Reference: Testament
American
In Scripture, usually signifies covenant, and not a man's last will, Mt 26:28. Both meanings are blended, however, in Heb 9:16-17. Paul speaks of the New Testament, or covenant, in the blood of the Redeemer; and calls the law the old covenant, and the gospel the new covenant, 1Co 1-16; 11:25; 2Co 3:6,14; Heb 7:22; 10; 12:24. See BIBLE, and COVENANT.
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For, this, is my blood of the covenant, which, for many, is to be poured out, for remission of sins.
Who also hath made us sufficient to be ministers of a new covenant - not of letter, but of spirit, for, the letter, killeth, whereas, the Spirit, maketh alive.
But their thoughts were turned into stone: for, until this very day, the same veil, upon the reading of the old covenant, abideth, not to be removed, because, in Christ, it is to be done away;
By as much as this, hath, Jesus, become surety of a better covenant also.
For, where a covenant is, it is necessary for, the death, to be brought in, of him that hath covenanted; For, a covenant over dead persons, is firm, - since it is not then of force when he is living that hath covenanted.
And unto the mediator of a new covenant, Jesus, - and unto the blood of sprinkling, more excellently speaking, than, Abel.
Easton
occurs twelve times in the New Testament (Heb 9:15, etc.) as the rendering of the Gr. diatheke, which is twenty times rendered "covenant" in the Authorized Version, and always so in the Revised Version. The Vulgate translates incorrectly by testamentum, whence the names "Old" and "New Testament," by which we now designate the two sections into which the Bible is divided. (See Bible.)
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And, for this cause, of a new covenant, is he mediator, - to the end that, death coming to pass for the redemption of the transgressions against the first covenant, the called might receive the promise of the age-abiding inheritance;
Fausets
(See COVENANT; HEIR; WILLS.)
Hastings
The word is not found in the OT. In the text of the RV of the NT it occurs only twice (Heb 9:16 f.) and is used to translate the Gr. word diath
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To perform mercy with our fathers, and to be mindful of his holy covenant, -
And said unto him - Get thee forth, out of thy land, and from among thy kindred, and come unto the land which, unto thee, I will point out.
And, this, for them, is the covenant from me, as soon as I take away their sins.
Brethren! in human fashion, am I speaking: yet still, a man's confirmed covenant, no one setteth aside or addeth unto:
And, for this cause, of a new covenant, is he mediator, - to the end that, death coming to pass for the redemption of the transgressions against the first covenant, the called might receive the promise of the age-abiding inheritance;
And, for this cause, of a new covenant, is he mediator, - to the end that, death coming to pass for the redemption of the transgressions against the first covenant, the called might receive the promise of the age-abiding inheritance; For, where a covenant is, it is necessary for, the death, to be brought in, of him that hath covenanted;
For, where a covenant is, it is necessary for, the death, to be brought in, of him that hath covenanted;
For, where a covenant is, it is necessary for, the death, to be brought in, of him that hath covenanted; For, a covenant over dead persons, is firm, - since it is not then of force when he is living that hath covenanted. read more. Whence, not even the first, apart from blood, hath been consecrated; For, when every commandment according to the law had been spoken by Moses unto all the people, taking the blood of the calves and the goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, both, the scroll itself, and all the people, he sprinkled; Saying - This, is the blood of the covenant which, God, hath sent in command unto you:
Morish
See COVENANT, THE NEW.
Watsons
TESTAMENT. The property or estate of the father fell, after his decease, into the possession of his sons, who divided it among themselves equally, with this exception, that the eldest son had two portions. The father expressed his last wishes or will in the presence of witnesses, and probably in the presence of the heirs, 2Ki 20:1. At a more recent period the will was made out in writing. The portion that was given to the sons of concubines depended altogether upon the feelings of the father. Abraham gave presents, to what amount is not known, both to Ishmael and to the sons whom he had by Keturah, and sent them away before his death. It does not appear that they had any other portion in the estate. But Jacob made the sons whom he had by his concubines heirs as well as the others, Ge 21:8-21; 25:1-6; 49:1-27. Moses laid no restrictions upon the choice of fathers in this respect; and we should infer that the sons of concubines, for the most part, received an equal share with the other sons, from the fact, that Jephtha, the son of a concubine, complained that he was excluded without any portion from his father's house, Jg 11:1-7. The daughters not only had no portion in the estate, but, if they were unmarried, were considered as making a part of it, and were sold by their brothers into matrimony. If they had no brothers, or if they had died, the daughters then took the estate, Nu 27:1-8. If any one died intestate, and without offspring, the property was disposed of according to Nu 27:8-11. The servants or the slaves in a family could not claim any share in the estate as a right; but the person who made a will, might, if he chose, make them his heirs, Ge 15:3. Indeed, in some instances, those who had heirs, recognized as such by law, did not deem it unbecoming to bestow the whole or a portion of their estates on faithful and deserving servants, Pr 17:2. The widow of the deceased, like his daughters, had no legal right to a share in the estate. The sons, however, or other relations, were bound to afford her an adequate maintenance, unless it had been otherwise arranged in the will. She sometimes returned back again to her father's house, particularly if the support which the heirs gave her was not such as had been promised, or was not sufficient, Ge 38:11. See also the story of Ruth. The prophets very frequently, and undoubtedly not without cause, exclaim against the neglect and injustice shown to widows, Isa 1:17; 10:2; Jer 7:6; 22:3; Eze 22:7; Ex 22:22-24; De 10:18; 24:17.
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And Abram said - Lo, to me, hast thou not given seed, -
And the child grew, and was weaned, - and Abraham made a great banquet, on the day of the weaning of Isaac. And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian woman whom she had borne to Abraham laughing! read more. So she said to Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son, - for the son of this bondwoman must not inherit with my son with Isaac. And the word was very grievous in the eyes of Abraham, - on account of his son. And God said unto Abraham Let it not be grievous in thine eyes concerning the boy and concerning thy bondwoman, In all that Sarah may say unto thee, hearken to her voice, - For in Isaac, shall there be called to thee - a seed. Yet even the son of the bondwoman, will I appoint to become, a nation, because thy seed, he is. So Abraham rose up early in the morning - and took bread and a skin of water and gave unto hagar, - putting them on her shoulder and the child, and sent her forth, - so she went her way and wandered, in the desert of Beer-sheba. And the water out of the skin was spent, - so she cant the child under one of the shrubs; and went and sat her down over against him at a distance like as of such as draw the bow, for she said Let me not look upon the death of the child, - So she sat down over against him, and the boy lifted up his voice, and wept And God heard the voice of the boy, and a messenger of God called unto Hagar out of the heavens; and said to her, What aileth thee, Hagar? Do not fear, for God hath hearkened unto the voice of the boy where he is. Arise lift up the boy, and hold him up with thy hand, - for, a great nation, will I make him. And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water, - and went and filled the skin with water, and gave drink unto the boy And it came to pass that God was with the boy, and he grew, - and dwelt in the desert, and he became as he grew up, an archer, And he dwelt in the desert of Paran, - and his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt.
And Abraham took another wife and her name, was Keturah; and she bare to him Zimran, and Yokshan, and Medan, and Midian, - and Ishbak, and Shuah. read more. And, Yokshan, begat Sheba and Dedan, - and, the sons of Dedan, were Asshurim and Letushim, and Leummim. And the sons of Midian, Ephah and Epher and Hanoch, and Abida. and Eldaah, - all these, were the sons of Keturah. And Abraham gave all that he had to Isaac; but, to the sons of the concubines whom Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts, - and then sent them away from Isaac his son while he himself yet lived, eastward unto the land of the east.
Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter-in-law - Remain a widow in the house of thy father until Shelah my son grow up. For he said, Lest, he also, die, like his brethren. So Tamar went her way, and remained in the house of her father.
Then called Jacob unto his sons, - and said - Gather yourselves together, and let me tell you, that which shall befall you in the afterpart of the days. Assemble yourselves and hear ye sons of Jacob, - And hearken unto Israel your father! read more. Reuben, my first-born, thou, My vigour, and the first-fruit of my strength, - Pre-eminence of elevation and pre-eminence of power: Boiling over like water, thou mayest not have pre-eminence, Because thou didst mount the bed of thy father, - Then, wast thou profane - My marriage-bed, he mounted! Simeon and Levi, are brethren, - Instruments of violence, are their agreements: Into their circle, do not thou enter my soul! In their convocation, do not thou join mine honour! For in their anger, they slew brave men, And in their wantonness, they hamstrung oxen. Accursed, be their anger, because fierce, And their wrath because cruel, - I divide them in Jacob, And I disperse them in Israel. Judah, as for thee, thy brethren shall praise thee when thy hand is on the neck of thy foes, - The sons of thy father, shall bow them-selves down to thee: A lion's whelp, is Judah, From the prey, my son hast thou come up! He hath stooped - hath crouched As a lion - or as a lioness, Who shall rouse him? The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, Nor the commanders staff a from between his feet, - Until that he come in as a Shiloh, And, his, be the obedience of the peoples: Binding, to the vine, his ass, And to the choice vine his ass's colt, He hath washed in wine his raiment, And in the blood of grapes, his mantle: Darker - his eyes, than wine, - Whiter - his teeth than milk! Zebulon, by a haven of seas, shall he settle down, - Even he, by a haven of ships, With his utmost part upon b Zidon. Issachar, an ass of strength, - couching between the pens; Then beholdeth he rest, that it is good, And the ground that it is pleasant, - So he bendeth his shoulder to bear, And becometh a tributary servant. Dan, shall vindicate his people, - as one of the tribes of Israel; It cometh to pass that, Dan, is a serpent upon the way, A horned viper, upon the path, - That biteth the heels of the horse, And his rider falleth backwards: - For thy salvation, have I waited O Yahweh! Gad! a troop shall troop on him, - But, he, shall troop on the rear. Out of Asher, fatness, is his feed, - So, he, setteth forth dainties for a king. Naphtali, is a slender hind, - That putteth forth antlers of beauty. A fruitful bough, is Joseph, A fruitful bough over a fountain, - Branches creeping over a wail. So they attack him and have shot, - So they enclose him, do the masters of arrows. But abideth, as an enduring one, his bow, And supple are the arms of his hands, - From the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob, From thence, is the Shepherd the Stone of Israel: From the GOD of thy father who doth help thee And GOD Almighty who doth bless thee, Blessings of the heavens, above, Blessings of the abyss, couching beneath, - Blessings of breasts and womb: The blessings of thy father, have prevailed, Over the blessings of the perpetual mountains, The charm of the age-abiding hills, - They turn out to be, for the head of Joseph, And for the crown of the head of him who was set apart from his brethren. Benjamin a wolf that teareth in pieces, In the morning, he eateth prey, And at eventide, he divideth spoil.
Neither widow nor fatherless, shalt thou humiliate: if thou, do humiliate, him, when he in anywise crieth out unto me, I will, surely hear, his outcry: read more. so shall kindle mine anger, and I will slay you with the sword, - and your wives, shall become widows, and your, sons fatherless.
Then came near the daughters of Zelophehad, son of Hepher, son of Gilead son of Machir son of Manasseh pertaining to the families of Manasseh, son of Joseph, - these being the names of his daughters, Mahlah Noah and Hoglah and Milcah, and Tirzah. So they stood before Moses and before Eleazar the priest, and before the princes, and all the assembly, - at the entrance of the tent of meeting, saying: read more. Our father, died in the desert, although, he, was not among the assembly that conspired against Yahweh, in the assembly of Korah, - but, in his own sin, died he; and sons, had he none. Wherefore should the name of our father be withdrawn out of the midst of his family, because he had no son? Give ye unto us a possession, ill the midst of the brethren of our father. And Moses brought near their cause before Yahweh.
A right thing, are the daughters of Zelophehad speaking: Thou shalt, surely give, them a possession for an inheritance, in the midst of the brethren of their father, - and shalt cause the inheritance of their father to pass over unto them. And unto the sons of Israel, shalt thou speak, saying, - When, any man, shall die, having no son, then shall ye cause his inheritance to pass over to his daughter.
And unto the sons of Israel, shalt thou speak, saying, - When, any man, shall die, having no son, then shall ye cause his inheritance to pass over to his daughter. And, if he hath no daughter, then shall ye give his inheritance unto his, brethren. read more. And if he hath no brethren, then shall ye give his inheritance unto the brethren of his father. And, if his father hath no brethren, then shall ye give his inheritance unto his blood-relation that is near unto him of his family, and he shall possess it, - So shall it serve the sons of Israel as a regulative statute, As Yahweh commanded Moses.
executing the vindication of the orphan and the widow, - and loving sojourner, giving him food and raiment.
Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the sojourner or the fatherless, - neither shalt thou take in pledge the garment of a widow;
Now, Jephthah the Gileadite, was a mighty man of valour, but, he, was the son of an unchaste woman, - yet Gilead was the father of Jephthah. And the wife of Gilead bare him sons, - and, when the wife's sons grew up, they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him - Thou shalt not inherit with the house of our father, for, son of an alien woman, art thou. read more. So Jephthah fled from the face of his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob, - and there gathered about Jephthah unemployed men, who went forth with him. And so it came to pass, after a time, - that the sons of Ammon made war with Israel. When, therefore, it came to pass that the sons of Ammon made war with Israel, then went the elders of Gilead, to summon Jephthah out of the land of Tob. And they said to Jephthah, Oh! come and be our commander, - that we may do battle with the sons of Ammon. But Jephthah said to the elders of Gilead, Have not, ye, hated me, and thrust me out from the house of my father? Wherefore then, are ye come unto me, now, when ye are in distress?
In those days, was Hezekiah sick, unto death, - and Isaiah son of Amoz, the prophet, came unto him, and said unto him - Thus, saith Yahweh Set in order thy house, for, about to die, thou, art, and shalt not recover.
A prudent servant, shall rule over a son who causeth shame, and, in the midst of brothers, shall he share the inheritance.
Learn to do well - Seek justice, Correct the oppressor, - Vindicate the fatherless, Plead the cause of the widow,
Turning aside from judgment, the poor, And robbing, of justice, the oppressed of my people, - So that, widows, become, their spoil, And of the fatherless, they make prey.
The sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow, shall not oppress, And innocent blood, shall not shed in this place, - And after other gods, shall not walk to your own hurt,
Thus, saith Yahweh, - Execute ye justice, and righteousness, And deliver the robbed out of the hand of the oppressor, - But the sojourner the fatherless, and the widow, do not oppress neither commit violence, And the blood of the innocent, do not ye shed, in this place.
Father and mother, have they despised in thee, To the sojourner, have they dealt with oppression in the midst of thee, - The fatherless and the widow, have they maltreated in thee: