Reference: James
American
Surnamed the greater, or the elder, to distinguish him from James the younger, was one of the twelve apostles, brother of John the evangelist, and son of Zebedee and Salome, Mt 4:21; 27:56. Compare Mr 15:40. James was of Bethsaida in Galilee, and left his earthly occupation to follow Christ, Mr 1:29,20. His mother Salome was one of those women who occasionally attended our Savior in his journeys, and one day desired that her two sons might be seated at his right and left hand in the kingdom, Mt 20:20-23.
James and John were originally fishermen, with Zebedee their father, Mr 1:19. They were witnesses of our Lord's transfiguration, Mt 17:1-2; and when certain Samaritans refused to receive him, James and John wished for fire from heaven to consume them, Lu 9:54. For this reason, or because of their zeal and energy as ministers of Christ, the name of Boanerges, or sons of thunder, was afterwards given to them, Mr 3:17. Together with Peter they appear to have enjoyed special honors and privileges among the disciples, Mr 1:29; 5:37; 9:2; 13:3; 14:33; Lu 8:51. After the ascension of our Lord, at which James was present, he appears to have remained at Jerusalem, and was put to death by Herod, about A. D. 44, the first martyr among the apostles, Ac 12:1-2.
Another apostle, son of Alphaeus, or Cleophas, Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15. His mother's name was Mary, (3) and his brethren were Joses and Judas, (3) Mt 27:56; Mr 15:40. He is here called THE LESS, or the younger, to distinguish him from James the son of Zebedee.
The Lord's brother, Ga 1:19; either a brother a Christ, being a son of Joseph and Mary; or as many think, a cousin of Christ, and identical with the James above, 2. He resided at Jerusalem, Ac 15:13; and is called "the Just" by Josephus, and said to have been stoned to death, about A. D. 62. The epistle of James is ascribed to him by those who distinguish him from James the Less. The question of his true relationship to Christ is involved in much doubt. The gospels repeatedly mention James, Joses, Juda, and Simon, as "brothers" of our Lord, and speak in the same connection of his "mother" and his "sisters," Mt 12:46; 13:56; Mr 3:31; 6:3; Lu 8:19; moreover, the inspired writers expressly distinguish the brothers of Christ from the apostles both James the Less and Jude, Joh 2:12; 7:3-10; Ac 1:13-14, thus furnishing strong reasons, as many believe, for the opinion that James the Just was literally a brother of our Lord.
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And going forward thence, he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them.
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James, the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus, called Thaddeus;
And while he was speaking to the multitudes, behold his mother and his brothers stood without, desiring to speak to him.
And are not his sisters all with us? Whence then has this man all these things?
AND after six days Jesus took Peter, and James, and John, his brother, and led them up on a high mountain by themselves. And he was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his garments were white as the light.
Then came to him the mother of Zebedee's children with her sons, worshipping, and asking a certain thing of him. And he said to her, What do you wish? She said to him, Say that these my two sons shall sit, one on your right hand, and the other on your left, in your kingdom. read more. But Jesus answered and said, You know not what you ask. Can you drink of the cup of which I am about to drink? They said to him, We can. He said to them; you shall drink indeed of my cup; but to sit on my right hand, and on my left, is not mine to give, but to those for whom it is prepared by my Father.
among whom were Mary the Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
among whom were Mary the Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
And proceeding a little further on he saw James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; and they were in the ship mending the nets; and he immediately called them. And leaving their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired men, they went away after him.
And going immediately out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew with James and John;
And going immediately out of the synagogue, they came into the house of Simon and Andrew with James and John;
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James??nd he gave them the names of Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder??18 and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alpheus, and Thaddeus, and Simon the Zealot,
Then came his brothers and his mother, and standing without, sent to him to call him.
And he permitted no man to accompany him except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
Is not this the carpenter? the son of Mary? and a brother of James, and Joset, and Judas, and Simon? And are not his sisters here with us? And they were offended with him.
AND after six days Jesus took Peter, and James, and John, and brought them up on a high mountain by themselves alone, and was transfigured before them;
And as he sat on the mount of Olives, opposite to the temple, Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, asked him privately,
And he took Peter, and James, and John with him, and began to be amazed and dejected.
And the women also saw from afar, among whom were Mary the Magdalene and Mary the mother of James the less, and of Joset, and Salome,
And the women also saw from afar, among whom were Mary the Magdalene and Mary the mother of James the less, and of Joset, and Salome,
And his mother and brothers came to him, and were not able to approach him on account of the multitude.
And when he entered into the house, he permitted no one to go in with him, except Peter, and John, and James, and the father and mother of the child.
And his disciples James and John seeing it, said, Lord, do you wish us to call fire to come down from heaven and consume them?
After this he went down to Capernaum, he and his mother, and his brothers, and his disciples, and remained there a few days.
Then his brothers said to him, Go down from here, and go into Judea, that your disciples also may see your works which you do; for no one does any thing in secret, and seeks himself to be in public. If you do these things, show yourself to the world. read more. For his brothers did not believe on him. Then Jesus said to them, My time has not yet come, but your time is always ready. The world cannot hate you, but me it hates, because I testify of it that its works are evil. Do you go up to the feast; I go not up to this feast, because my time has not yet fully come. Having said these things he continued in Galilee. But when his brothers had gone up, then he also went up to the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret.
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James. All these continued with one accord in prayer, with the women, and with Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers.
AND at that time Herod the king put forth his hands to injure some of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
And after they were silent, James answered, saying, Men and brothers, hear me.
and I saw no other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
Easton
(1.) The son of Zebedee and Salome; an elder brother of John the apostle. He was one of the twelve. He was by trade a fisherman, in partnership with Peter (Mt 20:20; 27:56). With John and Peter he was present at the transfiguration (Mt 17:1; Mr 9:2), at the raising of Jairus's daughter (Mr 5:37-43), and in the garden with our Lord (Mr 14:33). Because, probably, of their boldness and energy, he and John were called Boanerges, i.e., "sons of thunder." He was the first martyr among the apostles, having been beheaded by King Herod Agrippa (Ac 12:1-2), A.D. 44. (Comp. Mt 4:21; 20:20-23).
(2.) The son of Alphaeus, or Cleopas, "the brother" or near kinsman or cousin of our Lord (Ga 1:18-19), called James "the Less," or "the Little," probably because he was of low stature. He is mentioned along with the other apostles (Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15). He had a separate interview with our Lord after his resurrection (1Co 15:7), and is mentioned as one of the apostles of the circumcision (Ac 1:13). He appears to have occupied the position of head of the Church at Jerusalem, where he presided at the council held to consider the case of the Gentiles (Ac 12:17; 15:13-28:31; 21:18-24). This James was the author of the epistle which bears his name.
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And going forward thence, he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them.
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James, the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus, called Thaddeus;
AND after six days Jesus took Peter, and James, and John, his brother, and led them up on a high mountain by themselves.
Then came to him the mother of Zebedee's children with her sons, worshipping, and asking a certain thing of him.
Then came to him the mother of Zebedee's children with her sons, worshipping, and asking a certain thing of him. And he said to her, What do you wish? She said to him, Say that these my two sons shall sit, one on your right hand, and the other on your left, in your kingdom. read more. But Jesus answered and said, You know not what you ask. Can you drink of the cup of which I am about to drink? They said to him, We can. He said to them; you shall drink indeed of my cup; but to sit on my right hand, and on my left, is not mine to give, but to those for whom it is prepared by my Father.
among whom were Mary the Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
And he permitted no man to accompany him except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James. And they came to the house of the synagogue ruler, and saw the tumult, and the people weeping and lamenting much. read more. And he went in and said to them, Why do you make a tumult and weep? the little child is not dead, but sleeps. And they derided him. And putting them all out, he took the father and mother of the little child, and those with him, and went in where the little child was; and taking the hand of the little child, he said to her, Talitha cum, which is interpreted, Girl, I tell you arise; and immediately the girl arose and walked about, for she was twelve years old. And they were astonished with great astonishment. And he charged them strictly that no one should know it, and directed that food should be given her.
AND after six days Jesus took Peter, and James, and John, and brought them up on a high mountain by themselves alone, and was transfigured before them;
And he took Peter, and James, and John with him, and began to be amazed and dejected.
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James.
AND at that time Herod the king put forth his hands to injure some of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
And making signs to them with his hand to be silent, he related how the Lord had conducted him out of the prison, and said, Tell these things to James and the brothers. And going out he departed to another place.
And after they were silent, James answered, saying, Men and brothers, hear me. Simeon has related how God first visited the gentiles to take a people for his name. read more. And with this agree the words of the prophets, as it is written, After this will I return and build up the tabernacle of David which had fallen down, and rebuild its ruins, and set it up, that the rest of men may seek the Lord, even all the nations on whom my name has been called, says the Lord who does these things, known from eternity. Wherefore I judge that we ought not to trouble those who turned to God from the gentiles, but to send to them to abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and fornication, and things strangled, and blood. For Moses from ancient times has those who preach him in every city, being read in the synagogues every sabbath. Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders, with all the assembly [the church], to send delegates from themselves to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas, Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brothers, writing by their hand, The apostles and elders and brothers, to the brothers in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, who are of the gentiles, greeting. Since we heard that some going out from us have troubled you with words subverting your souls, to whom we gave no charge, it seemed good to us, being of one opinion, to send delegates to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas, and they will tell you the same things by word. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to put no greater burden upon you except these necessary things;
And on the following day Paul went with us to James, and all the elders were present. And having saluted them, he related particularly what God had done among the gentiles by his ministry; read more. and having heard, they glorified God, and said to him, You see, brother, how many ten thousands there are of those who have believed, among the Jews, and all are zealots of the law; and they have been informed of you, that you teach all the Jews among the gentiles to apostatize from Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children, nor to walk according to the customs. What then is [to be done]? They will hear everywhere that you have come. Do this, therefore, which we tell you. We have four men having a vow upon them; take them and be purified with them, and pay their expenses, that they may shave their heads, and all will know that the information which they have of you is not correct, but that you walk also yourself keeping the law.
Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas, and staid with him fifteen days; and I saw no other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
Fausets
Jacob in Greek; the name appearing in our Lord's apostles and contemporaries for the first time since the patriarch. Son of Zebedee, brother of John. Their father's "hired servants" and fishing vessel imply some degree of competence. John probably was the one with Andrew (Joh 1:35-41), who, on John the Baptist's pointing to the Lamb of God, followed Jesus. The words Andrew "first findeth his own brother Simon" imply that John secondly found and called his own brother James to Jesus, or vice versa. Some months later the Lord saw Zebedee, James, and John, in the ship mending their nets. At His call James and John "immediately left the ship and their father and followed Him" (Mt 4:22). Their LEAVING THEIR FATHER "WITH THE HIRED servants" (Mr 1:20, a minute particular, characteristic of Mark' s vivid style and his knowledge through Peter of all which happened) was not an unfilial act, which it would have been if he had no helpers.
The next call was after an unsuccessful night's fishing, when the fishermen had gone out of their ships and had washed (Lu 5:2, Vaticanus and Cambridge manuscripts read eplunon, "were washing"; the Sinaiticus and Paris manuscripts have epifainoo) their nets; Jesus entering one of the ships, Simon's, prayed him to thrust out a little from land, and preached. Then rewarding his loan of the ship, He desired Simon, Launch out into the deep, and do ye let down your nets for a draught. At Christ's word, however unlikely to reason, he let down, and enclosed so many fish that the net broke; and the partners in the other ship came to his help, and they filled both ships so that they began to sink. Astonished at the miracle, yet encouraged by His further promise to Simon, "henceforth thou shalt catch men," the three forsook not merely their "nets" as before, but "all," and followed Him. In fact the successive calls were:
(1) to friendly acquaintance (Joh 1:37);
(2) to intimacy (Mt 4:18);
(3) to permanent discipleship (Lu 5:11);
(4) (toward the close of the first year of our Lord's ministry) to apostleship (Mt 10:1);
(5) to renewed self dedication, even unto death (Joh 21:15-22).
In Matthew and Luke (Lu 6:14), of the four catalogs of apostles, Andrew follows Peter on the ground of brotherhood. (See APOSTLES.) In Mark (Mr 3:16) and Acts (Ac 1:13) James and John precede Andrew on the ground of greater nearness to Jesus. These four head the twelve; and Andrew is at the foot of the four. Peter, James, and John alone witnessed the raising of Jairus' daughter (Mr 5:37); also the transfiguration (Mt 17:1); also the agony (Mt 26:37). The four asked our Lord "privately" when His prediction of the temple's overthrow should be fulfilled, and what should be the sign (Mr 13:3). In Lu 9:28 (the transfiguration) alone John precedes James. By the time that Luke wrote John was recognized as on a level with James, yet not above him, as Luke in Ac 1:13 has the order, "James, John," but in Ac 12:2 Luke calls James brother of John, who by that time had become the more prominent.
James was probably the elder brother, whence John is twice called "brother of James" (Mr 5:37; Mt 17:1). No official superiority was given, for no trace of it occurs in New Testament; it was the tacitly recognized leadership which some took above the others. James and John were called Boanerges to express their natural character and the grace which would purify and ennoble it, making James the first apostle martyr and John the apostle of love. (See BOANERGES.) Their fiery zeal in its untempered state appeared in their desiring to call fire from heaven to consume the Samaritans. These would not receive Jesus when He sent messengers to make ready for Him (i.e. to announce His Messiahship, which He did not conceal in Samaria as in Judaea and Galilee: Joh 4:26; Lu 9:54), because His face was as though He would go to Jerusalem, whereas they expected the Messiah would confirm their anti-Jewish worship in the mount Gerizim temple.
James and John "saw" some actual collision between the Samaritans and the messengers who were sent before and whom our Lord and His apostles followed presently; just as Elijah in the same Samaria had called for fire upon the offenders face to face (2Ki 1:10,12). In Lu 9:55-56, "ye know not what manner of spirit ye are (not the fiery judicial spirit which befitted Elijah's times, but the spirit of love so as to win men to salvation, is the spirit of Me and Mine), for the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives but to save them," is not in Alex., Vat., and. Sin. manuscripts The same John subsequently (Ac 8:14-17) came down with Peter to confer the Spirit's gifts on Samaritan believers. What miracles in renewing the heart does the gospel work! Salome the mother of Zebedee's children, impressed by Christ's promise that the twelve should sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel, begged, and her two sons joined in the prayer, that they might sit one on His right the other on His left hand in His glory (Mr 10:35-37).
They prefaced it with pleading His own promise, "Master, we would that Thou shouldest do for us whatsoever we shall desire" (Mt 7:7; Lu 11:9; Mr 11:24). Perhaps jealousy of Peter and Andrew, their rivals for the nearest place to Him, actuated them (Mt 20:20-24). He told them that they should drink of His cup (Sin. and Vat. manuscripts omit in Mt 20:22-23 the clause as to the "baptism") of suffering (Ac 12:1-2; James; Re 1:9; John), but to sit on His right and left, said He, "is not Mine to give, except to those for whom it is prepared of My Father" (so the Greek). The ten were indignant at the claim. James was among those who abode in the upper room and persevered in prayer; the apostles, the women, and the Lord's brethren, after the ascension (Ac 1:13). In A. D. 44 Herod Agrippa I, a pliant politician but strict Jew, "very ambitious to oblige the people, exactly careful in the observance of the laws. and not allowing one day to pass without its appointed sacrifice" (Josephus, Ant. 19:7, section 3), in consonance with his well known character, "laid hands (Greek) on certain of the church."
The Passover had brought James and Peter to Jerusalem (Ac 12:1-3). So he took the opportunity just before the Passover to kill the most fiery of the two first, namely, "James the brother of John." "The sword" was the instrument of his execution, Herod preferring the Roman method to the Jewish punishment of seducers to strange worship, namely, stoning. Clement of Alexandria (Hypotyposeis, 7; Eusebius, H. E., 2:6) records a tradition that James's prosecutor was moved by his bold confession to declare himself a Christian on the spot; he begged James's forgiveness, and the apostle kissed him, saying "peace be to thee"; they were both beheaded together. A Roman Catholic legend says that he preached in Spain, and that his remains were transported to Compostella there!
James, surnamed "the Less" or "Little." Son of Mary (Mr 15:40; Mt 27:56; Lu 24:10). Brother of Jude (Jg 1:1; Lu 6:16; Ac 1:13). "The brother of the Lord" (Mt 13:55; Mr 6:3; Ga 1:19). "Son of Alphaeus" (Mt 10:3; Mr 3:18; Lu 6:15; Ac 1:13). Writer of the epistle; president of the church at Jerusalem (Jas 1:1; Ac 12:17; 15:13,19; Ga 2:9,12). Clopas (Alexandrinus and Vaticanus manuscripts, Joh 19:25) or Cleophas (Sinaiticus manuscript) is the Hebrew, Alphaeus the Greek, of the same name: he married Mary, sister of the Virgin Mary, and had by her James, Joses, Jude, and Simon, and three daughters (Mary is sometimes designated "mother of James and Joses," Mt 27:56, as these were the two oldest); he died before our Lord's ministry began, and his widow went to live with her sister the Virgin Mary, a widow also herself (for Joseph's name never occurs after Luke 2), at Nazareth (Mt 13:55), Capernaum (Joh 2:12), and Jerusalem (Ac 1:14).
Living together the cousins were regarded as "brothers" and "sisters" of Jesus. Being His elders, they went on one occasion to "lay hold on Him," saying that He was "beside Himself"; as He was so pressed by multitudes that He and His disciples "could not so much as eat bread," His cousin brethren thought they would restrain what seemed to them mad zeal (Mr 3:20-21,31-33). The stat
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And walking by the lake of Galilee he saw two brothers, Simon, called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the lake, for they were fishermen.
Ask, and it shall be given you. Seek, and you shall find. Knock, and it shall be opened to you.
AND calling his twelve disciples, he gave them power over impure spirits to cast them out, and to cure every disease and every infirmity.
Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James, the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus, called Thaddeus;
Is not this the carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not his brothers James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas?
Is not this the carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not his brothers James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas?
Is not this the carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not his brothers James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas?
AND after six days Jesus took Peter, and James, and John, his brother, and led them up on a high mountain by themselves.
AND after six days Jesus took Peter, and James, and John, his brother, and led them up on a high mountain by themselves.
Then came to him the mother of Zebedee's children with her sons, worshipping, and asking a certain thing of him. And he said to her, What do you wish? She said to him, Say that these my two sons shall sit, one on your right hand, and the other on your left, in your kingdom. read more. But Jesus answered and said, You know not what you ask. Can you drink of the cup of which I am about to drink? They said to him, We can.
But Jesus answered and said, You know not what you ask. Can you drink of the cup of which I am about to drink? They said to him, We can. He said to them; you shall drink indeed of my cup; but to sit on my right hand, and on my left, is not mine to give, but to those for whom it is prepared by my Father.
He said to them; you shall drink indeed of my cup; but to sit on my right hand, and on my left, is not mine to give, but to those for whom it is prepared by my Father. And the ten hearing this were displeased with the two brothers.
So also when you see all these things, know that [the Son of man] is nigh, at the doors.
And taking Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, he began to be sorrowful and dejected.
among whom were Mary the Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
among whom were Mary the Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
and he immediately called them. And leaving their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired men, they went away after him.
and again a multitude came together, so that they could not eat bread. And those with him hearing of it, went out to take him; for they said, He is beside himself.
Then came his brothers and his mother, and standing without, sent to him to call him. And a multitude sat around him. And they said to him, Behold your mother, and your brothers, and your sisters seek you without. read more. And he answered them and said, Who is my mother, or my brothers?
And he permitted no man to accompany him except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
And he permitted no man to accompany him except Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.
Is not this the carpenter? the son of Mary? and a brother of James, and Joset, and Judas, and Simon? And are not his sisters here with us? And they were offended with him.
Is not this the carpenter? the son of Mary? and a brother of James, and Joset, and Judas, and Simon? And are not his sisters here with us? And they were offended with him.
And James and John, sons of Zebedee, came to him, saying, Teacher, we wish you to do for us what we will ask of you. And he said to them, What do you wish me to do for you? read more. And they said to him, Grant us that we may sit one on your right hand, and the other on your left, in your glory.
Therefore I tell you, all things whatever which you ask in prayer, believe that you shall receive them, and you shall have them.
And as he sat on the mount of Olives, opposite to the temple, Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, asked him privately,
And the women also saw from afar, among whom were Mary the Magdalene and Mary the mother of James the less, and of Joset, and Salome,
he saw two boats standing by the lake; and the fishermen having gone out of them were washing their nets.
And bringing the ships to the land they left all and followed him.
Simon, whom he also named Peter, and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew, Matthew and Thomas, James, the son of Alpheus, and Simon called Zealot, read more. Judas the brother of James, and Judas Iscariot, who was the traitor,
AND about eight days after these words, taking Peter, and James, and John, he went up on the mountain to pray.
And his disciples James and John seeing it, said, Lord, do you wish us to call fire to come down from heaven and consume them? And he turned around and rebuked them; and they went to another village. read more. (Added verse not retained in Sawyer)
And I tell you, Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and you shall find; knock, and it shall be opened to you;
And they were the Magdalene Mary, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James, and the others with them, who told these things to the apostles.
On the next day John was again standing, and two of his disciples, and looking at Jesus as he walked, he said, Behold the Lamb of God. read more. And his two disciples heard him say this, and followed Jesus.
And his two disciples heard him say this, and followed Jesus. And Jesus turning around, and seeing them following, said to them, What do you seek? And they said to him, Rabbi, which interpreted signifies Teacher, where do you stay? read more. He said to them, Come and see. Then they went and saw where he staid, and staid with him that day; it was about the tenth hour. Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, was one of the two who heard from John, and followed him; he first found his brother Simon, and said to him, We have found the Messiah; which is interpreted, Christ [Anointed].
After this he went down to Capernaum, he and his mother, and his brothers, and his disciples, and remained there a few days.
Then his brothers said to him, Go down from here, and go into Judea, that your disciples also may see your works which you do; for no one does any thing in secret, and seeks himself to be in public. If you do these things, show yourself to the world. read more. For his brothers did not believe on him.
And there stood by the cross of Jesus, his mother, and the sister of his mother, Mary the wife of Cleopas, and Mary the Magdalene.
When therefore they had breakfasted, Jesus said to Simon Peter, Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these? He said to him, Yes, Lord, you know that I am a friend to you. He said to him, Feed my lambs. Again he said to him a second time; Simon, son of John, do you love me? He said to him, Yes, Lord, you know that I am a friend to you. He said to him, Feed my sheep. read more. He said to him a third time; Simon, son of John, are you a friend to me? Peter was grieved that he said to him the third time, Are you a friend to me? and he said to him, Lord you know all things; you know that I am a friend to you. Jesus said to him, Feed my sheep. I tell you most truly, that when you were young you girded yourself and walked where you would; but when you become old, you shall stretch out your hands and another shall bind you and carry you where you would not; but he said this signifying by what death he should glorify God; and having said this, he said to him, Follow me. And Peter turning around saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following, who also reclined at the supper on his breast and said, Lord, who is it that is to betray you? Peter seeing him said to Jesus, Lord, and what shall this man [do]? Jesus said to him, If I wish him to continue till I come, what is that to you? follow me.
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James.
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James.
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James.
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James.
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James. All these continued with one accord in prayer, with the women, and with Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers.
And the apostles at Jerusalem hearing that Samaria had received the word of God, sent to them Peter and John, who came down and prayed for them that they might receive the Holy Spirit; read more. for it had not yet fallen on any of them, only they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. Then they laid hands on them and they received the Holy Spirit.
And going to Jerusalem he endeavored to join the disciples; and they all feared him, not believing that he was a disciple. But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles, and related to them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how he had spoken boldly in Damascus in the name of Jesus.
But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles, and related to them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how he had spoken boldly in Damascus in the name of Jesus. And he was with them, entering in and going out at Jerusalem,
AND at that time Herod the king put forth his hands to injure some of the church.
AND at that time Herod the king put forth his hands to injure some of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. And seeing that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to apprehend Peter also,??nd it was during the days of unleavened bread,??4 and having seized he put him in prison, committing him to four companies of four soldiers each to guard him, wishing after the passover to bring him before the people.
And making signs to them with his hand to be silent, he related how the Lord had conducted him out of the prison, and said, Tell these things to James and the brothers. And going out he departed to another place.
And making signs to them with his hand to be silent, he related how the Lord had conducted him out of the prison, and said, Tell these things to James and the brothers. And going out he departed to another place.
And making signs to them with his hand to be silent, he related how the Lord had conducted him out of the prison, and said, Tell these things to James and the brothers. And going out he departed to another place.
And after they were silent, James answered, saying, Men and brothers, hear me.
And after they were silent, James answered, saying, Men and brothers, hear me.
Wherefore I judge that we ought not to trouble those who turned to God from the gentiles,
Wherefore I judge that we ought not to trouble those who turned to God from the gentiles,
And when we arrived at Jerusalem the brothers received us gladly. And on the following day Paul went with us to James, and all the elders were present.
And on the following day Paul went with us to James, and all the elders were present. And having saluted them, he related particularly what God had done among the gentiles by his ministry;
And having saluted them, he related particularly what God had done among the gentiles by his ministry; and having heard, they glorified God, and said to him, You see, brother, how many ten thousands there are of those who have believed, among the Jews, and all are zealots of the law; read more. and they have been informed of you, that you teach all the Jews among the gentiles to apostatize from Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children, nor to walk according to the customs. What then is [to be done]? They will hear everywhere that you have come. Do this, therefore, which we tell you. We have four men having a vow upon them; take them and be purified with them, and pay their expenses, that they may shave their heads, and all will know that the information which they have of you is not correct, but that you walk also yourself keeping the law. But concerning the gentiles who have believed, we have sent, judging that they should avoid things offered to idols, and blood, and things strangled, and fornication.
Have we not a right to lead about a sister, a wife, as also the other apostles; and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas?
Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas, and staid with him fifteen days; and I saw no other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
and I saw no other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
and I saw no other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
only [they wished] that we should remember the poor, which I was also forward to do. But when Peter came to Antioch I opposed him to his face, because he was to blame.
But when Peter came to Antioch I opposed him to his face, because he was to blame. For before some came from James he eat with the gentiles; but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself; fearing those of the circumcision;
For before some came from James he eat with the gentiles; but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself; fearing those of the circumcision;
For before some came from James he eat with the gentiles; but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself; fearing those of the circumcision;
For every chief priest taken from men is appointed in behalf of men over things relating to God, that he may offer gifts and sacrifices for sins,
Remember your guides who spoke to you the word of God, and considering the end of their life follow the faith.
JAMES, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes in the dispersion, greeting.
Come now, rich men, weep and lament for the miseries which are coming upon you.
Do you also have long patience, confirm your hearts, for the coming of the Lord is at hand. Complain not, brothers, against one another, that you be not judged; behold, the judge stands before the doors.
I, John, your brother and companion in the affliction and kingdom and patience in Christ Jesus, was in the island called Patmos on account of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.
Hastings
JAMES
1. James, the son of Zehedee, one of the Twelve, the elder brother of John. Their father was a Galil
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Then the devil took him into the holy city, and placed him on the pinnacle of the temple,
And going forward thence, he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them. And they immediately left the ship and their father, and followed him.
And the names of the twelve apostles are these; First, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother;
among whom were Mary the Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee.
And proceeding a little further on he saw James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; and they were in the ship mending the nets; and he immediately called them. And leaving their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired men, they went away after him.
and he immediately called them. And leaving their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired men, they went away after him.
And passing by he saw Levi, the son of Alpheus, sitting at the custom house, and said to him, Follow me; and he arose and followed him.
and James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James??nd he gave them the names of Boanerges, which is, Sons of thunder??18 and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alpheus, and Thaddeus, and Simon the Zealot,
And he called the twelve, and sent them out two and two, and gave them power over impure spirits;
And the women also saw from afar, among whom were Mary the Magdalene and Mary the mother of James the less, and of Joset, and Salome,
And the women also saw from afar, among whom were Mary the Magdalene and Mary the mother of James the less, and of Joset, and Salome,
And when the sabbath was passed, Mary the Magdalene and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, bought spices, that they might come and anoint him.
And he brought him to Jerusalem and placed him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to him, If you are the Son of God, cast yourself down from here;
So also were James and John, sons of Zebedee, who were partners with Simon. And Jesus said to Simon, Fear not; from this time you shall take men.
Simon, whom he also named Peter, and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew,
And there stood by the cross of Jesus, his mother, and the sister of his mother, Mary the wife of Cleopas, and Mary the Magdalene.
And there stood by the cross of Jesus, his mother, and the sister of his mother, Mary the wife of Cleopas, and Mary the Magdalene.
And there stood by the cross of Jesus, his mother, and the sister of his mother, Mary the wife of Cleopas, and Mary the Magdalene.
And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
And when they came to Jerusalem they were received by the church, and the apostles, and the elders, and related what things God had done with them. But some of those of the sect of the Pharisees who had believed, rose and said, that it is necessary to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses. read more. And the apostles and elders were assembled together to see about this matter. And after there had been much debate, Peter rose and said to them, Men and brothers, you know that in former days God chose among you that the gentiles should hear by my mouth the word of the gospel and believe. And the heart-searching God testified to them, giving to them the Holy Spirit even as to us, and made no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by the faith. Now, therefore, why do you try God, to put on the necks of the disciples a yoke which neither our fathers nor we could bear? But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus in the same manner as they. And all the multitude was silent, and heard Barnabas and Paul relate what miracles and prodigies God performed among the gentiles through them. And after they were silent, James answered, saying, Men and brothers, hear me. Simeon has related how God first visited the gentiles to take a people for his name. And with this agree the words of the prophets, as it is written, After this will I return and build up the tabernacle of David which had fallen down, and rebuild its ruins, and set it up, that the rest of men may seek the Lord, even all the nations on whom my name has been called, says the Lord who does these things, known from eternity. Wherefore I judge that we ought not to trouble those who turned to God from the gentiles, but to send to them to abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and fornication, and things strangled, and blood. For Moses from ancient times has those who preach him in every city, being read in the synagogues every sabbath. Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders, with all the assembly [the church], to send delegates from themselves to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas, Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brothers, writing by their hand, The apostles and elders and brothers, to the brothers in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, who are of the gentiles, greeting. Since we heard that some going out from us have troubled you with words subverting your souls, to whom we gave no charge, it seemed good to us, being of one opinion, to send delegates to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas, and they will tell you the same things by word. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to put no greater burden upon you except these necessary things; that you should abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and blood, and things strangled, and fornication, from which if you keep yourselves you will do well. Farewell. They, therefore, being dismissed went to Antioch, and assembling the multitude delivered the epistle. And reading it they rejoiced at the exhortation. And Judas and Silas being themselves also prophets, exhorted the brothers with much argument, and confirmed them. And having staid [some] time, they were dismissed in peace by the brothers to those that sent them. (Added verse not retained in Sawyer)
And on the following day Paul went with us to James, and all the elders were present. And having saluted them, he related particularly what God had done among the gentiles by his ministry;
Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas, and staid with him fifteen days; and I saw no other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
Then after fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking also Titus; and I went up by a revelation, and proposed to them the gospel which I preach to the gentiles, but privately to persons of distinction, lest I should run or had run in vain. read more. But Titus who was with me, and was a Greek, was not compelled to be circumcised; but on account of false brothers brought in secretly to act as spies against our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, to bring us into servitude, we did not yield to them by subjection, for an hour, that the truth of the gospel might continue with you. But from those of distinction, whatever they were it makes no difference to me,??od is partial to no man,??or those of distinction added nothing to me, but on the contrary seeing that I was intrusted with the gospel of the uncircumcision, as Peter was of the circumcision,??8 for he that operated in Peter for the apostleship of the circumcision, operated also in me for the gentiles,??9 and knowing the grace given me, James and Cephas and John, who were manifest pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship that we should go to the gentiles and they to the circumcision;
only [they wished] that we should remember the poor, which I was also forward to do.
JAMES, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes in the dispersion, greeting.
JUDAS, a servant of Jesus Christ, and brother of James, to the beloved in God the Father, and the called who are kept by Jesus Christ.
Smith
(the Greek form of Jacob, supplanter).
1. James the son of Zebedee, one of the twelve apostles. He was elder brother of the evangelist John. His mother's name was Salome. We first hear of him in A.D. 27,
when at the call of the Master he left all, and became, one and forever, his disciple, in the spring of 28.
Mt 10:2; Mr 3:14; Lu 6:13; Ac 1:13
It would seem to have been at the time of the appointment of the twelve apostles that the name of Boanerges was given to the sons of Zebedee. The "sons of thunder" had a burning and impetuous spirit, which twice exhibits itself.
Mr 10:37; Lu 9:54
On the night before the crucifixion James was present at the agony in the garden. On the day of the ascension he is mentioned as persevering with the rest of the apostles and disciples, in prayer.
Shortly before the day of the Passover, in the year 44, he was put to death by Herod Agrippa I.
2. James the son of Alpheus, one of the twelve apostles.
Whether or not this James is to be identified with James the Less, the son of Alphaeus, the brother of our Lord, is one of the most difficult questions in the gospel history. By comparing
and Mark 15:40 with John 19:25 we find that the Virgin Mary had a sister named, like herself, Mary, who was the wife of Clopas or Alpheus (varieties of the same name), and who had two sons, James the Less and Joses. By referring to
and Mark 6:3 we find that a James the Less and Joses, with two other brethren called Jude and Simon, and at least three sisters, were sisters with the Virgin Mary at Nazareth by referring to
Lu 6:16
and Acts 1:13 we find that there were two brethren named James and Jude among the apostles. It would certainly be natural to think that we had here but one family of four brothers and three or more sisters, the children of Clopas and Mary, nephews and nieces of the Virgin Mary. There are difficulties however, in the way of this conclusion into which we cannot here enter; but in reply to the objection that the four brethren in
are described as the brothers of Jesus, not as his cousins, it must be recollected that adelphoi, which is here translated "brethren," may also signify cousins.
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And the names of the twelve apostles are these; First, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James, the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James, the son of Alpheus, and Lebbeus, called Thaddeus;
Is not this the carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not his brothers James, and Joseph, and Simon, and Judas?
and he immediately called them. And leaving their father Zebedee in the ship with the hired men, they went away after him.
And he appointed twelve, that they should be with him, and that he might send them out to preach,
And they said to him, Grant us that we may sit one on your right hand, and the other on your left, in your glory.
And when it was day he called his disciples; and having chosen twelve of them, whom he named apostles,
And his disciples James and John seeing it, said, Lord, do you wish us to call fire to come down from heaven and consume them?
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James.
And when they came, they went up into the upper room where staid Peter and John, and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alpheus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the [brother] of James.
AND at that time Herod the king put forth his hands to injure some of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. read more. And seeing that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to apprehend Peter also,??nd it was during the days of unleavened bread,??4 and having seized he put him in prison, committing him to four companies of four soldiers each to guard him, wishing after the passover to bring him before the people.
Peter therefore was kept by the guard; but prayer was made incessantly by the church to God for him. And when Herod was about to bring him forward, on that night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, and guards kept watch before the door. read more. And behold, an angel of the Lord came, and a light shone in the building; and striking Peter on the side he awoke him saying, Arise quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands. And the angel said to him, Gird yourself, and tie on your sandals. And he did so. And he said to him, Put your cloak about you, and follow me. And going out he followed him, and knew not that it was real which was done by the angel, but thought he saw a vision. And passing through the first guard, and the second, they came to the iron gate leading into the city, which opened to them of itself, and going out they went forward one street, and immediately the angel left him. And Peter coming to himself said, Now I know that the Lord has really sent his angel and delivered me from the hand of Herod and all the expectation of the Jews. And considering within himself he came to the house of Mary the mother of John called Mark, where a great number were assembled together and praying. And knocking at the door of the gate, a female servant, called Rhoda, came to listen, and knowing the voice of Peter she did not open the gate from joy, but ran in and told that Peter stood before the gate. But they said to her, You are mad. But she asserted strongly that it was so. And they said, It is his angel. But Peter continued knocking; and having opened they saw him, and were astonished. And making signs to them with his hand to be silent, he related how the Lord had conducted him out of the prison, and said, Tell these things to James and the brothers. And going out he departed to another place. And when it was day there was no small stir among the soldiers as to what had become of Peter. And Herod seeking and not finding him, examined the guards, and commanded them to be put to death, and going down from Judea to Caesarea remained [there]. And he was displeased with the Tyrians and Sidonians; but they came with one accord to him, and having persuaded Blastus who was over the king's bedchamber, desired peace, because their country was nourished by the king's. And on an appointed day Herod having put on his royal apparel, and sitting on the tribunal, made a speech to them; and the people shouted, It is the voice of a god, and not of a man.
Watsons
JAMES, '???????, of the same import as Jacob. James, surnamed the greater, or the elder, to distinguish him from James the younger, was brother to John the evangelist, and son to Zebedee and Salome, Mt 4:21. He was of Bethsaida, in Galilee, and left all to follow Christ. Salome requested our Saviour, that her two sons, James and John, might sit at his right hand, when he should be in possession of his kingdom. Our Saviour answered, that it belonged to his heavenly Father alone to dispose of these places of honour, Mt 20:21. Before their vocation, James and John followed the trade of fishermen with their father Zebedee; and they did not quit their profession till our Saviour called them, Mr 1:18-19. They were witnesses of our Lord's transfiguration, Mt 17:2. When certain Samaritans refused to admit Jesus Christ, James and John wished for fire from heaven to consume them, Lu 9:54; and for this reason, it is thought, the name of Boanerges, or sons of thunder, was given them. Some days after the resurrection of our Saviour, James and John went to fish in the sea of Tiberias, where they saw Jesus. They were present at the ascension of our Lord. St. James is said to have preached to all the dispersed tribes of Israel; but for this there is only report. His martyrdom is related, Ac 12:1-2, about A.D. 42, or 44, for the date is not well ascertained. Herod Agrippa, king of the Jews, and grandson of Herod the Great, caused him to be seized and executed at Jerusalem. Clemens Alexandrinus informs us, that he who brought St. James before the judges was so much affected with his constancy in confessing Jesus Christ, that he also declared himself a Christian, and was condemned, as well as the Apostle, to be beheaded.
JAMES THE LESS, surnamed the brother of our Lord, Ga 1:19, was the son of Cleopas, otherwise called Alpheus, and Mary, sister to the blessed virgin; consequently, he was cousin-german to Jesus Christ. He was surnamed the Just, on account of the admirable holiness and purity of his life. He is said to have been a priest, and to have observed the laws of the Nazarites from his birth. Our Saviour appeared to James the less, eight days after his resurrection, 1Co 15:7. He was at Jerusalem, and was considered as a pillar of the church, when St. Paul first came thither after his conversion, Ga 1:19, A.D. 37. In the council of Jerusalem, held in the year 61, St. James gave his vote last; and the result of the council was principally formed from what St. James said, who, though he observed the ceremonies of the law, and was careful that others should observe them, was of opinion, that such a yoke was not to be imposed on the faithful converted from among the Heathens, Ac 15:13, &c.
James the less was a person of great prudence and discretion, and was highly esteemed by the Apostles and other Christians. Such, indeed, was his general reputation for piety and virtue, that, as we learn from Origen, Eusebius, and Jerom, Josephus thought, and declared it to be the common opinion, that the sufferings of the Jews, and the destruction of their city and temple, were owing to the anger of God, excited by the murder of James. This must be considered as a strong and remarkable testimony to the character of this Apostle, as it is given by a person who did not believe that Jesus was the Christ. The passages of Josephus, referred to by those fathers upon this subject, are not found in his works now extant.
JAMES, GENERAL EPISTLE OF. Clement of Rome and Hermas allude to this epistle; and it is quoted by Origen, Eusebius, Athanasius, Jerom, Chrysostom, Augustine, and many other fathers. But though the antiquity of this epistle had been always undisputed, some few formerly doubted its right to be admitted into the canon. Eusebius says, that in his time it was generally, though not universally, received as canonical; and publicly read in most, but not in all, churches; and Estius affirms, that after the fourth century, no church or ecclesiastical writer is found who ever doubted its authenticity; but that, on the contrary, it is included in all subsequent catalogues of canonical Scripture, whether published by councils, churches, or individuals. It has, indeed, been the uniform tradition of the church, that this epistle was written by James the Just; but it was not universally admitted till after the fourth century, that James the Just was the same person as James the less, one of the twelve Apostles; that point being ascertained, the canonical authority of this epistle was no longer doubted. It is evident that this epistle could not have been written by James the elder, for he was beheaded by Herod Agrippa in the year 44, and the errors and vices reproved in this epistle show it to be of a much later date; and the destruction of Jerusalem is also here spoken of as being very near at hand, Jas 5:8-9. It has always been considered as a circumstance very much in favour of this epistle, that it was found in the Syriac version, which was made as early as the end of the first century, and for the particular use of converted Jews,
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And going forward thence, he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them.
And he was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his garments were white as the light.
And he said to her, What do you wish? She said to him, Say that these my two sons shall sit, one on your right hand, and the other on your left, in your kingdom.
And immediately leaving their nets they followed him. And proceeding a little further on he saw James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; and they were in the ship mending the nets;
And his disciples James and John seeing it, said, Lord, do you wish us to call fire to come down from heaven and consume them?
AND at that time Herod the king put forth his hands to injure some of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword.
And after they were silent, James answered, saying, Men and brothers, hear me.
and I saw no other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
and I saw no other of the apostles except James, the Lord's brother.
Do you also have long patience, confirm your hearts, for the coming of the Lord is at hand. Complain not, brothers, against one another, that you be not judged; behold, the judge stands before the doors.