Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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"Then," said he, "every scribe who has been instructed in the kingdom of heaven is like a householder who brings out of his storehouse new things and old."
"Blessed are you, Simon, Son of Jonah," said Jesus; "for flesh and blood have not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven! "Moreover I say to you that you are Petros (a rock), and on this petra (rock) I will build my church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against her.
"Moreover I say to you that you are Petros (a rock), and on this petra (rock) I will build my church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against her.
"I tell you all in solemn truth that whatever you forbid upon earth will be forbidden in heaven, and whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in heaven.
"Woe to you lawyers, for you have taken away the key of knowledge!' You yourselves have not entered, and you have hindered those who are trying to enter."
The Lord answered. "Who then is that faithful steward, the wise man whom his Lord will put in charge of the rations in due time?
"Moreover, some women of our company amazed us. They went to his tomb at daybreak,
Then they began to tell what happened on the road, and he was known to them when he broke the bread.
"Receive the Holy Spirit. If you remit any one's sins, they are remitted; if you retain them they are retained."
This Jesus God has raised up, of this we are all witnesses. Since he is by the mighty hand of God exalted, and has received from his Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured forth this which you now see and hear. read more. For David did not ascend into heaven; but he himself said, "The Lord said to my Lord Sit thou on my right hand "Until I make thine enemies A footstool under thy feet. "Therefore let the whole House of Israel know assuredly that Gods has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you have crucified."
Then those who welcomed his message were baptized, and in that day about three thousand souls were added to them;
So those who were scattered abroad were going everywhere preaching the word.
Then Peter began to speak. "Of a truth I begin to see quite plainly that God is no respecter of persons; "but in every nation he who fears him and works righteousness is acceptable to him. read more. "You cannot but know the message which he sent to the descendants of Israel, when he preached the gospel of peace by Jesus Christ who is Lord of all;
"You cannot but know the message which he sent to the descendants of Israel, when he preached the gospel of peace by Jesus Christ who is Lord of all; "you know the message spread throughout all Judea, beginning in Galilee, after the baptism which John preached;
"you know the message spread throughout all Judea, beginning in Galilee, after the baptism which John preached; "how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how he went about everywhere doing good, and curing all who were oppressed by the devil; for God was with him.
"how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, and how he went about everywhere doing good, and curing all who were oppressed by the devil; for God was with him. "And we were witnesses of all that he did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. They killed him, hanging him on a tree. read more. "But him God raised up on the third day, and permitted him to be made manifest, "not to all the people, but to witnesses??en previously chosen by God??hat is, to us, who ate and drank with him after he had risen from the dead; "when he charged us to preach to the people, and to testify that this was he whom God ordained to be the judge of the living and of the dead. "To him all the prophets bear witness, testifying that through his name every one that believes on him will receive remission of sins." While Peter was still speaking, the Holy Spirit fell on all who were listening to the message. And all the Jewish believers who had accompanied Peter were amazed, because the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out upon the Gentiles also. For they heard them speak with tongues and magnify God. Then Peter said, "Can any one refuse water for the baptism of these men who have received the Holy Spirit as well as we?" And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they begged him to remain with them for a time.
Then those who had been scattered by the trouble that arose over Stephen, traveled as far as Phoenicia and Cyprus and Antioch; but they preached the word to none except Jews.
And as they were worshiping the Lord, and fasting, the Holy Spirit said to them, "Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them."
On their arrival they assembled the church and reported all things that God had done through them, and how he had opened a door of faith to the Gentiles.
The apostles and elders met to consider the matter; and after there had been a long discussion, Peter rose and said: "Brothers, you know how a good while ago God made choice among you, that from my lips the Gentiles were to hear the message of the gospel and believe.
and after there had been a long discussion, Peter rose and said: "Brothers, you know how a good while ago God made choice among you, that from my lips the Gentiles were to hear the message of the gospel and believe. "And God, who knows the hearts of all, gave this testimony in their behalf, by bestowing upon them the Holy Spirit just as he did upon us; read more. "and he made no distinction between us and them, in cleansing their hearts by faith. "Now then, why are you tempting God by laying on the necks of these disciples a yoke which neither our forefathers nor we have been able to bear? "On the contrary we believe that it is by the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ that we and they shall be saved."
"My judgment therefore, is against troubling those who turn to God from among the Gentiles;
Then it seemed good to the apostles and the elders, together with the whole church, to select some of their number, and to send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas. The men chosen were Judas called Bar-Sabbas, and Silas, leading men among the brethren. They took with them the following letter. "The apostles and older brothers send greeting to the Gentile Brotherhood throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia; read more. "as we have heard that some of your number who went out from us have troubled you with words and upset your souls, without having received any such instruction from us; "we have unanimously decided to select certain men, and to send them to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul; "men who have risked their very lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. "So we have sent Judas and Silas to tell you the same things by word of mouth. "For it has seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things;
After this Paul left Athens and went to Corinth.
And Paul after remaining in Corinth some time longer, took leave of the brothers, and sailed away to Syria, accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila. As Paul was under a vow, he had his head shaved at Cenchrea. When they came to Ephesus he left them there; but he himself entered into the synagogue and reasoned with the Jews. read more. When they begged him to stay longer, he would not consent,
But when Cephas came to Antioch I resisted him to his face, because he stood self-condemned.
Even if any one should be overtaken in a fault, brothers, you that are spiritual ought, in a gentle spirit, to restore such a one, each one of you looking to himself, lest you too be tempted.
Now you have an anointing from the Holy One, and you know all things.
Write also to the angel of the Church in Philadelphia. These things says He who is holy, he who is true, he who has the key of David, he who opens, and no one shall shut; and who shuts, and no one opens.