Reference: Judgment
American
Is put, in Mt 5:21-22, for a court of judgment, a tribunal, namely, the tribunal of seven judges, which Josephus mentions as existing in every city, and which decided causes of minor importance. See under SYNAGOGUE.
For the expression, "judgment-hall," see PRETORIUM.
THE DAY OF JUDGMENT, for which the word "judgment" alone is sometimes used, is that great day, at the end of the world and of time, when Christ shall sit as judge over all the universe, and when every individual of the human race will be judged and recompensed according to his works, whether they be good or evil. The time of its coming and its duration are known only to God. It will break upon the world suddenly, and with a glorious but awful majesty. It will witness the perfect vindication of all the ways of God. The revelation of his justice, appalling but unstained, will fill the universe with approving wonder; but the revelation of his yet more amazing goodness will crown him with unutterable glory. The Redeemer especially will then receive his reward, and be glorified in his saints, who shall be raised from the dead in his likeness. He will divide all mankind into tow classes: all the righteous will be in one, and all the wicked in the other; all that love God in the one, and all that hate him in the other; all that penitently believed in Christ while they lived in the one, and all that died impenitent and unbelieving in the other. And this judgement and separation will be eternal: the former will rise in holiness and joy, and the latter sink in sin and woe forever, Ec 11:9; Da 12:2; Mt 10:15; 12:36; 25:31-46; 26:64; Joh 5:22; Ac 17:31; Ro 14:10-12; 2Th 1:7-10; 2Pe 2:9; 3:7; 1Jo 4:17; Re 20:12-15.
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Ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, "Thou shalt not kill; and whoever shall kill, shall be in danger of the Judges." But I say to you, that whoever is angry with his brother shall be in danger of the Judges; and whoever shall say to his brother, Simpleton! shall be in danger of the Council; and whoever shall say, Fool! shall be in danger of hellfire.
Truly do I say to you, It will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city.
And I say to you, that for every idle word that men shall speak, they will give account in the day of judgment.
And when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the angels with him, then will he sit on the throne of his glory, and before him will be gathered all the nations; and he will separate men one from another, as a shepherd separateth the sheep from the goats; read more. and he will set the sheep on his right hand, and the goats on the left. Then will the king say to those on his right hand, Come, ye blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and ye gave me food; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me in; naked, and ye clothed me; I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison, and ye came to me. Then will the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? and when saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? or when did we see thee sick, or in prison, and come to thee? And the king will answer and say to them, Truly do I say to you, Inasmuch as ye did it to one of the least of these my brethren, ye did it to me. Then will he say also to those on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into the everlasting fire, which is prepared for the Devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and ye gave me no food; I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. Then will they also answer, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to thee? Then will he answer them, saying, Truly do I say to you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. And these will go away into everlasting punishment; but the righteous into everlasting life.
Jesus saith to him, I am. Moreover I say to you, Henceforth ye will see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven.
For neither doth the Father judge any one, but hath committed all judgment to the Son;
inasmuch as he hath fixed a day, in which he will judge the world in righteousness by a man whom he hath appointed; having given assurance to all by raising him from the dead.
But thou, why dost thou judge thy brother? And thou, too, why dost thou despise thy brother? For we shall all stand before the judgmentseat of God. For it is written, "As I live, saith the Lord, to me every knee shall bow, and every tongue shall give praise to God." read more. So then every one of us will give account of himself to God.
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged out of the things written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead which were in it, and death and the underworld gave up the dead which were in them; and they were judged each one according to his works. read more. And death and the underworld were cast into the lake of fire; this is the second death, the lake of fire. And if any one was not found written in the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire.
Hastings
Biblical eschatology centres about the Judgment to which all humanity is to be subjected at the end of this 'age.' As the introduction to the Messianic Age, it was expected to occur at a definite time in the future, and would take place in the heavens, to which all humanity, whether living or dead, would be raised from Sheol. The judge was sometimes said to be God (Heb 12:23), sometimes His representative, the Christ, assisted by the angels (Ro 2:16; Mt 13:24-30,37-43,47-50; 24:31-45; Cf. Eth. Enoch 48). In Lu 22:30; 1Co 6:2, Christians are also said to be judges. At the Judgment, sentences would be pronounced determining the eternal states of individuals, both men and angels. Those who had done wrong would be doomed to punishment, and those who had accepted Jesus as Christ, either explicitly, as in the case of the Christians, or implicitly, as in the case of Abraham, would be acquitted and admitted to heaven. The question as to the basis of this acquittal gave rise to the great discussion between St. Paul and the Jewish Christians, and was developed in the doctrine of justification by faith.
By its very nature the thought of judgment is eschatological, and can be traced from the conception of the Day of Jehovah of the ancient Hebrews. While the Scripture writers sometimes conceived of disease and misery as the result of sin, such suffering was not identified by them with the penalties inflicted at the Judgment. These were strictly eschatological, and included non-participation in the resurrection of the body, and suffering in hell. (See Abyss, Day of the Lord, Book of Life, Gehenna.)
For 'judgment' in the sense of justice see art. Justice.
Shailer Mathews.
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Another parable he put forth to them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed good seed in his field. But while men slept, his enemy came, and sowed tares among the wheat; and went away. read more. But when the blade grew up, and put forth fruit, then appeared the tares also. So the servants of the householder came and said to him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? Whence then hath it tares? He said to them, An enemy did this. The servants say to him, Dost thou wish then that we go and gather them up? But he said, Nay; lest, while ye gather up the tares, ye root up the wheat with them. Let both grow together until the harvest; and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather up first the tares, and bind them in bundles, to burn them; but gather the wheat into my barn.
He answered and said, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man. The field is the world; the good seed is the sons of the kingdom; but the tares are the sons of the Evil One; read more. the enemy that sowed them is the Devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are angels. As therefore the tares are gathered up and burned with fire, so will it be at the end of the world. The Son of man will send forth his angels, and they will gather out of his kingdom all the stumblingblocks, and those who do iniquity, and will cast them into the furnace of fire; there will be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Then will the righteous shine forth as the sun, in the kingdom of their Father. He that hath ears, let him hear.
Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net, cast into the sea, and bringing together fish of every kind; which, when it was full, they drew upon the beach, and sat down and gathered the good into vessels, but threw the bad away. read more. So will it be at the end of the world. The angels will come forth, and separate the wicked from among the righteous, and will cast them into the furnace of fire; there will be wailing and gnashing of teeth.
And he will send forth his angels with a great trumpet, and they will gather his chosen from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. And from the figtree learn its parable. When its branch hath now become tender, and putteth forth its leaves, ye know that summer is near. read more. So also, when ye see all these things, know ye that he is near, at the doors. Truly do I say to you, This generation will not pass away, till all these things take place. Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. But that day and hour knoweth no one, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only. But as were the days of Noah, so will be the coming of the Son of man. For as in the days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and knew not, until the flood came, and took them all away, so also will be the coming of the Son of man. Then will two men be in the field; one will be taken, and one left. Two women will be grinding at the mill; one will be taken, and one left. Watch, therefore, for ye know not on what day your Lord is coming. But be sure of this, that if the master of the house had known in what watch the thief was coming, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken through. Therefore be ye also ready; for at an hour when ye think not, the Son of man cometh. Who then is the faithful and wise servant, whom his lord placed over his household, to give them their food in due season?
that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ, according to the gospel which I have preached.
and to the church of the firstborn, who are enrolled in heaven; and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of righteous men made perfect;
Watsons
JUDGMENT, DAY OF, is that important period which shall terminate the present dispensation of grace toward the fallen race of Adam, put an end to time, and introduce the eternal destinies of men and angels, Ac 16:31; 1Co 15:24-26; 1Th 4:14-17; Mt 25:31-46. It is in reference to this solemn period that the Apostle Peter says, "The heavens and the earth which now exist are by the word of God reserved in store unto fire, against the day of judgment, and perdition of ungodly men," 2Pe 3:7. Several eminent commentators understand this prophecy as a prediction of the destruction of Jerusalem. In support of their interpretation, they appeal to the ancient Jewish prophecies, where, as they contend, the revolutions in the political state of empires and nations are foretold in the same forms of expression with those introduced in Peter's prediction. The following are the prophecies to which they appeal:
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For the Son of man is to come in the glory of his Father, with his angels; and then will he render to every one according to his works.
And immediately after the distress of those days will the sun be darkened, and the moon will not give her light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.
And when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the angels with him, then will he sit on the throne of his glory,
And when the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the angels with him, then will he sit on the throne of his glory, and before him will be gathered all the nations; and he will separate men one from another, as a shepherd separateth the sheep from the goats; read more. and he will set the sheep on his right hand, and the goats on the left. Then will the king say to those on his right hand, Come, ye blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. For I was hungry, and ye gave me food; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me in; naked, and ye clothed me; I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison, and ye came to me. Then will the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink? and when saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? or when did we see thee sick, or in prison, and come to thee? And the king will answer and say to them, Truly do I say to you, Inasmuch as ye did it to one of the least of these my brethren, ye did it to me. Then will he say also to those on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into the everlasting fire, which is prepared for the Devil and his angels. For I was hungry, and ye gave me no food; I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. Then will they also answer, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to thee? Then will he answer them, saying, Truly do I say to you, Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. And these will go away into everlasting punishment; but the righteous into everlasting life.
Marvel not at this; for the hour is coming, in which all that are in the tombs will hear his voice, and will come forth, they that have done good, to a resurrection of life; they that have done evil, to a resurrection of condemnation.
And they said, Believe in the Lord Jesus, and thou wilt be saved, and thy household.
And if we died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him;
For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
For ye died, and your life is hidden with Christ in God;
and to you the distressed rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be manifested from heaven, with the angels of his might, in flaming fire, taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus; read more. who will be punished with everlasting destruction proceeding from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his power,
but the present heavens and the present earth are by his word kept in store, reserved for fire against the day of judgment and the perdition of ungodly men.
But the day of the Lord will come as a thief; in which the heavens will pass away with a great noise, and the elements will melt with fervent heat, and the earth and the works that are therein will be burned up.
And now, my children, abide in him; that when he shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his coming.
And in those days men will seek death, and shall not find it; and will desire to die, and death will flee from them.
And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged out of the things written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead which were in it, and death and the underworld gave up the dead which were in them; and they were judged each one according to his works.
And he said to me, All things are accomplished. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To him that thirsteth I will give of the fountain of the water of life freely.