Reference: Eucharist
Hastings
This is the earliest title for the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ. It is found in Ignatius and the Didache, and is based upon the eucharistia or giving of thanks with which our Lord set apart the bread and wine at the Last Supper as memorials of Himself (Mt 26:27; Lu 22:17,19; 1Co 11:24). The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately derived from 1Co 11:20, is not there applied to the sacrament itself, but to the Love-feast or Agape, a meal commemorating the Last Supper, and not yet separated from the Eucharist when St. Paul wrote. The irregularities rebuked by the Apostle (1Co 11:21,29) are such as could only have accompanied the wider celebration, and doubtless contributed to the speedy separation of the essential rite from the unnecessary accessories. The title Communion comes from 1Co 10:16, where, however, the word is a predicate not used technically. The breaking of (the) bread (Ac 2:42,46) probably refers to the Eucharist (cf. Ac 20:7; Lu 24:35?), but until modern times does not seem to have been adopted as a title.
1. The institution is recorded by each of the Synoptic Gospels, but not by St. John. A fourth account appears in 1 Corinthians.
As they were eating, he took bread, and when he had blessed, he brake it, and gave to them, and said. Take ye: this is my body. And he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave to them: and they all drank of it. And he said unto them, This is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many. Verily I say unto you, I will no more drink of the fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
As they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it; and he gave to the disciples, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. And he took a cup, and gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; for this is my blood of the covenant, which is shed for many unto remission of sins. But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.
Lu 22:14-20.
When the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him. And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer: for I say unto you, I will not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves: for I say unto you, I will not drink from henceforth of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come. And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and gave to them, saying, This is my body [which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. And the cup in like manner after supper, saying. This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you].
I received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, how that the Lord Jesus in the night in which he was betrayed took bread; and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said. This is my body, which is for you: this do in remembrance of me. In like manner also the cup, after supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood: this do, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
A comparison shows variations of minor importance between Mark and Matthew. But the most remarkable differences are those of Luke, which mentions what is apparently a second cup. It seems scarcely credible that at a supreme moment, like that in which a sacred rite was being established, our Lord should have created the possibility of confusion by solemnly delivering two of the Paschal cups, dividing between them the words which, according to the other Synoptics, belong, as it would seem appropriately, to one. Nor, if He were about to ballow a succeeding cup as Eucharistic, is it likely that He would have spoken of the fulfilment of the Paschal wine in relation to another (Lu 22:17). In spite, therefore, of the fact that the majority of MSS and Versions favour its inclusion, Westcott and Hort are probably right in regarding the passage inclosed in brackets above as an interpolation. With this omitted, the narrative is assimilated to the other Synoptics. The inversion of bread and cup, which now becomes apparent and which probably belongs not to Luke but to his source, is perhaps due to the fact that the writer, dwelling on the Lord's intention that the Passover should be fulfilled in a Messianic rite, records at the opening of his narrative a declaration similar to that which Matthew and Mark assign to a later stage, the delivery of the cup (Mt 26:29; Mr 14:25). These words, though referring more particularly to the Eucharistic bread, yet, as extending to the whole meal ('this passover'), require no mention of the action that would accompany them; whereas the companion statement concerning the fruit of the vine (Lu 22:18) necessitates the mention of the cup (Lu 22:17). The first half of Lu 22:19 (the consecration of the bread), which, if the account were symmetrical, would appear (as arranged in Rush-brooke's Synopticon) before Lu 22:15, is then added to complete the institution. A copyist, assuming a part of the narrative to be wanting, would then introduce, probably from a contemporary liturgical formula, the second half of Lu 22:19 and Lu 22:20, which bear a striking resemblance to the Pauline account, of which Luke is otherwise independent. A similar inversion is found in the sub-Apostolic Teaching of the Apostles.
2. From the Synoptic record the following inferences may be drawn: (1) The words of institution cannot themselves determine the meaning of the rite. Luke (unless v. 20 be genuine) omits 'This is my blood of the covenant.' [Notice also that the other traditional form varies the phrase
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And as they were eating, Jesus took bread and, when he had blessed it, he broke it and gave to his disciples, saying, "Take, eat, this is my body." And when he had taken the cup and given thanks, he gave it to them, saying.
And when he had taken the cup and given thanks, he gave it to them, saying. "Drink from it, all of you; for this is my blood of the Covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.
"Drink from it, all of you; for this is my blood of the Covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins. "But I say to you, I will never again drink of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in the kingdom of my Father."
"But I say to you, I will never again drink of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in the kingdom of my Father."
Twelve of them whom he also called "Apostles," he appointed to be with him, and also that he might send them out to preach,
And as they were eating he took bread, and after the blessing, broke it, and gave it to them, saying, "Take it, this is my body." Then he took a cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them, and they all drank of it, read more. and he said: "This is my covenant blood, which is poured out for many. Solemnly I tell you I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day I drink it new in the kingdom of God."
Solemnly I tell you I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day I drink it new in the kingdom of God."
And when the hour was come he sat down, and the twelve apostles with him, and he said to them. "With desire have I longed to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.
and he said to them. "With desire have I longed to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.
and he said to them. "With desire have I longed to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. For I tell you that I certainly will not eat again until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God." read more. Then he had received a cup and given thanks, he said,
Then he had received a cup and given thanks, he said, "Take this, and divide it among yourselves; for I tell you that I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God is come."
"Take this, and divide it among yourselves; for I tell you that I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God is come." And he took a loaf, and after giving thanks, he broke it and gave it to them saying. "This is my body, which is given for you; this do in remembrance of me.'
And he took a loaf, and after giving thanks, he broke it and gave it to them saying. "This is my body, which is given for you; this do in remembrance of me.'
And he took a loaf, and after giving thanks, he broke it and gave it to them saying. "This is my body, which is given for you; this do in remembrance of me.'
And he took a loaf, and after giving thanks, he broke it and gave it to them saying. "This is my body, which is given for you; this do in remembrance of me.' He gave them a cup in like manner, after supper saying. "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, poured out for your sake.
He gave them a cup in like manner, after supper saying. "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, poured out for your sake. "But behold, the hand of my betrayer is at the table with me!
And there arose also a dispute among them as to which of them could be considered the greatest, and he said to them. "The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those who have who have authority over them are called Benefactors. read more. "But you shall not be so. But he who is greater among you let him become like the younger; and he who is leader like him who serves. "For which is greater, he who sits at table, or he who serves? Is it not he who sits at table? But I am in your midst as one who serves. "You, however, are those who have stood by me in my trials. "And I promise you a kingdom, even as my Father has promised me a kingdom; "so that you shall eat and drink in my kingdom, and you shall sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. "Simon, Simon," said the Lord, "behold, Satan has asked to have you all that he might sift you like wheat. "But I made supplication for you that your own faith may not fail. And you, when you have turned again, must strengthen your brothers." "Lord," Simon said to him, "I am ready to go with you, both to prison and to death." "I tell you, Peter," he answered. "the cock will not crow this day until you will three times deny that you know me."
Then they began to tell what happened on the road, and he was known to them when he broke the bread.
Then the Jews began to dispute among themselves, saying, "How can this man give us his flesh to eat?" "I tell you solemnly," said Jesus, "that unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, you have no life in you. read more. "He who feeds upon my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. "For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. "He who feeds upon my flesh abides in me and I in him. "Just as the living Father has sent me, and I live by the Father, so also that man who feeds on me shall live by me. "This is the bread which came down from heaven; not such as your fathers ate and died, for he who feeds upon this bread shall live forever."
"The spirit is what gives life; the flesh is of no avail. The words which I have been speaking to you, are spirit and are life.
For this happened that the Scripture might be fulfilled, Not one of his bones shall be broken.
For this happened that the Scripture might be fulfilled, Not one of his bones shall be broken.
and they stedfastly continued in the teaching of the apostles, and in the fellowship, in the breaking of the bread, and in the prayers.
Day after day they continued stedfastly with one accord in the Temple; and breaking bread together in their own homes, they continued to eat their food with gladness and an undivided heart,
On the first day of the week we met for the breaking of bread, and Paul, who was going away the next morning, began preaching to them, and prolonged his discourse until midnight.
Then get rid of the old leaven, so that you may be like a new lump, as you are now unleavened. For our Paschal Lamb has already been sacrificed, Christ himself.
Even so the Lord ordained that those who proclaim the gospel should get their living by the gospel.
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a common participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a common participation in the body of Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a common participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a common participation in the body of Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a common participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a common participation in the body of Christ?
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a common participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a common participation in the body of Christ? Because we who are many are one bread, one body, for we all do share in the one loaf. read more. Look at Israel according to the flesh; are not those who eat the sacrifices in communion with the altar?
On the contrary, what the heathen sacrifice they sacrifice to demons and not to God, and I do not want you to have communion with demons. You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and also the cup of demons; you cannot be partakers in the Lord's table and in the table of demons.
You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and also the cup of demons; you cannot be partakers in the Lord's table and in the table of demons.
But in giving you the following instructions, I cannot praise you; your solemn assemblies do more harm than good. To begin with, I am told??nd I believe there is some truth in it??hat when you meet at a church there are divisions among you. read more. For there must needs be also parties among you, in order that the good may be tested and made known. Again, when you meet together, there is no true eating of the Lord's Supper;
Again, when you meet together, there is no true eating of the Lord's Supper; for each one of you begins to eat his own supper; one goes hungry, while another gets drunk.
for each one of you begins to eat his own supper; one goes hungry, while another gets drunk.
for each one of you begins to eat his own supper; one goes hungry, while another gets drunk. What! Have you no houses in which to eat or drink? or do you wish to show your contempt for the church of God, and to shame those who have no homes to eat in? What shall I say to you? Shall I praise you? In this I certainly do not praise you.
What! Have you no houses in which to eat or drink? or do you wish to show your contempt for the church of God, and to shame those who have no homes to eat in? What shall I say to you? Shall I praise you? In this I certainly do not praise you. For I passed on to you the account, which I myself received from the Lord; how the Lord Jesus, on the very night he was betrayed, took bread,
For I passed on to you the account, which I myself received from the Lord; how the Lord Jesus, on the very night he was betrayed, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it, saying, "This is my body, broken for you; this do in memory of me."
and when he had given thanks, he broke it, saying, "This is my body, broken for you; this do in memory of me."
and when he had given thanks, he broke it, saying, "This is my body, broken for you; this do in memory of me." In the same way also, he took the cup after supper, saying. "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in memory of me."
In the same way also, he took the cup after supper, saying. "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in memory of me."
In the same way also, he took the cup after supper, saying. "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in memory of me." For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you are proclaiming your Lord's death until he come.
For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you are proclaiming your Lord's death until he come.
For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you are proclaiming your Lord's death until he come.
For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you are proclaiming your Lord's death until he come. So he that eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthy must answer for a sin against the body and blood of the Lord.
So he that eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthy must answer for a sin against the body and blood of the Lord.
So he that eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthy must answer for a sin against the body and blood of the Lord. Let each man scrutinize himself, and thus let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. read more. For whoever eats and drinks without discerning the body, eats and drinks condemnation to himself.
For whoever eats and drinks without discerning the body, eats and drinks condemnation to himself.
For whoever eats and drinks without discerning the body, eats and drinks condemnation to himself.
For whoever eats and drinks without discerning the body, eats and drinks condemnation to himself. This is why many among you are feeble and sickly, and many sleep. read more. If however, we were judging ourselves aright, we should not now be condemned;
If however, we were judging ourselves aright, we should not now be condemned; but through our condemnation by the Lord, we are trained so that we may not be condemned; read more. So, my brothers, whenever you come together for this meal, wait for one another. If any one is hungry, let him eat at home, so that your meetings do not bring condemnation upon you. The other matters I will adjust when I come.
For the very first thing I taught you was that I had myself been taught, that Christ died for our sins according to the Scripture,
I am amazed that you are so soon shifting your ground, and deserting him who called you by the grace of Christ, for another gospel, which indeed is not another; only there are certain individuals who are troubling you, and desiring to pervert the gospel of Christ. read more. But even though I myself or an angel from heaven were to preach any gospel other than that which I did preach to you, let him be accursed. I have said it before, and I now repeat it, if any one is preaching a gospel to you other than that which you have received, let him be accursed.
The pith of all that we have been saying is this; we do have such a High Priest; and he has taken his seat on the right hand of the throne of Majesty in the heavens,
And it is by this will that we have been sanctified by the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
For by one single offering he has perfected forever those whom he is sanctifying.
Since, then, we have a cheerful confidence, brothers, to enter into the Holiest by the blood of Jesus, by the way which he dedicated for us, that new and living way, through the veil (that is, his flesh); read more. and since we have a great High Priest over the house of God; let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith, our hearts sprinkled from and evil conscience, and our bodies bathed in pure water.
I was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore; and hold the keys of death and of Hades.
Then I beheld a Lamb standing as if slain in the midst of the throne and of the four Living Creatures, and in the midst of the Elders. He had seven horns and seven eyes (which are the seven Spirits of God, sent forth into all the earth).
Morish
See LORD'S SUPPER.
Watsons
EUCHARIST, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. The word, in its original Greek, ??????????, properly signifies giving thanks; from the hymns and thanksgivings which accompanied that holy service in the primitive church. See LORD'S SUPPER.