Reference: Genealogy of Jesus Christ
Fausets
Needed, to show that redemption was no afterthought, but designed from the first. Abraham and David in Matthew's Gospel are singled out to prove the fulfillment in Christ of the promises made to Abraham 2,000 years previously, and to David 1,000. The Old Testament begins with "Genesis" ("generation"); so also the New Testament begins with the genesis ("generation," Mt 1:1) of Jesus Christ. Matthew's Gospel contains, not Joseph's direct ancestors, but the succession of heirs to David's and Solomon's throne. The tracing of Christ's descent through Judah's royal line harmonizes with the kingly aspect of Jesus Christ in Matthew's Gospel. The steps of Joseph's direct parentage did not coincide with those of the succession to the throne. Solomon's line failed, and Nathan's and Neri's succeeded as legal heirs.
Hence the need of two genealogies, one (Matthew) of the succession, the other (Luke) of the parentage. Jeremiah (Jer 22:30) declares Jeconiah, Coniah, or Jehoiachin was to be childless. He cannot therefore have been lineal progenitor of Jesus Christ. It is at this point in the genealogy, i.e. after Jehoiachin, the same names occur in both lists, Salathiel and Zerubbabel taken (in Matthew) from the line of Nathan (Luke) to supply the failure of Jehoiachin's issue. The promise was, Messiah was to be "of the fruit of the loins of David" (Ac 2:30), but to Solomon only that "his throne should be established evermore" (1Ch 17:14). So a double genealogy of Jair is given, one of the inheritance, the other of birth (1Ch 2:4-5,21-22; Nu 32:41). Matthew appropriately, as writing for Jews, gives Christ's legal descent; Luke, for Gentiles, the natural descent.
Matthew downward, from Abraham the father of the Jews (naturally, but of the Gentiles also spiritually: Ge 17:5; Ro 4:16-17); Luke upward, to Adam, "who was the son of God" and the father of Gentiles and Jews alike. The words "as was supposed" (Lu 3:23) imply that Christ's sonship to Joseph was only a reputed not a real one. Yet He was God's extraordinary gift to Joseph through his proper wife Mary, and the fruit of his marriage to her, not as natural offspring of his body but as supernatural fruit. Hence attention is drawn to Joseph's being "son of David" (Mt 1:20), "of the house and lineage of David" (Lu 2:4, compare Lu 1:32). Matthew omits three links of the pedigree. "Joram begat Ozias," i.e. Uzziah. But Joram really begat Ahaziah, Ahaziah Jehoash, Jehoash Uzziah. If the two genealogies contained anything false or mutually contradictory, Christ's enemies would have convicted them from the public documents.
Clearly men in that day saw nothing irreconcilable in them. From Abraham to David both agree, thenceforward the names differ. Luke has 42 names from David, Matthew only 27 names. The less number in Matthew is intelligible, if he be only tracing the heir's to the throne; for "the heir of my heir is my heir." So intermediate heirs are omitted without risk of misconception, for spiritual reasons; e.g., Simeon is omitted in Moses' blessing (Deuteronomy 33) on account of his cruelty, Dan in Revelation 7 for his idolatry. The full number is given in Luke, as naming the natural line. Mary must have been of the same tribe and family as Joseph, according to the law (Nu 36:8). Isa 11:1 implies that Messiah was the seed of David by natural as well as legal descent. Probably Matthan of Matthew is the Matthat of Luke, and Jacob and Heli were brothers; and Heli's son Joseph, and Jacob's daughter Mary, first cousins. Joseph, as male heir of his uncle Jacob, who had only one child, Mary, would marry her according to the law (Nu 36:8).
Thus the genealogy of the inheritance (Matthew's) and that of natural descent (Luke's) would be primarily Joseph's, then Mary's also. The number 14 has some mystic signification (compare Nu 29:13; 1Ki 8:65). It is the double of seven the number for completeness; the periods of 14 in Matthew are the sacred three. The period from Abraham to David is that of patriarchs; from David to the Babylonian captivity that of kings; from the captivity to Christ private individuals. The first and second tessaradecade have an illustrious beginning; the third not so, that its ending in Messiah might stand forth pre-eminent above all that went before.
The first is that of promise, beginning with. Abraham and ending with David, the receivers of the promise; the second adumbrates Christ's eternal kingdom through the temporary kingdom of David's line; the third period is that of expectation. On Cainan in Luke's Gospel, (See CAINAN. The name Jehoiakim seemingly has dropped out, Josiah's son and Jeconiah's father; otherwise David would have to be counted twice to make up the second 14. Five females are in Matthew's Gospel: incestuous Tamar, Rahab the Moabitess and a harlot, Ruth, Uriah's wife Bathsheba the object of David's adulterous love, and above all Mary; all extraordinary monuments of God's grace, that chooses out of the vilest to make vessels unto honor, for the bringing forth of the promised Seed, who was to save sinners of every type and race.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
Therefore shalt thou no more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham: for a father of many nations have I made thee,
And ye shall offer a burnt offering of a sweet savour unto the LORD: thirteen bullocks two rams and fourteen lambs which are yearlings and pure,
And Jair the son of Manasseh went and took the small towns thereof, and called them the towns of Jair.
And every daughter that possesseth any inheritance among the tribes of the children of Israel, shall be wife unto one of the kindred of the tribe of her father, that the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of his father,
And every daughter that possesseth any inheritance among the tribes of the children of Israel, shall be wife unto one of the kindred of the tribe of her father, that the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of his father,
And Tamar his daughter-in-law bare him Perez and Zerah: so that all the sons of Judah were five. The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead and was, when he took her, three score years old. And she bare him Segub. And Segub begat Jair which had twenty three cities in the land of Gilead.
But I will set him in mine house and in my kingdom forever, and his seat shall be sure forever.'"
There shall come a rod out of the stock of Jesse, and a branch shall spring out of his root.
Write this man among the outlaws, for no prosperity shall this man have all his life long. Neither shall any of his seed be so happy as to sit upon the seat of David, and to bear rule in Judah."
This is the book of the generations of Jesus Christ: the son of David, the son also of Abraham.
While he thus thought, Behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, "Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: For that which is conceived in her is of the holy ghost.
He shall be great, and shall be called the son of the highest. And the Lord God shall give unto him the seat of his father David:
And Joseph also ascended from Galilee, out of a city called Nazareth, into Jewry: unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem: because he was of the house and lineage of David:
And Jesus himself was about thirty years of age when he began, and he was taken for the son of Joseph: which Joseph was the son of Heli:
Therefore seeing he was a prophet, and knew that God had sworn with an oath to him, that the fruit of his loins should sit on his seat - in that Christ should rise again in the flesh -
Therefore by faith is the inheritance given, that it might come of favour: and that the promise might be sure to all the seed. Not to them only which are of the law: but also to them which are of the faith of Abraham, which is the father of us all. As it is written, "I have made thee a father to many nations," even before God whom thou hast believed, which quickeneth the dead and called those things which be not, as though they were.
Hastings
GENEALOGY OF JESUS CHRIST
1. The two genealogies.
See Verses Found in Dictionary
This, therefore, doeth the LORD: 'Command the daughters of Zelophehad, saying: let them be wives to whom they themself think best, but in the kindred of the tribe of their fathers shall they marry,
This is the generation of Perez: Perez begat Hezron, Hezron begat Ram, Ram begat Amminadab, read more. Amminadab begat Nahshon, Nahshon begat Salmon, Salmon begat Boaz, Boaz begat Obed, Obed begat Jesse, Jesse begat David.
Adam, Seth, Enosh; Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared; read more. Enoch, Mathuselah, Lamech; Noah, Shem, Ham and Japheth. The sons of Japheth: were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras. The sons of Gomer were: Ashkenez, Diphath and Togarmah. The sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim and Rodanim. The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim, Put and Canaan. The sons of Cush: Seba, Havilah, Sabta, Raamah and Sabteca. The sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dadan. And Cush begat Nimrod: which Nimrod began to wax mighty upon the earth. And Mizraim begat Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, and Casluhim - of which came the Philistines and the Caphtorites. And Canaan begat Zidon his eldest son, and Heth, Jebusi, Amori, Girgashi, Hivi, Arki, Sini, Arvadi, Zemari and Hamathi. The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, Aram, Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshech. And Arpachshad begat Shelah and Shelah begat Eber. And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of the one was Peleg, because that in his days the land was divided. And his brother's name was Joktan. Joktan begat Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth and Jerah; Hadoram, Uzal, and Diklah; Ebal, Abimael, and Sheba; Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All these were the sons of Joktan. Shem, Arpachshad, Shelah; Eber, Peleg, Reu; Serug, Nahor, Tereh; Abram, otherwise called Abraham.
These be the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and Zebulun; Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naptali, Gad and Asher. read more. The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born him of the daughter of Shua the Cananitess. But Er the eldest the son of Judah was evil in the sight of the LORD, and therefore he slew him. And Tamar his daughter-in-law bare him Perez and Zerah: so that all the sons of Judah were five. The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. The sons of Zerah: Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Calcol and Dara: five in all. The sons of Carmi: Achar, that troubled Israel, which transgressed in the unlawful things. The sons of Ethan: Azariah. The sons of Hezron that were born him: Jerahmeel, Ram and Chelubai. And Ram begat Amminadab: and Amminadab begat Nahshon, a lord among the children of Judah. And Nahshon begat Salmon; and Salma begat Boaz; and Boaz begat Obed; Obed begat Jesse. And Jesse begat his eldest son Eliab, and Abinadab the second, and Shimea the third, Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth, Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh - Whose sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. The sons of Zeruiah were Abishai, Joab and Asahel, three.
Solomon's son was Rehoboam, whose son was Abijah: and Asa was his son, and Jehoshaphat his son: whose son was Joram: and his son was Ahaziah, and Joash was son to him. read more. And his son was Amaziah, and his son was Azariah, and his son was Jotham. And Ahaz was his son, and Hezekiah was son to him, and Manasseh was his son. And Amon was his son, and Josiah was son to him. And the sons of Josiah were: the eldest son Johanan, the second Jehoakim, the third Zedekiah, and the fourth Shallum.
And the sons of Josiah were: the eldest son Johanan, the second Jehoakim, the third Zedekiah, and the fourth Shallum.
The sons of Pedaiah were Zerubbabel and Shimei. The sons of Zerubbabel, Meshullam, Hananiah and Shelomith their sister,
And the sons of Elioenai were Hodaviah, Elsashib, Pelaiah, Akkub, Johanan, Delaiah and Anani, seven.
The rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and his Abominations, and that was laid to his charge, are written in the book of the kings of Israel: and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his stead.
And there stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon, as it is written in the law of Moses, the man of God.
As truly as I live, sayeth the LORD, Though Jechoniah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah were the signet of my right hand, yet will I pluck him off:
As truly as I live, sayeth the LORD, Though Jechoniah the son of Jehoiakim king of Judah were the signet of my right hand, yet will I pluck him off:
Write this man among the outlaws, for no prosperity shall this man have all his life long. Neither shall any of his seed be so happy as to sit upon the seat of David, and to bear rule in Judah."
In the thirty seventh year after that Jehoiachin the king of Judah was carried away in the twenty fifth day of the twelfth Month, Evilmerodach king of Babylon, the same year that he reigned, gave Jehoiachin the king of Judah his pardon, and let him out of prison,
Abraham begat Isaac; Isaac begat Jacob; Jacob begat Judah and his brethren; Judah begat Perez and Zerah of Tamar; Perez begat Hezron; Hezron begat Ram;
Salmon begat Boaz of Rahab; Boaz begat Obed of Ruth; Obed begat Jesse;
Eliud begat Eleazar; Eleazar begat Matthan; Matthan begat Jacob; Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born that Jesus, that is called Christ.
Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born that Jesus, that is called Christ.
The birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When his mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph, before they came to dwell together, she was found with child by the holy ghost.
And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry and to say, "Jesus, the son of David, have mercy on me."
Blessed be the kingdom that cometh in the name of him that is Lord of our father David. Hosanna in the highest."
In the time of Herod, the king of Jewry, there was a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abijah. And his wife was of the daughters of Aaron: And her name was Elizabeth.
And behold, thy cousin Elizabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age. And this is her sixth month, though she be called barren,
And behold, thy cousin Elizabeth, she hath also conceived a son in her old age. And this is her sixth month, though she be called barren,
And Jesus himself was about thirty years of age when he began, and he was taken for the son of Joseph: which Joseph was the son of Heli:
And Jesus himself was about thirty years of age when he began, and he was taken for the son of Joseph: which Joseph was the son of Heli: which was the son of Matthat: which was the son of Levi: which was the son of Melchi: which was the son of Jannai: which was the son of Joseph:
which was the son of Maath: which was the son of Mattathias: which was the son of Semein: which was the son of Joseph: which was the son of Judah: which was the son of Joanan: which was the son of Rhesa: which was the son of Zerubbabel: which was the son of Shealtiel: which was the son of Neri:
which was the son of Joanan: which was the son of Rhesa: which was the son of Zerubbabel: which was the son of Shealtiel: which was the son of Neri:
Nahshon: which was the son of Amminadab: which was the son of Arni: which was the son of Hezron: which was the son of Perez: which was the son of Judah:
Therefore seeing he was a prophet, and knew that God had sworn with an oath to him, that the fruit of his loins should sit on his seat - in that Christ should rise again in the flesh -
Of this man's seed hath God, according to his promise, brought forth to the people of Israel a saviour, one Jesus,
that make mention of his son, the which was begotten unto him of the seed of David, as pertaining to the flesh:
and with the wholesome word which cannot be rebuked, that he which withstandeth may be ashamed, having no thing in you that he may dispraise.
For it is evident that our Lord sprung of the tribe of Judah, of which tribe spake Moses nothing concerning priesthood.
And one of the elders said unto me, "Weep not. Behold, a lion being of the tribe of Judah, the root of David, hath obtained to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof."
"I, Jesus, sent mine angel, to testify unto you these things in the congregations. I am the root and the generation of David, and the bright morning star."
Smith
Genealogy of Jesus Christ.
The New Testament gives us the genealogy of but one person, that of our Saviour. This is given because it was important to prove that Jesus fulfilled the prophecies spoken of him. Only as the son and heir of David should he be the Messiah. The following propositions will explain the true construction of these genealogies:--
1. They are both the genealogies of Joseph, i.e. of Jesus Christ as the reputed and legal son of Joseph and Mary.
2. The genealogy of St. Matthew is Joseph's genealogy as legal successor to the throne of David. St. Luke's is Joseph's private Genealogy, exhibiting his real birth as David's son, and thus showing why he was heir to Solomon's crown. The simple principle that one evangelist exhibits that genealogy which contained the successive heir to David's and Solomon's throne, while the other exhibits the paternal stem of him who was the heir, explains all the anomalies of the two pedigrees, their agreements as well as their discrepancies, and the circumstance of there being two at all.
3. Mary, the mother of Jesus, was in all probability the daughter of Jacob, and first cousin to Joseph her husband. Thus: Matthan or Matthat
father of Jacob, Heli Jacob father of Mary = Jacob'e heir was (Joseph) Heli father of Joseph JESUS, called Christ. (Godet, Lange and many others take the ground that Luke gives the genealogy of Mary, rendering
Lu 3:23
thus: Jesus "being (as was suppposed) the son of Joseph, (but in reality) the son of Heli." In this case Mary, as declared in the Targums, was the daughter of Heli, and Heli was the grandfather of Jesus. Mary's name was omitted because "ancient sentiment did not comport with the mention of the mother as the genealogical link." So we often find in the Old Testament the grandson called the son. This view has this greatly in its favor, that it shows that Jesus was not merely the legal but the actual descendant of David; and it would be very strange that in the gospel accounts, where so much is made of Jesus being the son and heir of David and of his kingdom his real descent from David should not be given.--ED.)
See Verses Found in Dictionary
And Jesus himself was about thirty years of age when he began, and he was taken for the son of Joseph: which Joseph was the son of Heli: