Reference: South
Easton
Heb Negeb, that arid district to the south of Palestine through which lay the caravan route from Central Palestine to Egypt (Ge 12:9; 3/1/type/emb'>13:1,3; 46:1-6). "The Negeb comprised a considerable but irregularly-shaped tract of country, its main portion stretching from the mountains and lowlands of Judah in the north to the mountains of Azazemeh in the south, and from the Dead Sea and southern Ghoron the east to the Mediterranean on the west." In Eze 20:46 (21:1 in Heb) three different Hebrew words are all rendered "south." (1) "Set thy face toward the south" (Teman, the region on the right, 1Sa 31:13); (2) "Drop thy word toward the south" (Negeb, the region of dryness, Jos 15:4); (3) "Prophesy against the forest of the south field" (Darom, the region of brightness, De 33:23). In Job 37:9 the word "south" is literally "chamber," used here in the sense of treasury (comp. Job 38:22; Ps 135:7). This verse is rendered in the Revised Version "out of the chamber of the south."
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So Abram came up out of Egypt he and his wife and all that he had and Lot with him, towards the South.
And he went his way, by his removals, from the South even as far as to Bethel, - as far as the place where his tent was at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai:
So Israel brake up, with all that he had, and came in to Beer-sheba, - and offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac. And God said to Israel in the visions of the night, and he said - Jacob! Jacob! read more. And he said - Behold me! And he said: I, am GOD himself, the God of thy father, - Be not afraid of going down to Egypt, seeing that for a great nation, will I plant thee there. I will go down with thee to Egypt, and will bring thee up, yea wholly up, - and, Joseph, shall lay his own hand upon thine eyes. So Jacob rose up from Beer-sheba, - and the sons of Israel brought Jacob their father, and their little ones, and their wives, in the waggons which Pharaoh had sent to bring him; and they took their cattle and the gains which they had gained in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt, - Jacob and all his seed with him:
And, of Naphtali, he said, O Naphtali! satisfied with favour, And full with the blessing of Yahweh, - The west and the sunny south, do thou possess.
and passeth over to Azmon, and goeth forth at the ravine of Egypt, and so the extensions of the boundary are to the sea. This, shall be your south boundary.
and took their bones, and buried them under the tamarisk-tree in Jabesh, - and fasted seven days.
Out of a chamber cometh a storm-wind, and, out of the north, cold.
Hast thou entered into the treasuries of the snow? And, the treasuries of the hail, couldst thou see?
Causing vapours to ascend from the end of the earth, - Lightnings for the rain, hath he made, bringing forth wind out of his treasuries.
Son of man Set thy face the way towards Teman, And drop thy word against the land of the sun, And prophesy unto the forest of the field of the South;
Fausets
The designation of a large district of Judah; the Negeb. (See JUDAH; PALESTINE.) Palmer (Desert of Exodus) notices how accurately Jer 13:19 has been fulfilled, "the cities of the South shall be shut up, and none shall open them." Walls of solid masonry remain; fields and gardens surrounded with goodly walls, every sign of human industry, remains of wells, aqueducts, reservoirs; mountain forts to resist forays of the sons of the desert; desolated gardens, terraced hill sides, and wadies dammed to resist the torrent; ancient towns still called by their names, but no living being, except the lizard and screech owl, amidst the crumbling walls. In Jg 1:16 it is called "the wilderness of Judah South of Arad"; a strip of hilly country, running from the Dead Sea westward across Palestine, obliquely to the S.W. This tract is separated from the hills of Judaea or the mountains of Hebron by the broad plain of Beersheba (wady el Malih, "the valley of Salt") extending from the Dead Sea westward or S.W. to the land of Gerar.
The cities were 29 (Jos 15:21-32); some of the names are not of distinct cities, but compound names. The land is now at rest, enjoying its Sabbath, because it did not rest in the Jews' Sabbaths (Le 26:34-35,43). Besides the application of "the Negeb" to the whole district there are ethnological and geographical subdivisions; the Negeb of the Cherethites, the Negeb of the Kenites, the Negeb of Judah the Negeb of Arad, the Negeb of Jerahmeel. The Negeb of Caleb was a subdivision of, or identical with, the Negeb of Judah, as appears from 1Sa 30:14,16; 25:2-3; compare with Jos 21:11-12).
The low country N. and W. of Beersheba was the Negeb of the Cherethites. The Negeb of Judah was South of Hebron in the outposts of Judah's hills; Tel Zif, Main, and Kurmul (Carmel), ruined cities, mark the Negeb of Caleb. Tel Arad marks the Negeb of the Kenites reaching to the S.W. of the Dead Sea. The Negeb of Jerahmeel lay between wady Rukhmeh (corruption of Jerahmeel) in the N., and wadies el Abaydh, Marreh, and Madarah, in the South. The Amalekites (in Nu 14:25) dwelt in the valley and yet "in the hill," for their land was a plateau, the sense of sadeh "country" in Ge 14:7; compare 1Sa 27:8. Some lived in the hills, others in the fertile lower level to which the wadies debouch; so now the Azazimeh.
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So they returned and came in unto En-mishpat, the same, is Kadish, and smote all the field of the Amalekites, - and the Amorites also that dwelt in Hazazon-tamar,
Then, shall the land be paid her sabbaths, All the days she lieth desolate, While, ye, are in the land of your fees, - Then, shall the land keep sabbath, And pay off her sabbaths: All the days she lieth desolate, shall she keep sabbath, - the which she kept not as your sabbaths, - while ye dwelt thereupon.
For, the land, shall be left of them, And shall be paid her sabbaths, while she lieth desolate without them, They also, accepting, as a payment, the punishment of their iniquity, Because, yea because, my regulations, they refused, And my statutes, their soul abhorred.
Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites, are dwelling in the valley, - to-morrow, turn ye away; and set yourselves forward towards the desert by the way of the Red Sea.
And the uttermost cities of the tribe of the sons of Judah, towards the boundary of Edom in the south, were, - Kabzeel and Eder, and Jagur, and Kinah and Dimonah, and Adadah, - read more. and Kedesh and Hazor, and Ithnan, Ziph and Talem, and Bealoth, and Hazor-hadattah and Kerioth-hezron, the same, is Hazor; Amam and Shema, and Moladah, and Hazar-gaddah and Heshmon, and Beth-pelet. and Hazarshual and Beer-sheba, with the hamlets thereof, Baalah and Iyyim, and Ezem, and Eltolad and Chesil, and Hormah, and Ziklag and Madmannah, and Sansannah, and Lebaoth and Shilhim, and En-rimmon, - all the cities are twenty-nine, with their villages.
yea there was given unto them, the city of Arba, the father of Anak, the same, is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, - with the pasture land thereof, round about it; whereas, the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, gave they unto Caleb son of Jephunneh, as his possession.
Now, the sons of the Kenite, father-in-law of Moses, had come up from the city of palm-trees, with the sons of Judah, into the wilderness of Judah, which is in the south of Arad, - so they went and dwelt with the people.
Now there was, a man, in Maon, whose cattle were in Carmel, and, the man, was exceeding great, and, he, had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats, - and so it was, that he was shearing his sheep in Carmel. Now, the name of the man, was Nabal, and, the name of his wife, Abigail, - and, the woman, was of good understanding, and of beautiful figure, - but, the man, was unfeeling and of evil practices, and he was a Calebite.
And David and his men went up, and made a raid against the Geshurites and the Gizrites and the Amalekites, - for, they, were the inhabitants of the land who had been from age-past times, as thou enterest Shur, even as far as the land of Egypt.
As for us, we invaded the South of the Cherithites, and against that which pertaineth unto Judah, and against the South of Caleb, - and, Ziklag, burned we with fire.
So he brought him down, and lo! they were left to themselves over the face of all the land, - eating, and drinking, and dancing around, for all the great spoil which they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah.
The cities of the South, are shut And there is none to open, - Judah hath been carried away captive, She hath altogether been carried away captive in full number.
Hastings
Morish
In the Bible, as we might expect, the points of the compass are spoken of as they refer to the land of Palestine. The south would therefore indicate the part of the land which contained Judah's and Simeon's portions, or to the district still further south, a country little known. Ge 12:9. It is called negeb in the Hebrew. Two other words are yamin and teman, signifying 'the right hand,' and are translated 'south' because the Israelites considered themselves as looking toward the East when speaking of the points of the compass. 1Sa 23:19,24; Ps 89:12; Jos 12:3; 13:4; Ps 78:26; Isa 43:6. Another word is darom, 'bright, sunny region,' hence 'the south.' De 33:23; Job 37:17; Eze 40:24-45. In the N.T., except in Ac 8:26 (where the word is ?????????, 'mid-day,' because the sun is then in the south: as the Latin meridies, 'mid-day,' also signifies 'south'), the word is ?????, 'the south.' Mt 12:42; etc.
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And, of Naphtali, he said, O Naphtali! satisfied with favour, And full with the blessing of Yahweh, - The west and the sunny south, do thou possess.
and the waste plain as far as the sea of Chinneroth, on the east, even as far as the sea of the waste plain, the salt sea, on the east, the way to Bethjeshimoth, - and, on the south, under the slopes of Pisgah;
on the south: all the land of the Canaanites, and Mearah which belongeth to the Zidonians, as far as Aphek, - as far as the boundary of the Amorites;
Then came up the Ziphites unto Saul in Gibeah, saying, - Is not David hiding himself with us, in the strongholds in the thicket, in the hill of Hachilah, which is on the right of Jeshimon?
So they arose and departed to Ziph, before Saul, - but, David and his men, were in the wilderness of Maon, in the Arabah, to the right of Jeshimon.
That thy garments should be hot when he quieteth the earth from the south?
He let loose an east wind in the heavens, Then guided he, in his might, a south wind;
The north and the south, Thou, didst create them, - Tabor and Hermon, with thy Name, shall shout for joy:
I will say to the North Give up! And to the South Do not withhold! Bring in My sons from far, and My daughters from the end of the earth;
Then he took me toward the south, and lo! In gate toward the south, - and he measured the projections thereof and the recesses thereof, according to these measures. And windows were there to it, and the recesses thereof round about on all sides, like these windows, - fifty cubits in length, and in breadth, five-and-twenty cubits. read more. And seven steps the ascents thereof, with its recesses within, - and it had palm trees one on this side and one on that side against the projections thereof. And a gate, had the inner court towards the south, - so he measured from gate to gate toward the south, a hundred cubits. Yea when he brought me to the inner court through the south gate, then measured he the south gate, according to these measures; and the lodges thereof and the projections thereof and the recesses, thereof, were according to these measures, and windows, were there to it, and to the recesses thereof round about on every side, - fifty cubits in length, and in breadth, twenty and five cubits; and there were recesses round about on every side; - in length, five and twenty cubits, and in breadth, five cubits; and the recesses thereof reached unto the outer court, with palm-trees, against the projections thereof, and eight steps were the ascents thereof. And when he brought me unto the inner court toward the east, then measured he the gate, according to these measures; and the lodges thereof and the projections thereof and the recesses thereof, according to these measures, and windows were there to it and to the recesses thereof, round about on every side, - in length fifty cubits, and in breadth, five and twenty cubits; and the recesses thereof reached to the outer court, with palm-trees, against the projections thereof, on this side and on that side, - and eight steps, were the ascents thereof. And when he brought me to the north gate, then measured he according to these measures: the lodge as thereof the projections thereof, and the recesses thereof, with windows, to it round about on every side, - in length fifty cubits, and in breadth five and twenty cubits; and the recesses thereof reached unto the outer court, with palm-trees against the projections thereof, on this side and on that side, - and eight steps were the ascents thereof. And there was a chamber with its entrance, within the projections at the gates, - there, shall they rinse the ascending-sacrifice, m And in the porch of the gate, were two tables on this side, and two tables, on that side, - to slay thereon the ascending-sacrifice, and the sin-bearer, and the gut-bearer. And at the side without, in ascending to the entrance of the north gate, were two tables, - and at the other side which pertaineth to the porch of the gate, were two tables. Four tables on this side and four tables on that side by the side of the gate,-eight tables whereupon they shall slay. And the four tables for the ascending-offering: were of hewn stone. in length, one cubit and a half, and in breadth, one cubit and a half, and in height, one cubit, - that thereon, they may lay the instruments wherewith they shall slay the ascending-offering and the sacrifice. And there were hooks of three hand-breadth fastened within round about on every side, - and upon the tables, the flesh of the offering. And on the outside of the inner gate, were the chambers of the singers in the inner court which was at the side of the north gate, and their front was toward the south, - one, at the side of the south gate, fronting, toward the north. Then spake he unto me saying, This chamber whose front is toward the south, is for the priests keeping the charge of the house;
The queen of the south, will arise in the judgment with this generation and will condemn it - because she came out of the ends of the earth, to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and lo! something greater than Solomon, here.
And, a messenger of the Lord, spake unto Philip, saying - Arise, and be journeying along southward, unto the way that goeth down from Jerusalem unto Gaza, - the same, is desert.