalt thou not sow, and, thy vineyard, shalt thou not prune; that which groweth of itself of thy harvest, shalt thou not reap; and the grapes of thine unpruned vines, shalt thou not cut off: a year of sacred rest, shall there be to the land. So shall the sabbath of the land be unto you for food: unto thee, and unto thy servant and unto thy handmaid, - and unto thy hireling, and unto thy settlers that are sojourning with thee; and unto thy tame-beasts, and unto the wild-beasts that are in thy land, shall belong all the increase thereof for food.
Command the sons of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them, - My offering, my food for my altar-flames my satisfying odour, shall ye take heed to offer unto me in its season, Therefore shalt thou say to them. This, is the altar-flame, which ye shall offer unto Yahweh, - he-lambs a year old, without defect, two day, as a continual ascending-sacrifice. read more. The one lamb, shalt thou offer in the morning, - and the other lamb, shalt thou offer between the two evenings; also the tenth of an ephah of fine meal for a meal-offering, - overflowed with beaten oil the fourth of a hin: a continual ascending-sacrifice, - which was offered in Mount Sinai, as a satisfying odour an altar-flame unto Yahweh. Also he drink-offering thereof the fourth of a hin for each lamb, - in a holy place, shall it be poured out as a libation of strong drink unto Yahweh. And, the other lamb, shalt thou offer between the two evenings; like the meal-offering of the morning, and like the drink-offering thereof, shalt thou offer, an altar flame a satisfying odour unto Yahweh.
And in the beginnings of your months, shall ye bring near an ascending-sacrifice unto Yahweh, two choice bullocks and one ram, seven he-lambs a year old without defect; and three-tenths of fine meal, as a meal-offering, overflowed with oil, to each bullock, - and two-tenths of fine-meal as a meal-offering, overflowed with oil, to each ram; read more. and a tenth, severally, of fine meal as a meal-offering, overflowed with oil, to each lamb, - an ascending-sacrifice, a satisfying odour, an altar-flame unto Yahweh. And as their drink-offerings, half a hin, shall be to a bullock and the third of a hin to a ram, and the fourth of a hin to a lamb, of wine, - This, is the ascending-sacrifice of a month in its month, for the months of the year. Also one he-goat as a sin-bearer unto Yahweh, - besides the continual ascending-sacrifice, shall it be offered, with the drink-offering thereof.
And in the seventh month, on the first of the month, a holy convocation, shall there be unto you, no laborious work, shall ye do, - a day of loud acclamation, shall it be unto you. Therefore shall ye offer, as an ascending-sacrifice for a satisfying odour unto Yahweh, one choice bullock one ram, - seven he-lambs a year old without defect; read more. and as their meal-offering, fine meal, overflowed with oil, - three-tenths to a bullock two-tenths to a ram; and one-tenth to each lamb, - of the seven lambs; and one young he-goat as a sin-bearer, - for putting a propitiatory-covering over you: in addition to the monthly ascending-sacrifice with the meal-offering thereof and the continual ascending sacrifice, with the meal-offering thereof and the drink-offering thereof according to their regulation, - for a satisfying odour, an altar-flame, unto Yahweh. And on the tenth of this seventh month, a holy convocation, shall there be unto you, - when ye shall humble your souls, - no work, shall ye do; but ye shall bring near, as an ascending-sacrifice unto Yahweh a satisfying odour, one choice bullock one ram, - seven he-lambs a year old, without defect, shall they be for you; and, as their meal-offering, fine meal overflowed with oil, - three-tenths to a bullock, two-tenths to the one ram; a tenth severally to each lamb, - of the seven lambs; one young he-goat as a sin-bearer, - in addition to, the propitiatory sin-bearer, and the continual ascending-sacrifice, with its meal-offering and their drink-offerings.
and thou shalt sacrifice peace-offerings and shalt eat there, - and rejoice before Yahweh thy God.
Then Nehemiah - he, was the governor - and Ezra the priest the scribe, and the Levites who were causing the people to understand, said unto all the people, To-day, is, holy, unto Yahweh your God, do not mourn, nor weep, - for, weeping, were all the people, when they heard the words of the law. So he said unto them - Go your way, eat the fat and drink the sweet, and send portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared, for holy is the day, unto our Lord, - and be not grieved, for, the joy of Yahweh, is your strength. read more. And, the Levites, were quieting all the people, saying - Hush! for, the day, is holy, - and be not grieved. And all the people went their way, to eat and to drink, and to send portions, and to make great rejoicing, - because they had understood the words which were made known unto them.
because, Haman, son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews, to cause them to perish, - and had cast Pur, the same, is the Lot, to terrify them, and to destroy them; but, by Esther's going in before the king, he commanded by letter, that his wicked plot which he had plotted against the Jews, should return, upon his own head, - and that he and his sons should be hanged upon the gallows. read more. For this cause, called they these days Purim, after the name Pur, for this cause, - for all the words of this epistle, - and what they had seen concerning such a matter, and what had reached unto them. The Jews established and took upon themselves - and upon their seed, and upon all who should join themselves unto them, that it might not pass away, that they would continue to keep these two days, according to the writing concerning them and at their set time, - always year by year. And, these days, were to be remembered and to be kept, always from generation to generation, by every family, every province, and every city, - that, these days of Purim, should not pass away, out of the midst of the Jews, and, the memorial of them, not cease from their seed. Then wrote Esther the queen daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew, with all authority, - to confirm this second epistle concerning the Purim; and he sent letters unto all the Jews, throughout the hundred and twenty-seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, - words of peace and stability: to establish these days of the Purim, in their set times, according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had enjoined upon them, and according as they had enjoined upon their own soul, and upon their seed, - the story of the fastings and of their outcry. And, the command of Esther, confirmed the story of these Purim, - and it was written in a book.
And his parents used to journey yearly into Jerusalem, at the feast of the passover.
After these things, was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up unto Jerusalem.
The feast of dedication took place at that time, in Jerusalem: it was, winter,