Reference: Gold
American
A well-known valuable metal, found in many parts of the world, and obtained anciently in Ophir, Job 28:16; Parvaim, 2Ch 3:6; Sheba, and Raamah, Eze 27:22. Job alludes to gold in various forms, Job 22:24; 28:15-19. Abraham was rich in it, and female ornaments were early made of it, Ge 13:2; 24:22,35. It is spoken of throughout Scripture; and the use of it among and ancient Hebrews, in its native and mixed state, and for the same purposes as at present, was very common. The Ark of the Covenant was overlaid with pure gold; the mercy seat, the vessels and utensils belonging to the tabernacle, and those also of the house of the Lord, as well as the drinking-vessels of Solomon, were of gold.
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and Abram is exceedingly wealthy in cattle, in silver, and in gold.
And it cometh to pass when the camels have finished drinking, that the man taketh a golden ring (whose weight is a bekah), and two bracelets for her hands (whose weight is ten bekahs of gold),
and Jehovah hath blessed my lord exceedingly, and he is great; and He giveth to him flock, and herd, and silver, and gold, and men-servants, and maid-servants, and camels, and asses;
and he overlayeth the house with precious stone for beauty, and the gold is gold of Parvaim,
So as to set on the dust a defence, And on a rock of the valleys a covering.
Gold is not given for it, Nor is silver weighed -- its price. It is not valued with pure gold of Ophir, With precious onyx and sapphire,
It is not valued with pure gold of Ophir, With precious onyx and sapphire, Not equal it do gold and crystal, Nor is its exchange a vessel of fine gold. read more. Corals and pearl are not remembered, The acquisition of wisdom is above rubies. Not equal it doth the topaz of Cush, With pure gold it is not valued.
Merchants of Sheba and Raamah -- they are thy merchants, For the chief of all spices, And for every precious stone, and gold, They have given out thy remnants.
Easton
(1.) Heb zahab, so called from its yellow colour (Ex 25:11; 1Ch 28:18; 2Ch 3:5).
(2.) Heb segor, from its compactness, or as being enclosed or treasured up; thus precious or "fine gold" (1Ki 6:20; 7:49).
(3.) Heb paz, native or pure gold (Job 28:17; Ps 19:10; 21:3, etc.).
(4.) Heb betzer, "ore of gold or silver" as dug out of the mine (Job 36:19, where it means simply riches).
(5.) Heb kethem, i.e., something concealed or separated (Job 28:16,19; Ps 45:9; Pr 25:12). Rendered "golden wedge" in Isa 13:12.
(6.) Heb haruts, i.e., dug out; poetic for gold (Pr 8:10; 16:16; Zec 9:3).
Gold was known from the earliest times (Ge 2:11). It was principally used for ornaments (Ge 24:22). It was very abundant (1Ch 22:14; Na 2:9; Da 3:1). Many tons of it were used in connection with the temple (2Ch 1:15). It was found in Arabia, Sheba, and Ophir (1Ki 9:28-10:1; Job 28:16), but not in Palestine.
In Da 2:38, the Babylonian Empire is spoken of as a "head of gold" because of its great riches; and Babylon was called by Isaiah (Isa 14:4) the "golden city" (R.V. marg., "exactress," adopting the reading marhebah, instead of the usual word madhebah).
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the name of the one is Pison, it is that which is surrounding the whole land of the Havilah where the gold is,
And it cometh to pass when the camels have finished drinking, that the man taketh a golden ring (whose weight is a bekah), and two bracelets for her hands (whose weight is ten bekahs of gold),
and thou hast overlaid it with pure gold, within and without thou dost overlay it, and thou hast made on it a ring of gold round about.
And before the oracle is twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits is its height; and he overlayeth it with gold refined, and overlayeth the altar with cedar.
and the candlesticks, five on the right, and five on the left, before the oracle, of refined gold, and the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs, of gold,
'And lo, in mine affliction, I have prepared for the house of Jehovah of gold talents a hundred thousand, and of silver a thousand thousand talents; and of brass and of iron there is no weighing, for in abundance it hath been, and wood and stones I have prepared, and to them thou dost add.
And the king maketh the silver and the gold in Jerusalem as stones, and the cedars he made as sycamores that are in the low country, for abundance.
It is not valued with pure gold of Ophir, With precious onyx and sapphire,
It is not valued with pure gold of Ophir, With precious onyx and sapphire, Not equal it do gold and crystal, Nor is its exchange a vessel of fine gold.
Not equal it doth the topaz of Cush, With pure gold it is not valued.
Doth He value thy riches? He hath gold, and all the forces of power.
They are more desirable than gold, Yea, than much fine gold; and sweeter than honey, Even liquid honey of the comb.
For Thou puttest before him blessings of goodness, Thou settest on his head a crown of fine gold.
Daughters of kings are among thy precious ones, A queen hath stood at thy right hand, In pure gold of Ophir.
Receive my instruction, and not silver, And knowledge rather than choice gold.
To get wisdom -- how much better than gold, And to get understanding to be chosen than silver!
A ring of gold, and an ornament of pure gold, Is the wise reprover to an attentive ear.
I make man more rare than fine gold, And a common man than pure gold of Ophir.
That thou hast taken up this simile Concerning the king of Babylon, and said, How hath the exactor ceased,
and whithersoever sons of men are dwelling, the beast of the field, and the fowl of the heavens, He hath given into thy hand, and hath caused thee to rule over them all; thou art this head of gold.
Nebuchadnezzar the king hath made an image of gold, its height sixty cubits, its breadth six cubits; he hath raised it up in the valley of Dura, in the province of Babylon;
Seize ye silver, seize ye gold, And there is no end to the prepared things, To the abundance of all desirable vessels.
And Tyre doth build a bulwark to herself, And doth heap silver as dust, And gold as mire of out-places.
Fausets
Emblem of purity (Job 23:10), of nobility (La 4:1). Zaahaab, "yellow gold," as geld from gel, yellow. Sagur, "treasured gold " (1Ki 6:20). Paz, "native gold" (Job 28:17; Song 5:15). Betser, "gold earth," i.e. raw ore (Job 22:24). Kethem, figuratively (Job 37:22 margin) "golden splendor"; but Maurer literally, "gold is to be found in northern regions, but God cannot, be found out because of His majesty" (compare Job 28). Charuts, "dug out gold" (Pr 8:10).
It was not coined in ancient times, but is represented on Egyptian tombs as weighed out in the form of rings of fixed weight (Ge 43:21). Simon Maccabeus (1 Maccabees 15) was the first who coined Jewish money. Arabia, Sheba, and Ophir, Uphaz, and Parvaim (used for "gold" in Job 22:24), were the gold producing countries. It is no longer found in Arabia. The Asiatics have always possessed more gold in ornaments than in money.
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and it cometh to pass, when we have come in unto the lodging-place, and open our bags, that lo, each one's money is in the mouth of his bag, our money in its weight, and we bring it back in our hand;
And before the oracle is twenty cubits in length, and twenty cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits is its height; and he overlayeth it with gold refined, and overlayeth the altar with cedar.
So as to set on the dust a defence, And on a rock of the valleys a covering.
So as to set on the dust a defence, And on a rock of the valleys a covering.
For He hath known the way with me, He hath tried me -- as gold I go forth.
Not equal it do gold and crystal, Nor is its exchange a vessel of fine gold.
From the golden north it cometh, Beside God is fearful honour.
Receive my instruction, and not silver, And knowledge rather than choice gold.
His limbs pillars of marble, Founded on sockets of fine gold, His appearance as Lebanon, choice as the cedars.
How is the gold become dim, Changed the best -- the pure gold? Poured out are stones of the sanctuary At the head of all out-places.
Hastings
Morish
The well-known precious metal. It was discovered very early. Ge 2:11-12. It was purified by fire. Pr 17:3; Zec 13:9; and we read of 'choice gold,' 'fine gold,' 'pure gold.' Precious things are compared with gold to show their value. Ps 119:72,127. It was extensively used in the tabernacle and in the temple; some things being made of gold, and others being overlaid with it. For fabrics the gold was beaten into thin plates and cut into wires to be woven with the blue, the purple, and the fine twined linen. The heavenly Jerusalem is also described as of 'pure gold.' 21/18/type/ylt'>Re 21:18,21. Being the most costly metal it is regarded as symbolical of what pertains to God, and as signifying divine righteousness. The Lord Jesus counselled the poor Laodiceans to buy of Him 'gold tried in the fire,' that they might be rich. Re 3:18.
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the name of the one is Pison, it is that which is surrounding the whole land of the Havilah where the gold is, and the gold of that land is good, there is the bdolach and the shoham stone;
Blessed art Thou, O Jehovah, teach me Thy statutes.
Better to me is the law of Thy mouth Than thousands of gold and silver!
A refining pot is for silver, and a furnace for gold, And the trier of hearts is Jehovah.
And I have brought the third into fire, And refined them like a refining of silver, And have tried them like a trying of gold, It doth call in My name, and I answer it, I have said, 'My people it is,' And it saith, 'Jehovah is my God!'
I counsel thee to buy from me gold fired by fire, that thou mayest be rich, and white garments that thou mayest be arrayed, and the shame of thy nakedness may not be manifest, and with eye-salve anoint thine eyes, that thou mayest see.
and the building of its wall was jasper, and the city is pure gold -- like to pure glass;
And the twelve gates are twelve pearls, each several one of the gates was of one pearl; and the broad-place of the city is pure gold -- as transparent glass.
Smith
Gold.
Gold was known from the very earliest times.
It was at first used chiefly for ornaments, etc.
Coined money was not known to the ancients till a comparatively late period; and on the Egyptian tombs gold is represented as being weighed in rings for commercial purposes. Comp.
Gold was extremely abundant in ancient times,
1Ch 22:14; 2Ch 1:15; 9:9; Da 3:1; Na 2:9
but this did not depreciate its value, because of the enormous quantities consumed by the wealthy in furniture, etc.
10 passim;
The chief countries mentioned as producing gold are Arabia, Sheba and Ophir.
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the name of the one is Pison, it is that which is surrounding the whole land of the Havilah where the gold is,
And it cometh to pass when the camels have finished drinking, that the man taketh a golden ring (whose weight is a bekah), and two bracelets for her hands (whose weight is ten bekahs of gold),
and it cometh to pass, when we have come in unto the lodging-place, and open our bags, that lo, each one's money is in the mouth of his bag, our money in its weight, and we bring it back in our hand;
And the whole of the house he hath overlaid with gold, till the completion of all the house; and the whole of the altar that the oracle hath, he hath overlaid with gold.
'And lo, in mine affliction, I have prepared for the house of Jehovah of gold talents a hundred thousand, and of silver a thousand thousand talents; and of brass and of iron there is no weighing, for in abundance it hath been, and wood and stones I have prepared, and to them thou dost add.
white linen, white cotton, and blue, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple on rings of silver, and pillars of marble, couches of gold, and of silver, on a pavement of smaragdus, and white marble, and mother-of-pearl, and black marble --
It is not valued with pure gold of Ophir, With precious onyx and sapphire,
A palanquin king Solomon made for himself, Of the wood of Lebanon, Its pillars he made of silver, Its bottom of gold, its seat of purple, Its midst lined with love, By the daughters of Jerusalem.
Spread-out silver from Tarshish is brought, And gold from Uphaz, Work of an artisan, and of the hands of a refiner, Blue and purple is their clothing, Work of the skilful -- all of them.
Nebuchadnezzar the king hath made an image of gold, its height sixty cubits, its breadth six cubits; he hath raised it up in the valley of Dura, in the province of Babylon;
Seize ye silver, seize ye gold, And there is no end to the prepared things, To the abundance of all desirable vessels.
Watsons
GOLD, ???, Ge 24:22, and very frequently in all other parts of the Old Testament; ??????, Mt 23:16-17, &c; the most perfect and valuable of the metals. In Job 28:15-19, gold is mentioned five times, and four of the words are different in the original:
1. ????, which may mean "gold in the mine," or "shut up," as the root signifies, "in the ore,"
2. ???, kethem, from ???, catham, "to sign," "seal," or "stamp;" gold made current by being coined; standard gold, exhibiting the stamp expressive of its value.
3. ???, wrought gold, pure, highly polished gold.
4. ??, denoting solidity, compactness, and strength; probably gold formed into different kinds of plate, or vessels. Jerom, in his comment on Jer 10:9, writes "Septem dominibus apud Hebraeos appellatur aurum."
The seven names, which he does not mention, are as follows, and thus distinguished by the Hebrews:
1. Zahab, gold in general. 2. Zahab tob, good gold, of a more valuable kind, Ge 2:12. 3. Zahab Ophir, gold of Ophir, 1Ki 9:28, such as was brought by the navy of Solomon. 4. Zahab muphaz, solid gold, pure, wrought gold, translated, 1Ki 10:18, "the best gold." 5. Zahab shachut, beaten gold, 2Ch 9:15. 6. Zahab segor, shut up gold; either as mentioned above, gold in the ore, or as the rabbins explain it, "gold shut up in the treasuries," gold in bullion.
7. Zahab parvaim, 2Ch 3:6. To these Buxtorf adds three others: 1. ???, pure gold of the circulating medium. 2. ???, gold in the treasury.
3. ????, choice, fine gold. Arabia had formerly its golden mines. "The gold of Sheba," Ps 72:15, is, in the Septuagint and Arabic versions, "the gold of Arabia." Sheba was the ancient name of Arabia Felix.
Mr. Bruce, however, places it in Africa, at Azab. The gold of Ophir, so often mentioned, must be that which was procured in Arabia, on the coast of the Red Sea. We are assured by Sanchoniathon, as quoted by Eusebius, and by Herodotus, that the Phenicians carried on a considerable traffic with this gold even before the days of Job, who speaks of it, 22:24.
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and the gold of that land is good, there is the bdolach and the shoham stone;
And it cometh to pass when the camels have finished drinking, that the man taketh a golden ring (whose weight is a bekah), and two bracelets for her hands (whose weight is ten bekahs of gold),
and they come in to Ophir and take thence gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and bring it in unto king Solomon.
And the king maketh a great throne of ivory, and overlayeth it with refined gold;
and he overlayeth the house with precious stone for beauty, and the gold is gold of Parvaim,
And king Solomon maketh two hundred targets of alloyed gold, six hundred shekels of alloyed gold he causeth to go up on the one target;
Gold is not given for it, Nor is silver weighed -- its price. It is not valued with pure gold of Ophir, With precious onyx and sapphire, read more. Not equal it do gold and crystal, Nor is its exchange a vessel of fine gold. Corals and pearl are not remembered, The acquisition of wisdom is above rubies. Not equal it doth the topaz of Cush, With pure gold it is not valued.
And he liveth, and giveth to him of the gold of Sheba, And prayeth for him continually, All the day he doth bless him.
Spread-out silver from Tarshish is brought, And gold from Uphaz, Work of an artisan, and of the hands of a refiner, Blue and purple is their clothing, Work of the skilful -- all of them.
Woe to you, blind guides, who are saying, Whoever may swear by the sanctuary, it is nothing, but whoever may swear by the gold of the sanctuary -- is debtor! Fools and blind! for which is greater, the gold, or the sanctuary that is sanctifying the gold?