Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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And I will lay the key of the house of David upon his shoulder, and he shall open, and none shall shut, and he shall shut, and none shall open.
And he said to them, Because of this every scholar who has been instructed in the kingdom of the heavens is like a man, a house-ruler, who brings forth out of his treasure things new and old.
And having answered, Jesus said to him, Blessed are thou, Simon Bar-jonah, because flesh and blood has not revealed it to thee, but my Father in the heavens. And I also say to thee, that thou are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.
And I also say to thee, that thou are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it.
Truly I say to you, however many things ye may bind on the earth will be things that are bound in heaven, and however many things ye may loose on the earth will be things that that are loosed in heaven.
Woe to you lawyers! Because ye took away the key of knowledge. Ye did not enter in yourselves, and ye hindered those who were entering in.
And the Lord said, Who then is the faithful and wise manager whom his lord will appoint over his service to give the provision on time?
But also some of our women astonished us, having come to be at the sepulcher early morning.
And they reported the things on the road, and how he was made known to them during the breaking of the bread.
If ye forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them. If ye retain of any, they are retained.
This Jesus, God raised up, of which we are all witnesses. Therefore, exalted by the right hand of God, and having received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, he poured out this that ye now see and hear. read more. For David did not ascend into the heavens, but he himself says, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand until I place thine enemies a footstool of thy feet. Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God has made him, this Jesus whom ye crucified, both Lord and Christ.
Indeed therefore those who received his word gladly, were immersed. And there were added in that day about three thousand souls.
Indeed therefore those who were scattered abroad passed through proclaiming the good-news, the word.
And having opened his mouth, Peter said, In truth, I am overwhelmed that God is not partial, but in every nation, he who fears him, and works righteousness, is acceptable to him. read more. The word that he sent forth to the sons of Israel, preaching good-news, peace by Jesus Christ (this man is Lord of all),
The word that he sent forth to the sons of Israel, preaching good-news, peace by Jesus Christ (this man is Lord of all), ye know, the word having occurred throughout the whole of Judea beginning from Galilee after the immersion that John preached--
ye know, the word having occurred throughout the whole of Judea beginning from Galilee after the immersion that John preached-- Jesus of Nazareth--how God anointed him with Holy Spirit and with power, who passed through doing good, and healing all those who were oppressed by the devil, because God was with him.
Jesus of Nazareth--how God anointed him with Holy Spirit and with power, who passed through doing good, and healing all those who were oppressed by the devil, because God was with him. And we are witnesses of all that he did both in the country of the Jews, and in Jerusalem, whom also they killed, having hung on a tree. read more. This man God raised up the third day, and granted him to become manifest, not to all the people, but to witnesses who were previously chosen by God, to us, who ate and drank with him after he arose from the dead. And he commanded us to preach to the people, and to solemnly testify that this is the man designated by God, Judge of the living and the dead. To this man all the prophets testify, that every man who believes in him, to receive remission of sins through his name. While Peter still spoke these sayings, the Holy Spirit fell on all those who heard the word. And the faithful men of circumcision were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because also on the Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out. For they heard them speaking in tongues and magnifying God. Then Peter answered, Can any man forbid the water for these not to be immersed, who have received the Holy Spirit as we also? And he commanded them to be immersed in the name of the Lord. Then they asked him to remain some days.
Indeed therefore those who were scattered abroad from the persecution that occurred against Stephen passed through as far as Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch, speaking the word to none except Jews only.
And while they were serving the Lord, and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, Separate to me now Barnabas and Saul for the work that I have called them.
And after arriving, and after gathering the assembly together, they reported as many things as God did with them, and that he opened a door of faith to the Gentiles.
And the apostles and the elders were assembled together to see about this matter. And when much debate occurred, Peter having risen up, he said to them, Men, brothers, ye know that from past days among us, God chose the Gentiles to hear through my mouth the word of the good-news, and to believe.
And when much debate occurred, Peter having risen up, he said to them, Men, brothers, ye know that from past days among us, God chose the Gentiles to hear through my mouth the word of the good-news, and to believe. And God, who knows the heart, testified to them, having given them the Holy Spirit, just as also to us. read more. And he made not one distinction between both us and them, having purified their hearts by faith. Now therefore why do ye challenge God, to place a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were able to bear? But through the grace of the Lord Jesus, we believe to be saved, in the same way as those men also.
And after they were quiet, James answered, saying, Men, brothers, hear me.
Therefore I judge not to trouble those from the Gentiles who are turning to God,
Then it was decided by the apostles and the elders, with the whole assembly, to send men chosen from them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas, namely, Judas called Barsabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brothers, after writing by their hand these things:The apostles, and the elders, and the brothers, to those down in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, to the brothers of the Gentiles, greeting. read more. Since we have heard that certain men who went out from us have troubled you with words, disturbing your souls, saying to be circumcised, and to keep the law, to whom we did not command, it was decided by us, having become unanimous, to send chosen men to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have given over their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have therefore sent Judas and Silas, themselves also declaring the same things by speech. For it was decided by the Holy Spirit, and by us, to lay upon you not one greater burden than these necessary things:
And after these things Paul having separated from Athens, he came to Corinth.
But Paul, who still remained considerable days with the brothers, having separated, sailed away to Syria (and with him Priscilla and Aquila), having shaved his head in Cenchrea, for he had a vow. And he came to Ephesus and left behind those there, but having entered into the synagogue himself, he discoursed with the Jews. read more. And when they asked him to remain on more time with them, he did not consent,
But when Peter came to Antioch I opposed him to the face, because he was blameworthy.
And brothers, if a man is overtaken in some transgression, ye the spiritual, restore such in a spirit of meekness, looking to thyself lest thou also be tempted.
And ye have an anointing from the Holy, and ye know all the things.
And to the agent of the congregation in Philadelphia write, These things says the Holy, the True, he who has the key of David, who opens, and none will shut it except he who opens, and none will open: