Reference: Gold
American
A well-known valuable metal, found in many parts of the world, and obtained anciently in Ophir, Job 28:16; Parvaim, 2Ch 3:6; Sheba, and Raamah, Eze 27:22. Job alludes to gold in various forms, Job 22:24; 28:15-19. Abraham was rich in it, and female ornaments were early made of it, Ge 13:2; 24:22,35. It is spoken of throughout Scripture; and the use of it among and ancient Hebrews, in its native and mixed state, and for the same purposes as at present, was very common. The Ark of the Covenant was overlaid with pure gold; the mercy seat, the vessels and utensils belonging to the tabernacle, and those also of the house of the Lord, as well as the drinking-vessels of Solomon, were of gold.
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Now, Abram, was very rich, - in cattle, in silver and in gold.
And it came to pass when the camels had done drinking, that the man took a ring of gold, half a shekel its weight, - and two bracelets for her hands, ten of gold their weight;
Now, Yahweh, having blessed my lord exceedingly, and made him great, - and given him flocks and herds and silver and gold, and men-servants and maid-servants, and camels, and asses,
And he covered the house with precious stones, for beauty, - and, the gold, was gold of Parvaim.
Then lay up, in the dust, precious ore, and, among the stones of the torrent-beds, fine gold:
Pure gold cannot be given in its stead, neither can silver he weighed as the value thereof; It cannot be put into the scales against the gold of Ophir, with costly onyx, or sapphire;
It cannot be put into the scales against the gold of Ophir, with costly onyx, or sapphire; Neither gold nor crystal can compare with it, nor can, the exchange thereof, be a vessel of pure gold, read more. Coral or crystal, cannot be mentioned, Yea, a possession, is wisdom, above red coral; The topaz of Ethiopia cannot compare with it, Against purest gold, can it not be weighed.
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, They were merchants of thine, - With the chief of all spices and with every kind of precious stone and gold, Took they part in thy traffic:
Easton
(1.) Heb zahab, so called from its yellow colour (Ex 25:11; 1Ch 28:18; 2Ch 3:5).
(2.) Heb segor, from its compactness, or as being enclosed or treasured up; thus precious or "fine gold" (1Ki 6:20; 7:49).
(3.) Heb paz, native or pure gold (Job 28:17; Ps 19:10; 21:3, etc.).
(4.) Heb betzer, "ore of gold or silver" as dug out of the mine (Job 36:19, where it means simply riches).
(5.) Heb kethem, i.e., something concealed or separated (Job 28:16,19; Ps 45:9; Pr 25:12). Rendered "golden wedge" in Isa 13:12.
(6.) Heb haruts, i.e., dug out; poetic for gold (Pr 8:10; 16:16; Zec 9:3).
Gold was known from the earliest times (Ge 2:11). It was principally used for ornaments (Ge 24:22). It was very abundant (1Ch 22:14; Na 2:9; Da 3:1). Many tons of it were used in connection with the temple (2Ch 1:15). It was found in Arabia, Sheba, and Ophir (1Ki 9:28-10:1; Job 28:16), but not in Palestine.
In Da 2:38, the Babylonian Empire is spoken of as a "head of gold" because of its great riches; and Babylon was called by Isaiah (Isa 14:4) the "golden city" (R.V. marg., "exactress," adopting the reading marhebah, instead of the usual word madhebah).
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The name of the one, is Pishon, - the same, is that which surroundeth all the land of Havilah, where is gold;
And it came to pass when the camels had done drinking, that the man took a ring of gold, half a shekel its weight, - and two bracelets for her hands, ten of gold their weight;
And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, within and without, shalt thou overlay it, - and thou shalt make thereon a rim of gold, round about.
And, the interior of the shrine, was twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in height, and he overlaid it, with pure gold, - and overlaid the altar with cedar.
and the lamp-holders - five on the right and five on the left, before the shrine, of pure gold, - with the blossoms, and the lamps, and the tongs, of gold;
Lo! then, in my humiliation, have I prepared for the house of Yahweh, of gold a hundred thousand talents, and of silver a thousand thousand talents, and, as for bronze and iron, without weight, for, an abundance, hath it become, - timber also and stone, have I prepared, and, thereunto, thou canst add.
And the king made silver and gold in Jerusalem, like stones, and, cedars, made he like the sycomores that are in the lowland, for abundance.
It cannot be put into the scales against the gold of Ophir, with costly onyx, or sapphire;
It cannot be put into the scales against the gold of Ophir, with costly onyx, or sapphire; Neither gold nor crystal can compare with it, nor can, the exchange thereof, be a vessel of pure gold,
The topaz of Ethiopia cannot compare with it, Against purest gold, can it not be weighed.
Will he value thy riches? Nay not precious ore, nor all the forces of strength.
More desirable, than gold, yea than much fine gold, Sweeter, also than honey, or than droppings from the comb.
For thou wilt come to meet him, with the blessings of goodness, Thou wilt set on his head, a crown of pure gold.
Daughters of kings, are among thine honourable women, Stationed is the bride at thy right hand, in gold of Ophir.
Receive my correction, and not silver, and knowledge, rather than choicest gold.
To acquire wisdom, how much better than gold! and, to get hold of understanding, more choice than silver!
A ring of gold, and a vessel of precious metal, is a wise reprover, on a hearing ear.
I will cause, a man, to be more precious than fine gold, - Even a son of earth than, the finest gold of Ophir.
that thou shalt take up this taunt over the king of Babylon, and shalt say: - How hath ceased the oppressor! Ceased the exactress!
and, wheresoever the sons of men do dwell, the wild beasts of the field and the birds of the heavens, hath he given into thy hand, and hath made thee ruler over them all. Thou, art the head of gold.
Nebuchadnezzar the king, made an image of gold, the height thereof, sixty cubits, the breadth thereof, six cubits, - he set it up in the valley of Dura, in the province of Babylon.
Plunder silver, plunder gold, - and there is no end to the costly furnishing, rich with every article of delight.
Therefore did Tyre build a stronghold for herself, - and did heap up silver like dust, yea gold, like the mire of the lanes.
Fausets
Emblem of purity (Job 23:10), of nobility (La 4:1). Zaahaab, "yellow gold," as geld from gel, yellow. Sagur, "treasured gold " (1Ki 6:20). Paz, "native gold" (Job 28:17; Song 5:15). Betser, "gold earth," i.e. raw ore (Job 22:24). Kethem, figuratively (Job 37:22 margin) "golden splendor"; but Maurer literally, "gold is to be found in northern regions, but God cannot, be found out because of His majesty" (compare Job 28). Charuts, "dug out gold" (Pr 8:10).
It was not coined in ancient times, but is represented on Egyptian tombs as weighed out in the form of rings of fixed weight (Ge 43:21). Simon Maccabeus (1 Maccabees 15) was the first who coined Jewish money. Arabia, Sheba, and Ophir, Uphaz, and Parvaim (used for "gold" in Job 22:24), were the gold producing countries. It is no longer found in Arabia. The Asiatics have always possessed more gold in ornaments than in money.
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And it came to pass when we had entered into the inn, that we opened our sacks, and lo! the silver of each man, in the mouth of his sack, - our silver in its full weight, - so we have bought it back in our hand!
And, the interior of the shrine, was twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in height, and he overlaid it, with pure gold, - and overlaid the altar with cedar.
Then lay up, in the dust, precious ore, and, among the stones of the torrent-beds, fine gold:
Then lay up, in the dust, precious ore, and, among the stones of the torrent-beds, fine gold:
But, he, knoweth the way that I choose, Having tried me, as gold, I shall come forth.
Neither gold nor crystal can compare with it, nor can, the exchange thereof, be a vessel of pure gold,
Out of the north, a golden light cometh, Upon GOD, is fearful splendour:
Receive my correction, and not silver, and knowledge, rather than choicest gold.
His legs, pillars of white marble, founded on sockets of gold, - His form, like Lebanon, choice as cedars:
How is dimmed the gold! changed the most fine gold! Poured out are the stones of the sanctuary, at the top of all the streets.
Hastings
Morish
The well-known precious metal. It was discovered very early. Ge 2:11-12. It was purified by fire. Pr 17:3; Zec 13:9; and we read of 'choice gold,' 'fine gold,' 'pure gold.' Precious things are compared with gold to show their value. Ps 119:72,127. It was extensively used in the tabernacle and in the temple; some things being made of gold, and others being overlaid with it. For fabrics the gold was beaten into thin plates and cut into wires to be woven with the blue, the purple, and the fine twined linen. The heavenly Jerusalem is also described as of 'pure gold.' 21/18/type/emb'>Re 21:18,21. Being the most costly metal it is regarded as symbolical of what pertains to God, and as signifying divine righteousness. The Lord Jesus counselled the poor Laodiceans to buy of Him 'gold tried in the fire,' that they might be rich. Re 3:18.
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The name of the one, is Pishon, - the same, is that which surroundeth all the land of Havilah, where is gold; moreover the gold of that and, is good, - there, is the bdellium, and the beryl stone,
Blessed art thou, O Yahweh - Teach me thy statutes.
Better to me, is the law of thy mouth, than thousands of gold and silver.
Fining-pot for silver, crucible for gold, but, he that trieth hearts, is Yahweh.
And I will bring the third into the fire, and will smelt them as one smelteth silver, and will try them, as one trieth gold, - It, will call upon my name, and, I, will answer it, and will say, My people, it is! and, it, will say, Yahweh, is my God!
I counsel thee to buy of me, gold refined by fire, that thou mayest become rich, - and white raiment, that thou mayest array thyself, and, the shame of thy nakedness, may not be made manifest, - and eye-salve, to anoint thine eyes, that thou mayest see.
And, the structure of the wall thereof, was jasper, and, the city, was pure gold, like unto pure glass.
and, the twelve gates, were twelve pearls, - each one of the gates, severally, was of one pearl; and, the broadway of the city, was pure gold, as transparent glass.
Smith
Gold.
Gold was known from the very earliest times.
It was at first used chiefly for ornaments, etc.
Coined money was not known to the ancients till a comparatively late period; and on the Egyptian tombs gold is represented as being weighed in rings for commercial purposes. Comp.
Gold was extremely abundant in ancient times,
1Ch 22:14; 2Ch 1:15; 9:9; Da 3:1; Na 2:9
but this did not depreciate its value, because of the enormous quantities consumed by the wealthy in furniture, etc.
10 passim;
The chief countries mentioned as producing gold are Arabia, Sheba and Ophir.
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The name of the one, is Pishon, - the same, is that which surroundeth all the land of Havilah, where is gold;
And it came to pass when the camels had done drinking, that the man took a ring of gold, half a shekel its weight, - and two bracelets for her hands, ten of gold their weight;
And it came to pass when we had entered into the inn, that we opened our sacks, and lo! the silver of each man, in the mouth of his sack, - our silver in its full weight, - so we have bought it back in our hand!
yea, all the house, overlaid he with gold, until he had made all the house into one whole, - even all the altar that was by the shrine, overlaid he with gold.
Lo! then, in my humiliation, have I prepared for the house of Yahweh, of gold a hundred thousand talents, and of silver a thousand thousand talents, and, as for bronze and iron, without weight, for, an abundance, hath it become, - timber also and stone, have I prepared, and, thereunto, thou canst add.
white stuff, cotton and blue, being held fast with cords of fine linen and purple, upon rods of silver, and pillars of white marble, - the couches being of gold and silver, upon a pavement of alabaster and white marble, and pearl and black marble.
It cannot be put into the scales against the gold of Ophir, with costly onyx, or sapphire;
A palanquin, King Solomon made himself, of the trees of Lebanon: The supports thereof, made he of silver, the couch thereof, of gold, the seat thereof, of purple, - the midst thereof, hath an inlay of love from the daughters of Jerusalem.
Silver spread into plates, from Tarshish is brought, And gold, from Uphaz, Work for the craftsman and for the hands of the smith, - Blue and purple, is their clothing, Work for the skilled, are they all.
Nebuchadnezzar the king, made an image of gold, the height thereof, sixty cubits, the breadth thereof, six cubits, - he set it up in the valley of Dura, in the province of Babylon.
Plunder silver, plunder gold, - and there is no end to the costly furnishing, rich with every article of delight.
Watsons
GOLD, ???, Ge 24:22, and very frequently in all other parts of the Old Testament; ??????, Mt 23:16-17, &c; the most perfect and valuable of the metals. In Job 28:15-19, gold is mentioned five times, and four of the words are different in the original:
1. ????, which may mean "gold in the mine," or "shut up," as the root signifies, "in the ore,"
2. ???, kethem, from ???, catham, "to sign," "seal," or "stamp;" gold made current by being coined; standard gold, exhibiting the stamp expressive of its value.
3. ???, wrought gold, pure, highly polished gold.
4. ??, denoting solidity, compactness, and strength; probably gold formed into different kinds of plate, or vessels. Jerom, in his comment on Jer 10:9, writes "Septem dominibus apud Hebraeos appellatur aurum."
The seven names, which he does not mention, are as follows, and thus distinguished by the Hebrews:
1. Zahab, gold in general. 2. Zahab tob, good gold, of a more valuable kind, Ge 2:12. 3. Zahab Ophir, gold of Ophir, 1Ki 9:28, such as was brought by the navy of Solomon. 4. Zahab muphaz, solid gold, pure, wrought gold, translated, 1Ki 10:18, "the best gold." 5. Zahab shachut, beaten gold, 2Ch 9:15. 6. Zahab segor, shut up gold; either as mentioned above, gold in the ore, or as the rabbins explain it, "gold shut up in the treasuries," gold in bullion.
7. Zahab parvaim, 2Ch 3:6. To these Buxtorf adds three others: 1. ???, pure gold of the circulating medium. 2. ???, gold in the treasury.
3. ????, choice, fine gold. Arabia had formerly its golden mines. "The gold of Sheba," Ps 72:15, is, in the Septuagint and Arabic versions, "the gold of Arabia." Sheba was the ancient name of Arabia Felix.
Mr. Bruce, however, places it in Africa, at Azab. The gold of Ophir, so often mentioned, must be that which was procured in Arabia, on the coast of the Red Sea. We are assured by Sanchoniathon, as quoted by Eusebius, and by Herodotus, that the Phenicians carried on a considerable traffic with this gold even before the days of Job, who speaks of it, 22:24.
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moreover the gold of that and, is good, - there, is the bdellium, and the beryl stone,
And it came to pass when the camels had done drinking, that the man took a ring of gold, half a shekel its weight, - and two bracelets for her hands, ten of gold their weight;
and they came to Ophir, and fetched from thence, gold, four hundred and twenty talents, - and brought it to King Solomon.
And the king made a great throne of ivory, - and overlaid it with gold from Uphaz.
And he covered the house with precious stones, for beauty, - and, the gold, was gold of Parvaim.
And King Solomon made two hundred shields of beaten gold, - six hundred shekels of beaten gold, overlay one shield;
Pure gold cannot be given in its stead, neither can silver he weighed as the value thereof; It cannot be put into the scales against the gold of Ophir, with costly onyx, or sapphire; read more. Neither gold nor crystal can compare with it, nor can, the exchange thereof, be a vessel of pure gold, Coral or crystal, cannot be mentioned, Yea, a possession, is wisdom, above red coral; The topaz of Ethiopia cannot compare with it, Against purest gold, can it not be weighed.
Let him live, then! And be there given unto him of the gold of Sheba, - Let prayer also be offered for him continually, All the day, let him be blessed.
Silver spread into plates, from Tarshish is brought, And gold, from Uphaz, Work for the craftsman and for the hands of the smith, - Blue and purple, is their clothing, Work for the skilled, are they all.
Alas for you, blind guides! that say - Whosoever shall swear by the Temple, it is, nothing, but, whosoever shall swear by the gold of the Temple, is bound: Foolish and blind! for which is, greater, The gold, or the Temple that hath hallowed the gold?