Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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And He said to them, Therefore every scribe having been discipled into the kingdom of the heavens is like unto a man who is a landlord, who bringeth out of his treasure things both new and old.
And Jesus responding said to him, Blessed art thou, Simon the son of Jonah: because flesh and blood did not reveal it to thee, but my Father who is in the heavens. And I say to thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock will I build my Church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
And I say to thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock will I build my Church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
Truly I say unto you, that whatsoever things you may bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever things you may loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.
Woe unto you, theologians! because you have taken away the key of knowledge: you did not come in, and you prohibited those who were coming in.
The Lord said, Who then is the faithful, wise steward, whom the lord will establish over his house-hold, to give them their food in season?
But certain women from us truly surprised us, being early at the sepulcher;
And they expounded those things on the way, and bow He was made known to them in the breaking of the bread.
Whose sins you may remit, are remitted unto them; whose sins you may retain, have been retained.
This Jesus God raised up, whose witnesses we are. Therefore on the right hand of God exalted, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, has poured out this which you both see and hear. read more. For David hath not ascended into the heavens, but he says, The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, until I may make thy enemies the footstool of thy feet. Then let all the house of Israel assuredly know that God hath made this same Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ.
Then indeed having received his word they were baptized, and on that day about three thousand souls were added unto them;
Therefore indeed, being dispersed abroad, they went everywhere preaching the word:
And Peter, opening his mouth, said, In truth I apprehend that God is no respecter of persons: but in every nation the one fearing him, and working righteousness, is acceptable to him; read more. the word which he sent to the sons of Israel, preaching peace through Jesus Christ: he is Lord of all.
the word which he sent to the sons of Israel, preaching peace through Jesus Christ: he is Lord of all. This word you know, which was throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;
This word you know, which was throughout all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached; Jesus, the one from Nazareth, how God anointed Him with the Holy Ghost and power: who went about doing good, and healing all oppressed by the devil: because God is with Him.
Jesus, the one from Nazareth, how God anointed Him with the Holy Ghost and power: who went about doing good, and healing all oppressed by the devil: because God is with Him. And we are witnesses in the country of the Jews, and in Jerusalem; whom they even slew, hanging him on the wood. read more. God raised him on the third day, and gave him to be made manifest; not to all the people, but to the witnesses having been chosen of God, to us, who ate and drank along with him after He arose from the dead: and He commanded us to preach to the people, and to witness that He is the One ordained of God the Judge of the living and the dead. And to Him give all the prophets witness, that every one believing on him receives the remission of sins through His name. Peter yet speaking these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all those hearing the word. And the faithful ones who were of the circumcision, so many as came along with Peter, were astonished, because the gift of the Holy Ghost was poured out on the Gentiles also; for they were hearing them speaking with tongues, and magnifying God. Then Peter responded, Whether is any one able to forbid the water, that these shall not be baptized, whosoever received the Holy Ghost as we indeed? And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to tarry some days.
Then indeed those having been dispersed abroad on account of the persecution prevailing over Stephen came through even to Phoenicia, and Cyprus, and Antioch, speaking the word to no one except Jews only.
And they ministering to the Lord, and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, Now separate unto me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.
And arriving, and convening the church, they reported so many things as God did with them, and that He opened the door of faith to the Gentiles.
And the apostles and elders were convened to see about this problem. And there being much disputation, Peter, having arisen, said to them, Men, brethren, you know that from ancient days God chose among you, that the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel through my mouth, and believe.
And there being much disputation, Peter, having arisen, said to them, Men, brethren, you know that from ancient days God chose among you, that the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel through my mouth, and believe. And God, who knows the heart, witnessed to them, giving to them the Holy Ghost, as also to us; read more. and made no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke on the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? But through the grace of our Lord Jesus, we believe that we are saved, in the same manner in which they are also.
And after they became silent, James responded, saying, Men, brethren, hear me.
Therefore I judge, that we should not burden those from the Gentiles turning to God:
Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, along with the whole church, to send men chosen from them into Antioch along with Paul and Barnabas; Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leaders among the brethren: having written through their hand; The apostles and elders, brethren to the brethren who are from the Gentiles throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia greeting. read more. Since we heard that certain ones having come out from us troubled you, disturbing your souls with words which we did not command: it seemed good to us, being of one accord, having chosen men to send them to you along with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have imperiled their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, themselves also proclaiming the same things by speech. For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no more burden than these necessary things,
After these things having departed from Athens, he came to Corinth.
And Paul, still remaining some days, having bidden adieu to the brethren, sailed away to Syria, and along with him Priscilla and Aquila; having shorn his head in Cenchrea; for he had a vow. And they arrived in Ephesus, and he left them there: and himself, having gone into the synagogue, spoke to the Jews. read more. And they asking him to remain a longer time, he did not consent;
And when Cephas came into Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was to blame.
Brethren, if indeed a man may be overtaken in some transgression, you who are spiritual, perfect such an one in the spirit of meekness; watching yourself, lest you may also be tempted.
You have an unction from the Holy One, and you all know.
And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write; The holy, true one, the one having the key of David, the one opening, and no one shall shut; and the one shutting, and no one shall open; says these things.