Reference: Darkness
American
The absence of natural light, Ge 1:2, and hence figuratively a state of misery and adversity, Job 18:6; Ps 107:10; Isa 8:22-9:1; also the absence of the sun and stars, and hence the fall of chief men and national convulsions, Isa 13:10; Ac 2:20. "Works of darkness," are the impure mysteries practiced in heathen worship, Eph 5:11. "Outer darkness" illustrates the gloom of those on whom the gates of heaven are closed, Mt 8:12. The darkness in Egypt, Ex 10:21-23, was miraculous; also that which covered all Judea with sympathetic gloom at the crucifixion of Christ, Lu 23:43. This could not have been caused by an eclipse of the sun; for at Passover the moon was full, and on the opposite side of the earth from the sun.
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And the earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
And LORD said to Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt. And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven, and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days, read more. they did not see each other, neither did anyone rise from his place for three days, but all the sons of Israel had light in their dwellings.
The light shall be dark in his tent, and his lamp above him shall be put out.
[even] those who sat in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound in affliction and iron,
For the stars of heaven and the constellations of it shall not give their light. The sun shall be darkened in its going forth, and the moon shall not cause its light to shine.
but the sons of the kingdom will be cast out into the outer darkness. There will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth.
And Jesus said to him, Truly I say to thee, today thou will be with me in the paradise.
The sun will be changed into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and wonderful day of Lord comes.
And do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead even rebuke them.
Easton
The plague (the ninth) of darkness in Egypt (Ex 10:21) is described as darkness "which may be felt." It covered "all the land of Egypt," so that "they saw not one another." It did not extend to the land of Goshen (ver. Ex 10:23).
When Jesus hung upon the cross (Mt 27:45; Lu 23:44), from the "sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour."
On Mount Sinai, Moses (Ex 20:21) "drew near unto the thick darkness where God was." This was the "thick cloud upon the mount" in which Jehovah was when he spake unto Moses there. The Lord dwelt in the cloud upon the mercy-seat (1Ki 8:12), the cloud of glory. When the psalmist (Ps 97:2) describes the inscrutable nature of God's workings among the sons of men, he says, "Clouds and darkness are round about him." God dwells in thick darkness.
Darkness (Isa 13:9-10; Mt 24:29) also is a symbol of the judgments that attend on the coming of the Lord. It is a symbol of misery and adversity (Job 18:6; Ps 107:10; Isa 8:22; Eze 30:18). The "day of darkness" in Joe 2:2, caused by clouds of locusts, is a symbol of the obscurity which overhangs all divine proceedings. "Works of darkness" are impure actions (Eph 5:11). "Outer darkness" refers to the darkness of the streets in the East, which are never lighted up by any public or private lamps after nightfall, in contrast with the blaze of cheerful light in the house. It is also a symbol of ignorance (Isa 9:2; 60:2; Mt 6:23) and of death (Job 10:21; 17:13).
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And LORD said to Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.
they did not see each other, neither did anyone rise from his place for three days, but all the sons of Israel had light in their dwellings.
And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near to the thick darkness where God was.
Then Solomon spoke, LORD has said that he would dwell in the thick darkness.
before I go where I shall not return, to the land of darkness and of the shadow of death,
The light shall be dark in his tent, and his lamp above him shall be put out.
Clouds and darkness are round about him. Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.
[even] those who sat in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound in affliction and iron,
And they shall look to the earth, and, behold, distress and darkness, the gloom of anguish, and into thick darkness [to be] driven away.
The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light. Those who dwelt in the land of the shadow of death, upon them the light has shone.
Behold, the day of LORD comes, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger, to make the land a desolation, and to destroy the sinners thereof out of it. For the stars of heaven and the constellations of it shall not give their light. The sun shall be darkened in its going forth, and the moon shall not cause its light to shine.
For, behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the peoples. But LORD will arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.
At Tehaphnehes also the day shall withdraw itself when I shall break the yokes of Egypt there, and the pride of her power shall cease in her. As for her, a cloud shall cover her, and her daughters shall go into captivity.
a day of darkness and gloominess, a day of clouds and thick darkness, as the dawn spreads upon the mountains, a great people and a strong, there has not ever been the like, nor shall be any more after them, even to the years of man
But if thine eye is bad, thy whole body will be dark. If therefore the light that is in thee is darkness, how great is the darkness!
But straightaway after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. And the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
Now from the sixth hour darkness developed over all the land until the ninth hour.
And it was about the sixth hour, and darkness occurred over the whole land until the ninth hour.
And do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead even rebuke them.
Fausets
The ninth Egyptian plague (Ex 10:21, etc.). Especially calculated to affect the Egyptians who worshipped Ra, the sun god. Its sudden and intense coming when Moses stretched out his hand marked it as supernatural. Its basis was natural, namely, the chamsin or sandstorm (see Septuagint), from the S.W. desert. It produces a darkness denser than the densest fog, so that no man rises from his place; men and beasts hide until it is over, for it penetrates even through well closed windows. This explains the peculiar phrase "darkness which may be felt." What still more marked its judicial character was (compare Isa 13:9-10; Joe 2:31; 3:15; Mt 24:29) "the children of Israel had light in their dwellings."
The date of Am 8:9 coincides with a total eclipse visible at Jerusalem shortly after noon, Feb. 9th, 784 B.C.; the date of Mic 3:6 with the eclipse June 5th, 716 B.C. (Dionys. Hal., 2:56); the date of Jer 15:9 with the eclipse of Sept. 30th, 610 B.C. (Herodotus, 1:74,103.) The darkness over all the land (Juaea) from the sixth to the ninth hour during Christ's crucifixion (Mt 27:45) cannot have been an eclipse, for it would not last three hours, seldom intensely more than six minutes. The eclipse, darkness and earthquake in Bithynia, noted by Phlegon of Tralles, was probably in the year before. This darkness at Christ's crucifixion was nature's sympathy with her suffering Lord; perhaps partly intended by the prophecy Am 8:9.
As the glory of the Lord shone around the scene of His birth (Lu 2:9), so a pall of darkness was fitly spread over His dying scene. By the paschal reckoning the moon must then have been at its full phase, when the sun could not be eclipsed. Darkness is the image of spiritual ignorance and unbelief (Isa 60:2; Joh 1:5; 3:19; 1Jo 2:8). "Outer darkness" expresses exclusion from the brightness of the heavenly banquet (Mt 8:12). "The works of darkness," i.e. sins (Eph 5:11). God dwells in thick darkness; i.e., we cannot penetrate the awe inspiring mysteries of His person and His dealings. But God is light, and in Him is no darkness at all (1Jo 1:5; 1Ki 8:12; Ps 97:2).
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And LORD said to Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.
And LORD said to Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.
Clouds and darkness are round about him. Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.
Clouds and darkness are round about him. Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.
Behold, the day of LORD comes, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger, to make the land a desolation, and to destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
Behold, the day of LORD comes, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger, to make the land a desolation, and to destroy the sinners thereof out of it. For the stars of heaven and the constellations of it shall not give their light. The sun shall be darkened in its going forth, and the moon shall not cause its light to shine.
For the stars of heaven and the constellations of it shall not give their light. The sun shall be darkened in its going forth, and the moon shall not cause its light to shine.
For, behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the peoples. But LORD will arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.
For, behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the peoples. But LORD will arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.
She who has borne seven, languishes. She has given up the spirit. Her sun has gone down while it was yet day. She has been put to shame and confounded. And the residue of them I will deliver to the sword before their enemies, says
She who has borne seven, languishes. She has given up the spirit. Her sun has gone down while it was yet day. She has been put to shame and confounded. And the residue of them I will deliver to the sword before their enemies, says
The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and {wonderful (LXX/NT)} day of LORD comes.
The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and {wonderful (LXX/NT)} day of LORD comes.
The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their shining.
The sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars withdraw their shining.
And it shall come to pass in that day, says lord LORD, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day.
And it shall come to pass in that day, says lord LORD, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day.
And it shall come to pass in that day, says lord LORD, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day.
And it shall come to pass in that day, says lord LORD, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day.
Therefore it shall be night to you, that ye shall have no vision. And it shall be dark to you, that ye shall not divine. And the sun shall go down upon the prophets, and the day shall be black over them.
Therefore it shall be night to you, that ye shall have no vision. And it shall be dark to you, that ye shall not divine. And the sun shall go down upon the prophets, and the day shall be black over them.
but the sons of the kingdom will be cast out into the outer darkness. There will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth.
but the sons of the kingdom will be cast out into the outer darkness. There will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth.
But straightaway after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. And the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
But straightaway after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light. And the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
Now from the sixth hour darkness developed over all the land until the ninth hour.
Now from the sixth hour darkness developed over all the land until the ninth hour.
And behold, an agent of Lord stood near them, and the glory of Lord shone around them. And they feared a great fear.
And behold, an agent of Lord stood near them, and the glory of Lord shone around them. And they feared a great fear.
And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it.
And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it.
And this is the condemnation, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light, for their deeds were evil.
And this is the condemnation, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light, for their deeds were evil.
And do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead even rebuke them.
And do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead even rebuke them.
And this is the message that we have heard from him and declare to you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.
And this is the message that we have heard from him and declare to you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all.
Hastings
Morish
Used in various significations in scripture.
1. State of the earth before God said, Let there be light. Ge 1:2.
2. Temporary absence of light in the night. Ge 1:5.
3. Extraordinary darkness sent by God. Ex 10:21; 14:20; Mt 27:45.
4. The darkness by which God shrouded His glory. Ex 20:21; Ps 18:9,11; 97:2; Heb 12:18.
5. State of death as compared with natural life. Job 10:21-22.
6. Moral darkness as the consequent state of man fallen. Ps 82:5; Isa 9:2; Mt 4:16; Joh 1:5; 3:19; 2Co 6:14; 1Pe 2:9.
7. It characterises Satan and his agents. Lu 22:53; Eph 6:12; Re 16:10.
8. It is the abode of wicked spirits and will characterise the place of punishment of the wicked. Mt 8:12; 2Pe 2:4; Jude 1:6,13. God is light, and Christ came into the world as the true light: everything shut out from God, or opposed to God and to the Lord Jesus, must partake of moral darkness.
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And the earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day.
And LORD said to Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.
And it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel. And the cloud and the darkness was there, yet it gave light by night. And the one did not come near the other all the night.
And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near to the thick darkness where God was.
before I go where I shall not return, to the land of darkness and of the shadow of death, the land dark as midnight, of the shadow of death, without any order, and where the light is as midnight.
He also bowed the heavens, and came down, and thick darkness was under his feet.
He made darkness his hiding-place, his pavilion round about him, darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
They know not, nor do they understand. They walk to and fro in darkness. All the foundations of the earth are shaken.
Clouds and darkness are round about him. Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne.
The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light. Those who dwelt in the land of the shadow of death, upon them the light has shone.
the people who dwell in darkness saw a great light, and to those who dwell in the region and shadow of death, light sprang up to them.
but the sons of the kingdom will be cast out into the outer darkness. There will be the weeping and the gnashing of teeth.
Now from the sixth hour darkness developed over all the land until the ninth hour.
When I was with you daily in the temple, ye did not stretch forth hands against me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.
And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it.
And this is the condemnation, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light, for their deeds were evil.
Because our wrestling is not against flesh and blood, but against the principal offices, against the positions of authority, against the world-rulers of the darkness of this age, against the spiritual things of wickedness in the he
For ye have not come to a mountain being felt, and which burned with fire, and to darkness, and gloom, and a tempest,
And the heavenly agents who did not keep their own principality, but left their own habitation, he has kept reserved in eternal bonds under darkness for the judgment of the great day.
wild waves of the sea foaming out their own shame, wandering stars for whom the gloom of darkness has been reserved into an age.
And the fifth agent poured out his bowl upon the throne of the beast, and its kingdom became darkened, and they gnawed their tongues from the anguish.
Smith
is spoken of as encompassing the actual presence of God, as that out of which he speaks, --the envelope, as it were, of divine glory.
The plague of darkness in Egypt was miraculous. The darkness "over all the land,"
attending the crucifixion has been attributed to an eclipse, but was undoubtedly miraculous, as no eclipse of the sun could have taken place at that time, the moon being at the full at the time of the passover. Darkness is also, as in the expression "land of darkness," used for the state of the dead,
and frequently, figuratively, for ignorance and unbelief, as the privation of spiritual light.
Joh 1:5; 3:19
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And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near to the thick darkness where God was.
before I go where I shall not return, to the land of darkness and of the shadow of death, the land dark as midnight, of the shadow of death, without any order, and where the light is as midnight.
Now from the sixth hour darkness developed over all the land until the ninth hour.
And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it.
And this is the condemnation, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light, for their deeds were evil.
Watsons
DARKNESS, the absence of light. "Darkness was upon the face of the deep," Ge 1:2; that is, the chaos was immersed in thick darkness, because light was withheld from it. The most terrible darkness was that brought on Egypt as a plague; it was so thick as to be, as it were, palpable; so horrible, that no one durst stir out of his place; and so lasting, that it endured three days and three nights, Ex 10:21-22; Wisdom 17:2, 3. The darkness at our Saviour's death began at the sixth hour, or noon, and ended at the third hour, or three o'clock in the afternoon. Thus it lasted almost the whole time he was on the cross; compare Mt 27:45, with Joh 19:14, and Mr 15:25. Origen, Maldonatus, Erasmus, Vatablus, and others, were of opinion that this darkness covered Judea only; which is sometimes called the whole earth; that is, the whole country. Chrysostom, Euthymius, Theophylact, and others, thought it extended over a hemisphere. Origen says it was caused by a thick mist, which precluded the sight of the sun. That it was preternatural is certain, for, the moon being at full, a natural eclipse of the sun was impossible. Darkness is sometimes used metaphorically for death. "The land of darkness" is the grave, Job 10:22; Ps 107:10. It is also used to denote misfortunes and calamities: "A day of darkness" is a day of affliction, Esther 11:8. "Let that day be darkness; let darkness stain it,"
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And the earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
And LORD said to Moses, Stretch out thy hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt. And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven, and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days,
Let that day be darkness. Let not God from above seek for it, nor let the light shine upon it. Let darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own. Let a cloud dwell upon it. Let blackness come upon it.
the land dark as midnight, of the shadow of death, without any order, and where the light is as midnight.
[even] those who sat in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound in affliction and iron,
Now from the sixth hour darkness developed over all the land until the ninth hour.
And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.
Now it was the Preparation of the Passover, and about the sixth hour. And he says to the Jews, Look at your king!