Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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Then saith he to them, Therefore every scribe instructed unto the kingdom of heaven, is like an housholder, who bringeth out of his treasure things new and old.
And Jesus answering said to him, Happy art thou, Simon Barjonah; for flesh and blood have not revealed this to thee, but my Father who is in heaven. And I say also to thee, Thou art Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
And I say also to thee, Thou art Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
Verily I say to you, Whatsoever ye shall bind on earth, shall be bound in heaven, and whatsoever ye shall loose on earth, shall be loosed in heaven.
Woe to you, lawyers; for ye have taken away the key of knowledge: ye have not entered in yourselves; and them that were entering in, ye have hindered.
And the Lord said, Who is that faithful and wise steward, whom his Lord shall make ruler over his housoold, to give the allowance of food in due season?
Yea, and certain women of our company astonished us, who were early at the sepulchre,
And they told the things done in the way, and how he was known by them in the breaking of the bread.
Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted to them; and whose soever sins ye retain, they are retained.
This Jesus God hath raised up, whereof all we are witnesses. Being therefore exalted by the right-hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, he hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear. read more. For David is not ascended into the heavens; but he saith himself, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right-hand, Until I make thine enemies thy footstool. Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, That God hath made this Jesus whom ye crucified, both Lord and Christ.
Then they, gladly receiving his word, were baptized; and there were added to them that day about three thousand souls.
Therefore they that were scattered abroad, went every where, preaching the word.
Then Peter opening his mouth, said, I perceive of a truth that God is not a respecter of persons: But in every nation, he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted by him. read more. This is the word which he sent to the children of Israel, preaching the glad tidings of peace through Jesus Christ; He is Lord of all.
This is the word which he sent to the children of Israel, preaching the glad tidings of peace through Jesus Christ; He is Lord of all. Ye know the word which was published through all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached:
Ye know the word which was published through all Judea, beginning from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached: How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power, who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed by the devil; for God was with him.
How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power, who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed by the devil; for God was with him. And we are witnesses of all things which he did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem; whom yet they slew and hanged on a tree. read more. Him God raised up the third day, and shewed him openly; (Not to all the people, but to witnesses, chosen before of God, even to us, who did eat and drink with him) after he rose from the dead. And he commanded us, to proclaim to the people, and to testify, that it is he who is ordained by God the Judge of the living and the dead. To him give all the prophets witness, that every one who believeth in him, shall receive forgiveness of sins through his name. While Peter was yet speaking these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all that were hearing the word. And the believers of the circumcision, as many as came with Peter, were amazed, that the gift of the Holy Ghost was poured out on the Gentiles also. For they heard them speaking with tongues and magnifying God. Then Peter answered, Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, who have received the Holy Ghost, even as we? And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then they prayed him to tarry certain days.
Now they who had been scattered abroad by the distress which arose about Stephen, travelled as far as Phenicia, and Cyprus, and Antioch, preaching to none but Jews only.
And as they were ministring to the Lord and fasting, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul, for the work to which I have called them.
And being come and having gathered the church together, they related all that God had done with them, and that he had opened the door of faith to the Gentiles.
And the apostles and elders came together, to consider of this matter. And after much debate, Peter rose up and said to them, Brethren, ye know, that God long ago made choice among us, that the Gentiles should by my mouth hear the word of the gospel and believe.
And after much debate, Peter rose up and said to them, Brethren, ye know, that God long ago made choice among us, that the Gentiles should by my mouth hear the word of the gospel and believe. And God who knoweth the heart, bare them witness, giving the Holy Ghost to them, even as also to us. read more. And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. Now therefore why endeavour ye to put a yoke on the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? But we believe, that through the grace of the Lord Jesus, we shall be saved, even as they.
And when they held their peace, James answered, saying, Brethren, hearken to me.
Wherefore my sentence is, That we trouble not them who from among the Gentiles turn to God.
Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders with the whole church, to send chosen men from among them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas, Judas, surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren, Writing thus by their hand, The apostles, and the elders, and the brethren salute the brethren who are of the Gentiles, in Antioch, and Syria, and Cilicia. read more. Forasmuch as we have heard, that some who came from us have troubled you with words, unsettling your minds, saying, Ye must be circumcised, and keep the law, whom we commanded not. It seemed good to us, being assembled with one accord, to send to you chosen men, with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, Men that have hazarded their lives, for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who will also tell you the same things by mouth. For it seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us, that no further burden be laid upon you than these necessary things, To abstain from meats offered to idols and blood,
After these things, Paul departing from Athens, came to Corinth.
And Paul still continued many days; and then taking leave of the brethren, sailed thence for Syria, and with him Priscilla and Aquila, having shaved his head at Cenchrea; for he had a vow. And he came to Ephesus, and left him there; but he himself going into the synagogue, reasoned with the Jews. read more. But though they intreated him to tarry longer with them, he consented not:
But when Peter came to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was to be condemned.
Brethren, if a man be overtaken in any fault, ye who are spiritual restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted.
But ye have an anointing from the Holy one, and know all things.
And to the angel of the church of Philadelphia write, These things saith the Holy, the True One, he that hath the key of David, he that openeth, and none shutteth, and shutteth and none openeth.