Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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Ye have heard that it has been said to the antients, "Thou shalt not kill: and whosoever shall kill, shall be punish'd by the tribunal." but I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be punish'd by the tribunal: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be punish'd by the Sanhedrim: but whosoever shall say, thou fool, shall be punish'd by the fire of Gehenna.
I declare unto you, the people of Sodom and Gomorrha shall find less severity in the day of judgment, than that city.
but I declare unto you, that men shall give an account at the day of judgment, of every scandalous expression they utter.
When the son of man shall come in his majesty, accompanied with all his holy angels, he shall sit upon the throne of his glory. then all nations shall be assembled before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates his sheep from the goats. read more. and he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. the king shall say to those on his right hand, come, ye blessed of my father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. for I was prest with hunger, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in: naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye took care of me: I was in prison, and ye visited me. then will the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when did we see thee in hunger, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? when did we see thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? or when did we see thee sick, or in prison, and visited thee? and the king will reply, I declare unto you, your having done this for one of the least of these my brethren, is the same thing as doing it for me. then will he say to those on the left, depart from me ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. for I was prest with hunger, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me not in: naked, and ye clothed me not: sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. then will they answer, Lord, when did we see thee in hunger, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? to this he will reply, I declare unto you, your not doing this for one of the least of these, is the same thing as not doing it for me. and these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.
Jesus reply'd, I am: moreover I declare to you, within a while ye shall see the son of man sitting on the right hand of God, and coming on the clouds of heaven.
besides, the father judgeth no man; but hath committed the full power of judging unto the son:
because he has fix'd the day, when he will judge in equity, by that man, whom he has appointed thereto: of which he has given full proof to all the world, by having raised him from the dead."
why then dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou think contemptibly of thy brother? since we shall all of us be brought before the judgment-seat of Christ. for it is written, "as I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall give praise to God." read more. Since then every one of us shall give an account of himself to God;
and I saw the dead, small and great, stand before the throne; the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out. of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. the sea gave up the dead which were in it; death and the grave delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every one according to their works. read more. and death and the grave were cast into the lake of fire: this is the second death. and whosoever was not found written in the book of life, was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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Another parable he propos'd to them in these words. the state of the gospel in this world may be compar'd to a man who sowed good grain in his field: but while the people slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way. read more. but when the blade was sprung up, and bore grain, the tares appeared too. so the servants of the yeoman came and said, Sir, did not you sow your field with good grain: how comes it then to have tares? 'tis some enemy, said he, has done this. the servants replied, shall we go then and pull them up? no, said he, lest in pulling up the tares, you should root up the wheat with them. let both grow together till the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will thus direct the reapers, first of all gather the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: then lodge the wheat in my barn.
he answered them, he that soweth the good seed, is the son of man: the field is the world: the good seed are the children of the kingdom: but the tares are the children of the wicked one: read more. the enemy that sowed them is the devil: the harvest is the conclusion of the age: and the reapers are the angels. as then the tares are gathered and burnt in the fire; so shall it be at the conclusion of the age. the son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all that make others offend, and those who do iniquity; and shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. then shall the just shine out like the sun, in the kingdom of their father. he that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Again, the gospel-kingdom is like a net that is cast into the sea, and draws all sorts of fish: when it is full, they drag it to shore, then sit down, and pick out the good to lay by, but throw the bad away. read more. so it shall be at the end of the world: the angels shall come forth, and after they have separated the wicked from the just, they shall cast the wicked into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
and he shall send his messengers, who with the shrill sound of a trumpet, shall gather together his select from the four winds, from one end of the heaven to the other. this may be illustrated by a comparison taken from a fig-tree: when the branches become tender, and push out their leaves, ye know that summer is nigh: read more. in like manner, when ye shall see all these things happen, know that he is come to your very doors. I declare unto you, the present generation shall not cease, till all these things are pass'd. heaven and earth may fail, but my words shall never fail. As to the day and hour, that no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, but the father only. as the days of Noe were, so shall also the advent of the son of man be. for as at the time that usher'd in the deluge, they were eating and drinking, marrying themselves and their children, till the day that Noe entred into the ark, having no thoughts of the flood till it came, and swept them all away; so shall also the advent of the son of man be. of two persons, who shall be then in the field, one shall be taken, and the other left. two women shall be grinding at the mill, the one shall be taken, and the other left. watch therefore, for ye know not at what hour your Lord shall come. but this you conceive, that if a man knew at what hour of the night the thief would come, he would set a watch, and not suffer his house to be broke open. therefore be ye also prepar'd: for the son of man may come at an hour you least expect. If then there be a servant, appointed by his master to take care of his family, who faithfully and prudently distributes their allowance according to the establishment: happy is the servant,
that you may eat and drink at my table, in my kingdom, and seated on thrones may judge the twelve tribes of Israel.
in the day, when according to my gospel, God shall judge the secret actions of men by Jesus Christ.
the church of the first-born who are enroll'd in heaven, to God the judge of all, to the spirits of just men made perfect,
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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for the son of man shall come in the glory of his father, with his angels; and then shall be make retribution to every man according to his works.
Immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun shall be darkned, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.
When the son of man shall come in his majesty, accompanied with all his holy angels, he shall sit upon the throne of his glory.
When the son of man shall come in his majesty, accompanied with all his holy angels, he shall sit upon the throne of his glory. then all nations shall be assembled before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates his sheep from the goats. read more. and he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. the king shall say to those on his right hand, come, ye blessed of my father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. for I was prest with hunger, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in: naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye took care of me: I was in prison, and ye visited me. then will the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when did we see thee in hunger, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? when did we see thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? or when did we see thee sick, or in prison, and visited thee? and the king will reply, I declare unto you, your having done this for one of the least of these my brethren, is the same thing as doing it for me. then will he say to those on the left, depart from me ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels. for I was prest with hunger, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me not in: naked, and ye clothed me not: sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. then will they answer, Lord, when did we see thee in hunger, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? to this he will reply, I declare unto you, your not doing this for one of the least of these, is the same thing as not doing it for me. and these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.
let not this surprize you: for the time is coming, when all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, and they that have done good, shall rise to the possession of life; and they that have done evil, shall rise to their condemnation.
believe, said they, on the Lord Jesus, and you shall be saved, you, and your family.
since then we died with Christ, we are persuaded that we shall also live with him:
and if I die, I gain.
for you are dead to them, and Christ has secured your life with God.
and that you, who are distress'd, should obtain your repose, together with us, when the Lord Jesus, with his angels, the ministers of his power, shall descend from heaven, in flaming fire, to take vengeance on those, who know not God, and do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: read more. the Lord shall punish them with everlasting destruction, when he shall appear in the glory of his power,
but the heavens and the earth now existing are kept in store by his Logos, reserv'd for the conflagration of doomsday, when the impious shall be involv'd in perdition.
As for that day of the Lord, it will advance like a thief: then the heavens will rush with violence, the boiling elements will be dissolved, and the earth with all its contents, shall be burnt away.
adhere to that, my dear children, that when he shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his coming.
in those days shall men seek for death, but shall not find it; they will desire to die, and death will shun them.
and I saw the dead, small and great, stand before the throne; the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out. of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. the sea gave up the dead which were in it; death and the grave delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every one according to their works.