Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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And he said to them, Every scribe therefore that is instructed in the kingdom of heaven, is like a householder who casts out of his treasury things new and old.
And Jesus answered and said to him, Blessed are you, Simon, son of Jonas, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven. And I tell you that you are Peter [a rock], and upon this rock will I build my assembly, and the gates of hades shall not prevail against it.
And I tell you that you are Peter [a rock], and upon this rock will I build my assembly, and the gates of hades shall not prevail against it.
I tell you truly, that whatever you bind on the earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you unbind on the earth shall be unbound in heaven.
Woe to you, lawyers! for you have taken away the key of knowledge; you do not enter in yourselves, and you forbid those entering.
And the Lord said, Who then is a faithful, a wise steward, whom the lord shall place over his family, to give them their proper food in due time?
but some of our women also astonished us, who being early at the tomb
And they related the things on the way, and how he was known to them by the breaking of bread.
Those whose sins you forgive, are forgiven; and whose you retain, are retained.
This Jesus has God raised up, whose witnesses we all are. Being therefore exalted on the right hand of God, and receiving the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, he has poured this out which you both see and hear. read more. For David ascended not to heaven, but he says, The Lord said to my lord, Sit on my right hand till I make your enemies your footstool. Let all the house of Israel therefore know certainly, that God has made this Jesus whom you crucified both Lord and Christ.
Then those that received his word were baptized, and there were added on that day about three thousand souls;
Being scattered abroad, therefore, they went everywhere preaching the good news of the word;
And Peter opening his mouth said, Of a truth I perceive that God is not a respecter of persons, but in every nation he that fears him and does righteousness is acceptable to him. read more. The word which he sent to the children of Israel, preaching the good news of peace by Jesus Christ,??e is Lord of all,??37 you know; the word which was [preached] through all Judea, beginning in Galilee after the baptism which John preached,
The word which he sent to the children of Israel, preaching the good news of peace by Jesus Christ,??e is Lord of all,??37 you know; the word which was [preached] through all Judea, beginning in Galilee after the baptism which John preached,
Jesus from Nazareth, how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and power, who went about doing good and curing all that were subjugated by the devil, for God was with him;
Jesus from Nazareth, how God anointed him with the Holy Spirit and power, who went about doing good and curing all that were subjugated by the devil, for God was with him; and we are witnesses of all things which he did, both in the land of Judea, and at Jerusalem, whom also they killed, hanging him on a cross. read more. This [man] did God raise up on the third day, and permitted him to be made manifest, not to all the people, but to witnesses chosen before by God, to us, who eat and drank with him after he rose from the dead; and he commanded us to preach to the people and testify fully that he is appointed by God the judge of living and dead. To him all the prophets bear witness, that every one who believes in him has forgiveness of sins through his name. While Peter was yet speaking these words the Holy Spirit fell on all who heard the word. And those of the circumcision who came with Peter were astonished, that on the gentiles also the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out; for they heard them speaking with tongues and magnifying God. Then Peter answered, Can any forbid water that these should be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit as we also have? And he commanded that they should be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then they desired him to remain some days.
And those scattered abroad by the affliction which commenced with Stephen, went even to Phenicia, and Cyprus, and Antioch, speaking the word to no one but Jews only.
And while they served the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.
And having arrived, and assembled the church, they reported what God had done with them, and that he had opened the door of faith to the gentiles.
And the apostles and elders were assembled together to see about this matter. And after there had been much debate, Peter rose and said to them, Men and brothers, you know that in former days God chose among you that the gentiles should hear by my mouth the word of the gospel and believe.
And after there had been much debate, Peter rose and said to them, Men and brothers, you know that in former days God chose among you that the gentiles should hear by my mouth the word of the gospel and believe. And the heart-searching God testified to them, giving to them the Holy Spirit even as to us, read more. and made no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by the faith. Now, therefore, why do you try God, to put on the necks of the disciples a yoke which neither our fathers nor we could bear? But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus in the same manner as they.
And after they were silent, James answered, saying, Men and brothers, hear me.
Wherefore I judge that we ought not to trouble those who turned to God from the gentiles,
Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders, with all the assembly [the church], to send delegates from themselves to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas, Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brothers, writing by their hand, The apostles and elders and brothers, to the brothers in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, who are of the gentiles, greeting. read more. Since we heard that some going out from us have troubled you with words subverting your souls, to whom we gave no charge, it seemed good to us, being of one opinion, to send delegates to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas, and they will tell you the same things by word. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to put no greater burden upon you except these necessary things;
AND after this Paul left Athens and came to Corinth.
And Paul having remained yet many days took leave of the brothers, and sailed to Syria; and Priscilla was with him, and Aquila, having shaved his head at Cenchrea; for he had a vow. And they came to Ephesus, and he left them there, and entering himself into the synagogue reasoned with the Jews. read more. And they asking him to stay a longer time with them he did not consent,
But when Peter came to Antioch I opposed him to his face, because he was to blame.
Brothers, if a man is overtaken with any fault, do you that are spiritual restore such a one with a spirit of meekness, considering yourself; lest you also be tried.
And you have an anointing from the Holy One, and know all things.
And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write, These things says the Holy One, the True, he that has the key of David, he that opens and no one shall shut, and shuts and no one shall open,