Reference: Captain
Easton
(1.) Heb. sar (1Sa 22:2; 2Sa 23:19). Rendered "chief," Ge 40:2; 41:9; rendered also "prince," Da 1:7; "ruler," Jg 9:30; "governor,' 1Ki 22:26. This same Hebrew word denotes a military captain (Ex 18:21; 2Ki 1:9; De 1:15; 1Sa 18:13, etc.), the "captain of the body-guard" (Ge 37:36; 39:1; 41:10; Jer 40:1), or, as the word may be rendered, "chief of the executioners" (marg.). The officers of the king's body-guard frequently acted as executioners. Nebuzar-adan (Jer 39:13) and Arioch (Da 2:14) held this office in Babylon.
The "captain of the guard" mentioned in Ac 28:16 was the Praetorian prefect, the commander of the Praetorian troops.
(2.) Another word (Heb. katsin) so translated denotes sometimes a military (Jos 10:24; 11/6/type/emb'>Jg 11:6,11; Isa 22:3 "rulers;" Da 11:18) and sometimes a civil command, a judge, magistrate, Arab. kady, (Isa 1:10; 3:6; Mic 3:1,9).
(3.) It is also the rendering of a Hebrew word (shalish) meaning "a third man," or "one of three." The LXX. render in plural by tristatai; i.e., "soldiers fighting from chariots," so called because each war-chariot contained three men, one of whom acted as charioteer while the other two fought (Ex 14:7; 15:4; 1Ki 9:22; comp. 2Ki 9:25). This word is used also to denote the king's body-guard (2Ki 10:25; 1Ch 12:18; 2Ch 11:11) or aides-de-camp.
(4.) The "captain of the temple" mentioned in Ac 4:1; 5:24 was not a military officer, but superintendent of the guard of priests and Levites who kept watch in the temple by night. (Comp. "the ruler of the house of God," 1Ch 9:11; 2Ch 31:13; Ne 11:11.)
(5.) The Captain of our salvation is a name given to our Lord (Heb 2:10), because he is the author and source of our salvation, the head of his people, whom he is conducting to glory. The "captain of the Lord's host" (Jos 5:14-15) is the name given to that mysterious person who manifested himself to Abraham (Ge 12:7), and to Moses in the bush (Ex 3:2,6, etc.) the Angel of the covenant. (See Angel.)
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And Yahweh appeared unto Abram, and said: To thy seed, will I give this land, - And he built there an altar, unto Yahweh who appeared unto him.
Now, the Midianites, sold him into Egypt, - to Potiphar courtier of Pharaoh, chief of the royal executioners.
Now, Joseph, was taken down to Egypt, - and Potiphar, courtier of Pharaoh, chief of the royal executioners, an Egyptian bought him, at the hand of the Ishmaelites, who had brought him down thither.
Then fell the wroth of Pharaoh upon his two courtiers, upon the chief of the butlers, and upon the chief of the bakers;
Then spake the chief of the butlers with Pharaoh saying, My faults, would mention this day. Pharaoh, was wroth with his servants, - and put them in the ward of the house of the chief of the royal executioners, me, and the chief of the bakers.
Then appeared the messenger of Yahweh unto him, in a flame of fire from the midst of the thorn-bush, - so he looked and lo! the thorn-bush burning with fire and yet the thorn-bush, was not consumed.
And he said - I, am the God of thy father, God of Abraham, God of Isaac and God of Jacob. And Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look upon God.
And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, - with warriors in every one.
The chariots of Pharaoh and his train, hath he cast into the sea, - Yea, the choice of his warriors, were sunk in the Sedgy Sea.
Thou thyself, therefore shalt look out, from among all the people - men of ability, reverers of God, men of fidelity, haters of extortion, - and place them over them as rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens.
So I took heads for your tribes wise men and known, and placed them as heads over you, captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, and captains of fifties and captains of tens, and overseers for your tribes.
And he said - Nay, but, I, as prince of the host of Yahweh, have, now, come. So Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and worshipped, and said unto him, What is my lord speaking unto his servant? Then said the prince of the host of Yahweh unto Joshua - Slip off thy sandals from thy feet, for, as for the place whereon thou art standing, holy, it is. And Joshua did so.
And it came to pass, when they brought out these kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war who had been with him, Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings. So they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.
And, when Zubul, governor of the city, heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, then was kindled his anger.
And they said to Jephthah, Oh! come and be our commander, - that we may do battle with the sons of Ammon.
Then went Jephthah with the elders of Gilead, and the people set him over them, as head and commander, - and Jephthah spake all his words before Yahweh, in Mizpah.
And there gathered themselves unto him - every one that was in distress, and every one that had a creditor, and every one embittered in soul, and he came to be over them as a prince, - and there were with him, about four hundred men.
And the king of Israel said, Take Micaiah, and carry him back unto Amon captain of the city, - and unto Joash son of the king;
Then said he unto Bidkar his officer, Take him up, and cast him forth, into the field-portion of Naboth the Jezreelite, - for remember, when I and thou were riding as a couple together after Ahab his father, that, Yahweh, laid upon him this doom:
And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of offering the ascending-sacrifice, that Jehu said to the runners and to the officers - Enter, smite them, let not, a man, get out. So they smote them, with the edge of the sword, - and the runners and the officers cast them out, and then went as far as the city of the house of Baal,
and Azariah son of Hilkiah, son of Meshullam, son of Zadok, son of Meraioth, son of Ahitub, chief ruler of the house of God;
Seraiah son of Hilkiah, son of Meshullam, son of Zadok, son of Meraioth, son of Ahitub, chief ruler of the house of God;
Hear the word of Yahweh, ye rulers of Sodom, - Give ear to the instruction of our God, ye people of Gomorrah: -
When a man shall lay hold, on his brother of the house of his father, saying - Clothing, hast thou, Become thou our, ruler, This downfall, be under thy hand,
All thy ruler, having fled, together, by the bow, are taken captive: All found in thee have been taken captive, together, Far away, have they fled.
So Nebuzaradan chief of the royal executioners, sent, also Nebushazban, chief of the eunuchs, and Nergal-sharezer chief of the magi, and all the chiefs of the king of Babylon;
The thing that happened unto Jeremiah, from Yahweh, after Nebuzaradan chief of the royal executioners had let him go from Ramah, - when he had taken him, he having been bound in fetters in the midst of all the captive-host of Jerusalem, and Judah, who were being carried away captive to Babylon.
and the ruler of the eunuchs gave them names, - yea he gave to Daniel the name of Belteshazzar, and to Hananiah of Shadrach, and to Mishael of Meshach, and to Azariah of Abed-nego.
Immediately, Daniel, made answer with prudence and discretion, to Arioch, chief of the executioners of the king, - who had come forth to slay the wise men of Babylon:
Then will he turn his face to the Coastlands, and will capture many, - but a commander, will bring to an end, his reproach against himself, that, his reproach, return not unto him.
Then said I, Hear, I pray you, ye heads of Jacob, and ye judges of the house of Israel, - Is it not yours to know justice?
Hear this, I pray you, ye heads of the house of Jacob, and ye judges of the house of Israel, - who abhor justice, and, all right, do pervert:
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,
Now, when both the captain of the temple and the High-priests heard these words, they were utterly at a loss concerning them - what perhaps this might come to.
And, when we entered into Rome, Paul was suffered to abide by himself, with the soldier that guarded him.
For it was becoming in him - For the sake of whom are the all things, and by means of whom are the all things, - when, many sons, unto glory, he would lead, The Princely Leader of their salvation, through sufferings, to make perfect.
Fausets
CAPTAIN OF THE TEMPLE (Lu 22:4; Ac 4:1; 5:24): not military, but over the guard of the temple, consisting of priests and Levites (2Ki 12:9), "the priests that kept the door" (2Ki 25:18); they visited the posts by night, and saw that the sentries were on the alert. In Heb 2:10, (Greek "Prince leader of their salvation,") the antitypical Joshua who leads us into the heavenly Canaan. The same Greek in Heb 12:2, "the Author," rather "Prince leader of our faith." Ac 3:15, "Prince of life."
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Then took Jehoiada a certain chest, and bored a hole in the door thereof, - and set it beside the altar, on the right as one entereth into the house of Yahweh, and the priests that kept the entrance-hall, used to put therein - all the silver that was brought into the house of Yahweh.
Then took Jehoiada a certain chest, and bored a hole in the door thereof, - and set it beside the altar, on the right as one entereth into the house of Yahweh, and the priests that kept the entrance-hall, used to put therein - all the silver that was brought into the house of Yahweh.
And the chief of the royal executioners took Seraiah the head priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, - and the three keepers of the entrance hall;
And the chief of the royal executioners took Seraiah the head priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, - and the three keepers of the entrance hall;
and, departing, he conversed with the High-priests and Captains, as to how, unto them, he might deliver him up.
and, departing, he conversed with the High-priests and Captains, as to how, unto them, he might deliver him up.
But, the Princely Leader of Life, ye slew: - whom, God, raised from among the dead, whereof, we, are witnesses.
But, the Princely Leader of Life, ye slew: - whom, God, raised from among the dead, whereof, we, are witnesses.
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,
Now, when both the captain of the temple and the High-priests heard these words, they were utterly at a loss concerning them - what perhaps this might come to.
Now, when both the captain of the temple and the High-priests heard these words, they were utterly at a loss concerning them - what perhaps this might come to.
For it was becoming in him - For the sake of whom are the all things, and by means of whom are the all things, - when, many sons, unto glory, he would lead, The Princely Leader of their salvation, through sufferings, to make perfect.
For it was becoming in him - For the sake of whom are the all things, and by means of whom are the all things, - when, many sons, unto glory, he would lead, The Princely Leader of their salvation, through sufferings, to make perfect.
Looking away unto our faith's Princely-leader and perfecter, Jesus, - who, in consideration of the joy lying before him, endured a cross, shame, despising! And, on the right hand of the throne of God, hath taken his seat.
Looking away unto our faith's Princely-leader and perfecter, Jesus, - who, in consideration of the joy lying before him, endured a cross, shame, despising! And, on the right hand of the throne of God, hath taken his seat.
Hastings
This word occurs very frequently in the OT (AV and RV), and appears to have been favoured by the translators as a comprehensive term to denote a ruler, or a military commander of any unit, whatever its size might be. In modern military language it means especially the commander of a company of infantry, numbering about 100 to 110 men, and is quite unsuitable as a translation. It represents in OT 13 different Hebrew words. In Ezekiel it is often used for the secular head of the Messianic kingdom: 'prince' will there and often elsewhere do as a rendering; 'officer' and 'chief' will suit other passages. There are further places where none of these words will do as a translation. In the NT it translates four Greek words, and means: (1) Joh 18:12; Ac 22:28 a Roman military officer, a tribune of the soldiers, in command of about 1000 men, constituting the garrison of Jerusalem (hence Re 6:15; 19:18 in a general sense); (2) Lu 22:4,52; Ac 4:1 etc., the captain of the Temple, a Levite, who had under him a body of police, probably themselves also priests, whose duty it was to keep order in the Temple at Jerusalem and guard it by night; (3) Heb 2:10 (RV 'author') leader, initiator; (4) Ac 28:16 AV 'captain of the guard' (wanting in RV), a doubtful reading and of doubtful sense. See also Army,
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and, departing, he conversed with the High-priests and Captains, as to how, unto them, he might deliver him up.
And Jesus said unto the High-priests, and Captains of the temple, and Elders, who had come against him - As against a robber, have ye come out, with swords and clubs?
The band, therefore, and the captain, and the officers of the Jews, apprehended Jesus, and bound him,
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,
And the captain answered - I, for a large sum, this citizenship acquired! And, Paul, said - But, I, am even, free- born!
And, when we entered into Rome, Paul was suffered to abide by himself, with the soldier that guarded him.
For it was becoming in him - For the sake of whom are the all things, and by means of whom are the all things, - when, many sons, unto glory, he would lead, The Princely Leader of their salvation, through sufferings, to make perfect.
And, the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rulers of thousands, and the rich, and the mighty, and every bondman and freeman, hid themselves within the caves and within the rocks of the mountains;
Morish
In the O.T. this word is used for one filling any office of rule or command: as the head of a tribe, Nu 2:3-29; commander of an army, etc. The person who appeared to Joshua as 'a man' declared himself to be 'captain of the Lord's host.' He told Joshua to remove his shoes from his feet, for the ground was holy, evincing that he was God's representative to lead their warfare. Jos 5:14-15. In the N.T. the Lord is called 'Captain' of our salvation, ???????, 'chief leader.' Heb 2:10.
There was also a 'CAPTAIN OF THE TEMPLE,' ?????????. Lu 22:4,52; Ac 4:1; 5:24,26. This word is literally 'the leader of an army;' it is also applied to magistrates, Ac 16:20, but the captain of the temple was set not over the soldiers, but over the priests and Levites: cf. Nu 3:32; 1Ch 9:11; Jer 20:1.
THE CHIEF CAPTAIN or HIGH CAPTAIN is ?????????, lit. 'Captain of a thousand,' applied to the chief of the soldiers in Jerusalem. Acts 21 - 25.
CAPTAIN OF THE GUARD, Ac 28:16, is ??????????????, properly 'commander of a camp,' but here the prefect of the Praetorian Guard, an officer to whom state prisoners were entrusted at Rome.
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And they who encamp eastwards towards sunrise, shall he the standard of the camp of Judah by their hosts, - even the prince of the sons of Judah, Nashon, son of Ammi-nadab; and his host, even they who are numbered of them, - seventy-four thousand and six hundred, read more. Then they who encamp by him the tribe of Issachar, - even the prince of the sons of Issachar, Nethanel, son of Zuar; and his host even they who are numbered of them, - fifty-four thousand and four hundred. The tribe of Zebulun, even the prince of the sons of Zebulun, Eliab, son of Helon; and his host, even they who are numbered of him, fifty-seven thousand and four hundred. All they who are num-bered to the camp of Judah. a hundred and eighty-six thousand four hundred, by their hosts, shall first set forward. the standard of he camp of Reuben south-wards, by their hosts, - even the prince of the sons of Reuben, Elizur son of Shedeur; and his host, even they who are numbered of him, - forty-six thousand, and five hundred. Then they who encamp by him, the tribe of Simeon, - even the prince of the sons of Simeon, Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai; and his host, even they who are numbered of them, - fifty-nine thousand and three hundred. Then the tribe of Gad, even the prince of the sons of Gad, Eliasaph son of Reuel; and his host, even they who are numbered of them, - forty-five thousand, and six hundred and fifty. All they who are num-bered to the camp of Reuben, - a hundred and fifty-one thousand and four hundred and fifty, by their hosts, and they in the second rank, shall set forward. Then shall set forward the tent of meeting - the camp of the Levites in the midst of the camps, - as they encamp, so, shall they set forward, every man at the side thereof by their standards. the standard of the camp of Ephraim, by their hosts westwards, - even the prince of the sons of Ephraim, Elishama son of Ammihud; and his host, even they who are numbered of them, - forty thousand, and five hundred. Then by him, the tribe of Manasseh, even the prince of the sons of Manasseh, Gamaliel, son of Pedahzur; and his host, even they who are numbered of them, - thirty-two thousand and two hundred. Then the tribe of Benjamin, even the prince of the sons of Benjamin, Abidan, son of Gideoni; and his host, even they who are numbered of them, - thirty-five thousand and four hundred. All they who are numbered to the camp of Ephraim a hundred and eight thousand and one hundred by their hosts, and they in the third rank, shall set forward. the standard of the camp of Dan, north-wards by their hosts, even the prince of the sons of Dan, Ahiezer, son of Ammishaddai: and his host, even they who are numbered of them, - sixty-two thou-sand and seven hundred. Then they who encamp by him the tribe of Asher, - even the prince of the sons of Asher, Pagiel, son of Ochran; and his host, even they who are numbered of them, - forty-one thousand and five hundred. Then the tribe of Naphtali, - even the prince of the sons of Naphtali, Ahira, son of Enan;
And the prince of the princes of the Levites, was Eleazar, son of Aaron the priest, - to have the oversight of them that were to keep the charge of the sanctuary.
And he said - Nay, but, I, as prince of the host of Yahweh, have, now, come. So Joshua fell on his face to the earth, and worshipped, and said unto him, What is my lord speaking unto his servant? Then said the prince of the host of Yahweh unto Joshua - Slip off thy sandals from thy feet, for, as for the place whereon thou art standing, holy, it is. And Joshua did so.
And when Pashhur son of Immer, the priest, who also was deputy-overseer in the house of Yahweh, heard that Jeremiah had prophesied these things,
and, departing, he conversed with the High-priests and Captains, as to how, unto them, he might deliver him up.
And Jesus said unto the High-priests, and Captains of the temple, and Elders, who had come against him - As against a robber, have ye come out, with swords and clubs?
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,
Now, when both the captain of the temple and the High-priests heard these words, they were utterly at a loss concerning them - what perhaps this might come to.
Then, the captain with the officers, departing, brought them - not with violence, - for they were afraid of the people, lest they should be stoned;
and, leading them forward unto the magistrates, said - These men, are exceedingly troubling our city, they, being Jews,
And, when we entered into Rome, Paul was suffered to abide by himself, with the soldier that guarded him.
For it was becoming in him - For the sake of whom are the all things, and by means of whom are the all things, - when, many sons, unto glory, he would lead, The Princely Leader of their salvation, through sufferings, to make perfect.
Smith
Captain.
1. As a purely military title, "captain" answers to sar in the Hebrew army and tribune in the Roman. The captain of the guard in
was probably the prefectus pratorio.
2. Katsin, occasionally rendered captain, applies Sometimes to a military,
Jos 10:24; 11/6/type/emb'>Jg 11:6,11; Isa 22:3; Da 11:18
sometimes to a civil command, e.g.
3. The captain of the temple, mentioned
superintended the guard of priests and Levites who kept watch by night in the temple.
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And it came to pass, when they brought out these kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war who had been with him, Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings. So they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.
And they said to Jephthah, Oh! come and be our commander, - that we may do battle with the sons of Ammon.
Then went Jephthah with the elders of Gilead, and the people set him over them, as head and commander, - and Jephthah spake all his words before Yahweh, in Mizpah.
Hear the word of Yahweh, ye rulers of Sodom, - Give ear to the instruction of our God, ye people of Gomorrah: -
All thy ruler, having fled, together, by the bow, are taken captive: All found in thee have been taken captive, together, Far away, have they fled.
Then will he turn his face to the Coastlands, and will capture many, - but a commander, will bring to an end, his reproach against himself, that, his reproach, return not unto him.
But, as they were speaking unto the people, the High-priests and the Captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them,