Reference: Power of the Keys
Hastings
In ecclesiastical history the phrase is associated primarily with the so-called 'Privilege of Peter,' upon which the dogma of papal supremacy has been built, but also with the delegated authority of an official priesthood to pronounce sentence of the absolution or the retention of sins.
1. The fundamental passage is Mt 16:18. When St. Peter at C
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and He said to them, "Therefore, every scribe, having been made a disciple to the Kingdom of heaven, is like a householder, who brings forth out of his treasure things new and old."
And Jesus, answering, said to him, "Happy are you, Simon Bar-Jonah; because flesh and blood did not reveal it to you, but My Father Who is in Heaven. And I also say to you, that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My assembly, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
And I also say to you, that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My assembly, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.
Verily, I say to you, whatsoever ye bind upon the earth shall have been bound in Heaven, and whatsoever ye loose on the earth shall have been loosed in Heaven.
"Woe to you lawyers; because ye took away the Key of Knowledge; ye yourselves entered not in, and those who were entering ye hindered."
And the Lord said, "Who, then, is the faithful steward, the wise one, whom his lord will appoint over his household to give the portion of food in due season?
Moreover, also, certain women of our company astonished us, having been early at the tomb;
And they were narrating the things that transpired in the way, and how He was made known to them in the breaking of the bread.
Whosesoever sins ye remit, they are remitted to them; whosesoever sins ye retain, they are retained."
"This Jesus God raised up; of which fact we all are witnesses. Being, therefore, exalted at the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, He was pouring forth this which ye both see and hear. read more. For David did not ascend into Heaven; but he himself says, 'The Lord said to my Lord, sit at My right hand, till I make Thy foes a footstool for Thy feet.' "Therefore, let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God made Him both Lord and Christ??his Jesus Whom ye crucified."
Those, therefore, who gladly received his word, were immersed; and there were added to them on that day about three thousand souls;
Those, therefore, who were dispersed, went about, proclaiming the good tidings of the word.
And Peter, opening his mouth, said, "Of a truth, I perceive that God is not a respecter of persons; but, in every nation, he who fears Him, and works righteousness, is acceptable to Him. read more. He sent the word to the sons of Israel, proclaiming the glad tidings of peace through Jesus Christ, (He is Lord of all):
He sent the word to the sons of Israel, proclaiming the glad tidings of peace through Jesus Christ, (He is Lord of all): Ye know the word that came throughout all Judaea, after the immersion which John preached; even Jesus of Nazareth,
Ye know the word that came throughout all Judaea, after the immersion which John preached; even Jesus of Nazareth, how God anointed Him with the Holy Spirit and with power; Who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed by the Devil; because God was with Him.
how God anointed Him with the Holy Spirit and with power; Who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed by the Devil; because God was with Him. And we are witnesses of all things which He did both in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem; Whom they also slew, hanging Him on a tree. read more. Him God raised on the third day, and gave Him to become manifest; not to all the people, but to witnesses before appointed by God??o us who ate and drank with Him after He rose from the dead. And He commanded us to preach to the people, and to fully testify that it is He Who hath been ordained by God Judge of the living and dead. To Him all the prophets testify, that through His Name every one who believes on Him receives remission of sins." While Peter was yet speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all those hearing the word. And those of the circumcision who believed, as many as came with Peter, were amazed, because that upon the gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Spirit; for they heard them speaking with tongues, and magnifying God. Then Peter answered, "Can any one forbid the water, that these should not be immersed, who, indeed, received the Holy Spirit as well as we?" And He commanded that they should be immersed in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to remain some days.
Those, therefore, who were dispersed by reason of the tribulation that arose about Stephen, traveled as far as Phoenicia, and Cyprus, and Antioch, speaking the word to none but Jews only.
And, while they were ministering to the Lord, and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, "Separate now to Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them."
And, having arrived, and having gathered together the assembly, they were rehearsing as many things as God did with them, and that He opened to the gentiles a door of faith.
And the apostles and the elders were assembled together to see about this matter. And, much discussion having arisen, Peter, standing up, said to them, "Brethren, ye well know that, from early days, God made choice among you, that through my mouth the gentiles should hear the word of the Gospel, and believe.
And, much discussion having arisen, Peter, standing up, said to them, "Brethren, ye well know that, from early days, God made choice among you, that through my mouth the gentiles should hear the word of the Gospel, and believe. And the heart-knowing God bore witness to them, giving them the Holy Spirit, even as to us: read more. and He made no distinction between us and them, having purified their hearts by faith. Now, therefore, why do ye tempt God, that ye should put a yoke upon the neck of the disciples, which neither our fathers nor we were strong enough to bear? But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, in the same manner as also they."
And, after they were silent, James answered, saying, "Brethren, hear me.
Wherefore, I judge that we should not trouble those who from among the gentiles are turning to God;
Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders, with the whole assembly, to send men, chosen from themselves, to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; Judas who is surnamed Barsabas, and Silas??eading men among the brethren; having written through their hand thus: "The apostles, and the elders, brethren, to the brethren from the gentiles throughout Antioch and Syria and Cilicia, greeting: read more. Forasmuch as we heard that some from among us troubled you with words, unsettling your souls??o whom we gave no directions; it seemed good to us, having become of one mind, having chosen men, to send to you, with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have given up their souls in behalf of the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. We have sent, therefore, Judas and Silas; themselves also reporting the same things to you by word of mouth. For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things:
After these things, departing from Athens, he came to Corinth.
And Paul, abiding after this yet many days with the brethren, having taken leave of them, was sailing away to Syria, and with him Priscilla and Aquila; having shaven his head in Cenchrea; for he had a vow. And they came down to Ephesus, and he left them there; but he himself, entering into the synagogue, reasoned with the Jews. read more. And, though they asked him to remain a longer time with them, he consented not;
But, when Cephas came to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was blameworthy;
Brethren, even if a man be caught in any trespass, ye who are spiritual restore such a one in a spirit of meekness; considering yourself, lest you also be tempted.
And ye have an anointing from the Holy One, and ye all know Him.
"And to the angel of the assembly in Philadelphia write these things," saith He Who is holy, He Who is true, He Who hath the key of David, He Who openeth, and no one shall shut; and shutteth, and no one opens: